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Vol. 47. Issue S6.
Antibioterapia inhalada
Pages 14-18 (June 2011)
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Vol. 47. Issue S6.
Antibioterapia inhalada
Pages 14-18 (June 2011)
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Antibioterapia inhalada en la fibrosis quística
Inhaled antibiotic therapy in cystic fibrosis
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Rosa M. Girón Morenoa,
Corresponding author
rmgiron@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Antonio Salcedo Posadasb, Rosa Mar Gómez-Puntera
a Unidad de Fibrosis Quística, Servicio de Neumología, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, España
b Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Materno-Infantil Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
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Resumen

La fibrosis quística es la enfermedad genética letal más frecuente en la población caucasiana. La infección bronquial crónica, especialmente por Pseudomonas aeruginosa, es la principal causa de morbimortalidad de esta patología. El tratamiento antibiótico por aerosol alcanza altas concentraciones en la vía aérea con baja toxicidad, por lo que permite el empleo crónico. En la actualidad hay 2 antibióticos aprobados para su uso inhalatorio, la tobramicina en solución para inhalación y el colistimetato de sodio, existiendo con este último menos evidencias en estudios clínicos. La indicación fundamental es la colonización bronquial crónica por P. aeruginosa, aunque cada vez se demuestra más relevancia en la primoinfección por esta bacteria, acompañada o no de antibióticos por vía oral o intravenosos. Más controvertido es el uso de la aerosolterapia antibiótica en la profilaxis bacteriana o en la exacerbación respiratoria. Durante muchos años se han estado empleando formulaciones intravenosas de distintos antibióticos en aerosol, las cuales están en distintas fases de investigación para su lanzamiento como presentación por vía nebulizada. Además de su indicación en el tratamiento de la infección por P. aeruginosa se han empleado otros antibióticos en aerosol para otros patógenos como Staphylococus aureus resistentes a meticilina, Mycobacterium abscessus o Aspergillus fumigatus.

Palabras clave:
Fibrosis quística
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Tobramicina
Colistimetato de sodio
Abstract

Cystic fibrosis is the most frequent fatal genetically-transmitted disease among Caucasians. Chronic bronchial infection, especially by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in this disease. Aerosolized antibiotic therapy achieves high drug concentrations in the airway with low toxicity, allowing chronic use. Currently, two antibiotics have been approved for inhalation therapy, tobramycin inhalation solution and colistimethate sodium aerosol. There is less evidence from clinical trials for the latter. The main indication for these drugs is chronic bronchial colonization by P. aeruginosa, although there is increasing evidence of the importance of the primary infection by this bacterium, whether treated by oral or intravenous antibiotics or not. More controversial is the use of aerosolized antibiotic therapy in bacterial prophylaxis or respiratory exacerbations. For many years, intravenous formulations of distinct antibiotics for aerosolized use have been employed, which are in distinct phases of research for use in nebulizer therapy. In addition to being used to treat P. aeruginosa infection, aerosolized antibiotics have been used to treat other pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococus aureus, Mycobacterium abscessus and Aspergillus fumigatus.

Keywords:
Cystic fibrosis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Tobramycin
Sodium colistimethate
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