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Vol. 34. Issue 10.
Pages 492-495 (November 1998)
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Vol. 34. Issue 10.
Pages 492-495 (November 1998)
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Abordaje transtorácico de la columna vertebral
Transthoracic approach to the spinal column
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J. Freixinet*, M. Hussein, P. Rodríguez Suárez
Unidad de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitario Ntra. Stra. del Pino. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
H. Mhaidlia, F. Robainab, F. Rodríguez de Castroc
a Unidad de Raquis. Hospital Universitario Ntra. Stra. del Pino. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
b Servicios de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Ntra. Stra. del Pino. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
c Servicios de Neumología. Hospital Universitario Ntra. Stra. del Pino. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
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El tratamiento de las lesiones vertebrales que asientan en la parte anterior de la columna a través de toracotomía se utiliza para abordar diversos tipos de patología.

Entre los años 1990 y 1997 se han tratado un total de 56 pacientes (40 varones y 16 mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 67 años (media de 38,4 años). En todos los casos se ha tratado de una lesión del cuerpo vertebral con imposibilidad o gran dificultad de acceso por vía posterior. Se han intervenido 31 pacientes con traumatismos de la columna vertebral (55,3%), 8 deformidades espinales (14,3%), 7 tumores metastásicos (12,5%), 5 hernias discales (8,9%), 4 mal de Pott (7,1%), y un caso de osteólisis de D6 (1,8%).

Se ha realizado una toracotomía izquierda en 35 casos (62,5%), derecha en 19 (33,9%) y videotoracoscopia en 2 ocasiones (3,6%). El nivel de la incisión se ha determinado en función de la localización de la lesión. Se ha abierto la cavidad pleural en todos los casos excepto en uno. Se ha efectuado la disección del repliegue pleurodiafragmático posterolateral y apertura del diafragma, realizando la intervención a nivel retroperitoneal en los 37 casos de patología toracolumbar (66,1%). La intervención ortopédica ha consistido en la aplicación de un injerto óseo autólogo en todos los casos y la colocación de un fijador de Kaneda en 32 ocasiones (57,1%). Como complicaciones, un paciente ha tenido que ser reintervenido por colocación inadecuada del fijador vertebral, en un caso se ha detectado un neumotórax tras la retirada de los drenajes pleurales, se ha producido una infección de la herida operatoria y un caso de íleo paralítico (morbilidad global del 7,1%).

Se concluye que el abordaje espinal por toracotomía constituye una buena alternativa para tratar las lesiones de la columna, que ofrece buenos resultados con mínima morbilidad.

Palabras clave:
Toracotomía
Traumatismos de la columna vertebral
Patología de la columna vertebral

Thoracotomy is used to approach and treat anterior spinal lesions arising from various causes.

Between 1990 and 1997, we treated 56 patients (40 men and 16 women) between 14 and 67 years old (mean 38.4). All had spinal lesions that were impossible or difficult to reach by a posterior approach. Thirty-one (55.3%) had suffered spinal damage, 8 (14.3%) had spinal deformities, 7 (12.5%) had metastatic tumors, 5 (8.9%) had herniated discs, 4 (7.1%) had Pott's disease and 1 (1.8%) had osteolysis at D6.

Thoracotomy was left-sided in 35 cases (62.5%) and rightsided in 19 (33.9%). Video-assisted thoracoscopy was used twice (3.6%). The level of incision was based on the site of the lesion, and the pleural cavity was opened in all cases except one. The posterolateral pleuro-diaphragmatic fold was dissected and the diaphragm opened for retroperitoneal access in 37 cases (66.1%) of thoracolumbar disease. Orthopedic treatment consisted of autologous hone grafts in all cases and placement of a Kaneda splint in 32 cases (57.1%). One patient had to undergo surgery a second time due to inappropriate placement of the vertebral splint. Pneumothorax occurred in one patient after removal of pleural drains. The incision became infected in one patient, and one case of ileal paralysis was observed. Overall, morbidity was 7.1%.

We conclude that thoracotomy offers a good alternative approach to spinal lesions. Results are good and morbidity low.

Key words:
Thoracotomy
Spinal column lesions
Spinal column disease
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Copyright © 1998. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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