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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hemos realizado un trabajo epidemiol&#243;gico de tipo transversal&#44; como parte de un estudio multic&#233;ntrico europeo&#44; con el objeto de estimar la prevalencia de sintomatolog&#237;a respiratoria y aquella relacionada con el asma presente en los &#250;ltimos 12 meses en la ciudad de Sevilla&#46; El estudio se realiz&#243; con una muestra de 4&#46;000 personas de ambos sexos&#44; con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 44 a&#241;os mediante el empleo de un cuestionario enviado por correo y posteriormente con el empleo de la entrevista por tel&#233;fono&#46; Analizamos el &#237;ndice de respuestas obtenido en el muestreo por correo en el estudio epidemiol&#243;gico sobre asma en nuestra zona&#44; as&#237; como la frecuencia de sintomatolog&#237;a respiratoria y su distribuci&#243;n por edad y sexo&#46; El &#237;ndice de respuestas fue de un 53&#44;36&#37;&#44; siendo similar en ambos sexos&#46; Presentaban alg&#250;n tipo de s&#237;ntoma respiratorio un 49&#37; de los encuestados&#44; siendo lo m&#225;s frecuente la existencia de ataques de tos nocturna &#40;27&#44;7&#37;&#41; y la presencia de sibilancias &#40;22&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Sin embargo&#44; su frecuencia era diferente en ambos sexos&#44; siendo el primero de los s&#237;ntomas m&#225;s frecuente en mujeres &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;02&#41; y el segundo en varones &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Encontramos que un 14&#44;9&#37; de la poblaci&#243;n ten&#237;a s&#237;ntomas de rinitis y que este s&#237;ntoma era m&#225;s frecuente entre las mujeres &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;02&#41;&#46; Se consideraron s&#237;ntomas relacionados con el asma a la crisis de falta de aire nocturno&#44; la toma de medicaci&#243;n para el asma o el haber tenido alguna crisis de asma diagnosticada por un m&#233;dico en los &#250;ltimos 12 meses&#46; De esta forma la prevalencia estimada de asma fue de un 11&#44;72&#37;&#44; manteni&#233;ndose este porcentaje en todos los grupos de edad encuestados &#40;salvo en las edades medias&#41;&#44; y en ambos sexos&#46; Este porcentaje de sintom&#225;ticos se ha mantenido estable a lo largo de todo un a&#241;o&#46; El &#237;ndice de respuestas en este tipo de estudio es aceptable&#44; aunque no suficiente&#44; por lo que ha sido necesario realizar un <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">estudio de no-respuestas</span> analizando una muestra de 50 personas extra&#237;da de forma aleatoria de entre el grupo de no respondedores&#46; No encontramos diferencias ni entre las caracter&#237;sticas ni en la frecuencia de sintomatolog&#237;a o en la toma de medicaci&#243;n entre estas dos poblaciones&#44; por lo que consideramos los datos obtenidos con el 53&#44;36&#37; de la muestra como definitivos&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This paper is a report of a cross-sectional epidemiological study that formed part of multicenter European project&#59; the aim was to est&#237;mate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and signs related to asthma over a period of 12 months in the city of Seville&#46; A sample of 4&#44;000 persons of both sexes&#44; aged between 20 and 44 years o&#237;d&#44; was surveyed first by mail questionnaire and later by telephone interview&#46; We analyzed the response &#237;ndex obtained with the mail survey for the epidemiological study of asthma in the area and for the frequency of respiratory symptoms and their distribution by age and sex&#46; The response &#205;ndex was 53&#46;36&#37; and was similar for men and for woemen&#46; Forty-nine percent reported at least one respiratory symptom&#44; with nocturnal coughing attacks &#40;27&#46;7&#37;&#41; and wheezing &#40;22&#46;2&#37;&#41; being the most frequent&#46; The frequency of these symptoms was different by sex&#44; however&#44; with the former more often reported by women &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;02&#41; and the latter by men &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;001&#41;&#46; We found that 14&#46;9&#37; of the population had rhinitis and that women reported this symptom more often &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;02&#41;&#46; Symptoms related to asthma were nocturnal attacks of breathlessness&#44; the use of asthma medication and an asthma attack diagnosed by a physician within the last 12 months&#46; With these criteria the estimated prevalence of asthma was 11&#46;72&#37;&#44; a proportion that held steady for all age groups except the middle-aged and for both sexes&#46; The response index also held steady throughout the year of data collection and though it was typical of this type of study&#44; it was inadequate&#59; we were therefore obliged to study the non-respondents by analyzing a sample of 50 persons chosen randomly from among those who did not return the questionnaires&#46; No differences were found between these 2 samples with respect to frequency of symptoms or use of medication&#44; and we therefore consider the data obtained with 53&#46;36&#37; of the sample to be valid&#46;</p></span>"
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Vol. 31. Issue 4.
Pages 162-168 (April 1995)
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Vol. 31. Issue 4.
Pages 162-168 (April 1995)
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Análisis de la prevalencia de sintomatología respiratoria en la población general
Analysis of the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in the general population
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J.A. Rodríguez Portal*, F.J. Álvarez Gutiérrez, A. Segado Soriano, G. Soto Campos, F. Capote Gil, J. Castillo Gómez
Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla
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Hemos realizado un trabajo epidemiológico de tipo transversal, como parte de un estudio multicéntrico europeo, con el objeto de estimar la prevalencia de sintomatología respiratoria y aquella relacionada con el asma presente en los últimos 12 meses en la ciudad de Sevilla. El estudio se realizó con una muestra de 4.000 personas de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 44 años mediante el empleo de un cuestionario enviado por correo y posteriormente con el empleo de la entrevista por teléfono. Analizamos el índice de respuestas obtenido en el muestreo por correo en el estudio epidemiológico sobre asma en nuestra zona, así como la frecuencia de sintomatología respiratoria y su distribución por edad y sexo. El índice de respuestas fue de un 53,36%, siendo similar en ambos sexos. Presentaban algún tipo de síntoma respiratorio un 49% de los encuestados, siendo lo más frecuente la existencia de ataques de tos nocturna (27,7%) y la presencia de sibilancias (22,2%). Sin embargo, su frecuencia era diferente en ambos sexos, siendo el primero de los síntomas más frecuente en mujeres (p < 0,02) y el segundo en varones (p < 0,001). Encontramos que un 14,9% de la población tenía síntomas de rinitis y que este síntoma era más frecuente entre las mujeres (p < 0,02). Se consideraron síntomas relacionados con el asma a la crisis de falta de aire nocturno, la toma de medicación para el asma o el haber tenido alguna crisis de asma diagnosticada por un médico en los últimos 12 meses. De esta forma la prevalencia estimada de asma fue de un 11,72%, manteniéndose este porcentaje en todos los grupos de edad encuestados (salvo en las edades medias), y en ambos sexos. Este porcentaje de sintomáticos se ha mantenido estable a lo largo de todo un año. El índice de respuestas en este tipo de estudio es aceptable, aunque no suficiente, por lo que ha sido necesario realizar un estudio de no-respuestas analizando una muestra de 50 personas extraída de forma aleatoria de entre el grupo de no respondedores. No encontramos diferencias ni entre las características ni en la frecuencia de sintomatología o en la toma de medicación entre estas dos poblaciones, por lo que consideramos los datos obtenidos con el 53,36% de la muestra como definitivos.

Palabras clave:
Asma
Prevalencia
Epidemiología

This paper is a report of a cross-sectional epidemiological study that formed part of multicenter European project; the aim was to estímate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and signs related to asthma over a period of 12 months in the city of Seville. A sample of 4,000 persons of both sexes, aged between 20 and 44 years oíd, was surveyed first by mail questionnaire and later by telephone interview. We analyzed the response índex obtained with the mail survey for the epidemiological study of asthma in the area and for the frequency of respiratory symptoms and their distribution by age and sex. The response Índex was 53.36% and was similar for men and for woemen. Forty-nine percent reported at least one respiratory symptom, with nocturnal coughing attacks (27.7%) and wheezing (22.2%) being the most frequent. The frequency of these symptoms was different by sex, however, with the former more often reported by women (p < 0.02) and the latter by men (p < 0.001). We found that 14.9% of the population had rhinitis and that women reported this symptom more often (p < 0.02). Symptoms related to asthma were nocturnal attacks of breathlessness, the use of asthma medication and an asthma attack diagnosed by a physician within the last 12 months. With these criteria the estimated prevalence of asthma was 11.72%, a proportion that held steady for all age groups except the middle-aged and for both sexes. The response index also held steady throughout the year of data collection and though it was typical of this type of study, it was inadequate; we were therefore obliged to study the non-respondents by analyzing a sample of 50 persons chosen randomly from among those who did not return the questionnaires. No differences were found between these 2 samples with respect to frequency of symptoms or use of medication, and we therefore consider the data obtained with 53.36% of the sample to be valid.

Key words:
Asthma
Prevalence
Epidemiology
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Copyright © 1995. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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