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Vol. 35. Issue 8.
Pages 385-389 (September 1999)
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Vol. 35. Issue 8.
Pages 385-389 (September 1999)
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Actitud ante el tabaquismo de funcionarios fumadores y no fumadores de la Universidad Federal de São Paulo, Brasil: análisis comparativo de fumadores y no fumadores
Comparison of attitudes toward smoking of smoking and non-smoking employees of the Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brasil
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S.A. Ribeiroa,
Corresponding author
sandrarib@medprev.epm.br

Correspondencia: Rua Pedro de Toledo. 675. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, Capital. CEP 04023-062.
, D. Pérezb, J.R. De Brito Jardimc
a Profesora Adjunta Doctora de la Disciplina de Medicina Preventiva Clínica del Departamento de Medicina Preventiva de la Universidad Federal de São Paulo
b Médico, posgrado en Neumología de la Disciplina de Neumología de la Universidad de São Paulo
c Profesor Adjunto Doctor de la Disciplina de Neumología y Jefe de la Disciplina de Neumología de la Universidad Federal de São Paulo
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Objetivos

Estudiar aspectos puntuales de un programa de prevención del tabaquismo en la Universidad de São Paulo, mencionando la actitud y el pensamiento de los funcionarios fumadores y no fumadores, a fin de obtener una propuesta mayoritaria para injerto de un programa antitabaquismo en la institución.

Método

Fue aplicado un cuestionario confidencial autoexplicativo con 51 preguntas de múltiples opciones y se obtuvieron respuesta en 2.613 (48,6%) de los funcionarios, profesores, residentes, enfermeras y alumnos.

Resultados

Del total de participantes en el estudio eran fumadores 438 (16,8%) y ex fumadores 456 (17,5%). El inicio del tabaquismo se dio entre los 11 y los 20 años en el 84% de los casos. Las edades donde prevaleció el mayor número de fumadores fue entre 31 a 40 años, siendo por encima de los 60 años mayor la prevalencia para ex fumadores. Los individuos que fuman en el trabajo representan el 78%. Fumadores y no fumadores han relatado algún tipo de rechazo en relación al humo del cigarrillo, principalmente el olor en las ropas y en el cabello (62,7% de respuestas de fumadores frente a 59% de respuestas de no fumadores, NS). En el grupo de no fumadores, el 37,5% se decantó por la prohibición total del humo en el ambiente de trabajo frente al 10% de los fumadores (p < 0,05). Por otro lado, el 82,8% de los fumadores concordaron restringir locales específicos para el humo, frente al 59% de las opiniones de los no fumadores (p<0,05).

Concusiones

Creemos que pesquisas como éstas deban ser realizadas en todas las instituciones, especialmente en áreas de salud, a fin de que la implementación de políticas restrictivas al uso de tabaco tenga éxito y sea respaldada por la mayoría de los funcionarios fumadores o no. En fases preliminares, sobre la base de nuestros resultados, se aconsejó crear locales restringidos para los fumadores y, posteriormente, con el desarrollo de la campaña institucional antitabaquismo, se llegó a la prohibición total del tabaco en el ambiente de trabajo.

Palabras clave:
Fumadores
No fumadores
Ambiente de trabajo
Objective

To study the attitudes toward smoking of employees of the Federal University of Sao Paulo as a step toward implanting a consensualized anti-smoking program for the institution.

Method

We designed and distributed anonymous, self-completed questionnaires with 51 multiple-choice questions, whieh were returned by 2,613 (48.6%) employees, professors, medieal residents, nurses and students.

Results

Four hundred thirty-eight (16.8% of the population) of the respondents were smokers and 456 (17.5%) were non-smokers. For 84% smoking started between the ages of 11 and 20 years. Most smokers were between 31 and 40 years of age, and the prevalence of ex-smokers was highest in respondents over the age of 60. Seventy-eight percent of the smokers smoked at work. Both smokers and non-smokers reported some tvpe of discomfort caused by cigarette smoke, mainly smell in clothes and hair (62.7% of smokers versus 59% of non-smokers, NS). The proportion who opted for a totally smoke-free environment w as 37.5% among non-smokers and 10% among smokers (p<0.05). Restrictions on smoking in specific places, on the other hand, met with the approval of 82.8% of smokers and 59% of non-smokers (p<0.05).

Conclusions

We believe that surveys such as this one should be carried out at all institutions, particularly in health care centers, in order to assure that smoking restriction policies are suceessful and receive the support of most employees, whether they smoke or not. Our data suggest the advisability of creating rstricted-smoking zones in the early phase of an institutional anti-smoking campaign designed to lead to a totally smoke-free workplace environment.

Key words:
Smokers
Non-smokers
Workplace environment
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Copyright © 1999. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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