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Vol. 39. Issue 1.
Pages 13-18 (January 2003)
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Vol. 39. Issue 1.
Pages 13-18 (January 2003)
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Ventilación no invasiva en cifoescoliosis. Estudio comparativo entre respirador volumétrico y soporte de presión (BIPAP)
Non-invasive ventilation in kyphoscoliosis. A comparison of a volumetric ventilator and a BIPAP support pressure device
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E. Laserna
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elena_laserna@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Sinaí, 14, 2.° A. 41007 Sevilla. España
, E. Barrot, A. Belaustegui, E. Quintana, A. Hernández, J. Castillo
Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla. España
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Arch Bronconeumol. 2003;39:19110.1016/S0300-2896(03)75359-9
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El tratamiento de elección de los pacientes con insuficien-cia respiratoria crónica secundaria a cifoescoliosis grave es la administración de ventilación no invasiva domiciliaria

El propósito de nuestro estudio ha sido comparar, en un es-tudio prospectivo, cruzado y aleatorizado, la evolución clíni-ca, gasométrica y funcional tras un mes de tratamiento domi-ciliario con los dos tipos de respirador, así como evaluar las alteraciones que presentan durante el sueño estos enfermos

Para ello hemos incluido en el estudio a 10 pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria crónica secundaria a afección res-trictiva por cifoescoliosis

Se asignó a cada paciente el primer dispositivo de manera aleatoria y tras un mes de tratamiento en su domicilio se reali-zó una nueva evaluación clínica, funcional y polisomnográfica con el respirador. El mismo protocolo se aplicó con el segundo dispositivo, dejando entre uno y otro 10 días de descanso

En la polisomnografía basal observamos un sueño fragmen-tado, con disminución de las fases profundas de sueño NREM y de sueño REM, así como un patrón respiratorio con frecuencias muy elevadas que coincidían con importantes desaturaciones

En todos los enfermos se objetivó una mejoría clínica y gasométrica con ambos dispositivos, sin diferencias estadís-ticas entre ellos. En los registros polisomnográficos se obser-vó una disminución significativa en el porcentaje de tiempo transcurrido con saturación de oxígeno por debajo del 90% con ambos respiradores respecto al registro basal

En nueve de los 10 pacientes se observó una mejor adap-tación y tolerancia a la presión de soporte respecto al respi-rador volumétrico

En conclusión, en nuestra experiencia la ventilación no in-vasiva en los pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria crónica secundaria a cifoescoliosis es igualmente efectiva adminis-trada con respirador volumétrico o con soporte de presión (BIPAP). La respuesta subjetiva y la adaptación al dispositi-vo parece ligeramente superior para el BIPAP

Palabras clave:
Ventilación no invasiva
Soporte de presión
Ci-foescoliosis

Non-invasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) at home is the treatment of choice for patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency secondary to severe kyp-hoscoliosis. Our aim was to compare clinical course, blood gases and lung function after one month of domiciliary NIPPV with two types of ventilator and to assess sleep pat-tern changes in patients enrolled in a prospective, randomi-zed crossover study. Ten patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency due to kyphoscoliosis were enrolled and ran-domly assigned to the first device. After one month of use, the patients underwent clinical and functional examinations and polysomnographic studies while using the ventilator. The same protocol was applied with the second device after a ten-day washout period. Baseline polysomnographs sho-wed fragmented sleep with low percentages of deep non-REM sleep and of REM sleep, as well as respiratory pat-terns characterized by very high frequencies coinciding with significant desaturations. In all cases symptoms and arterial blood gas improvements were significant, with no differen-ces between the two treatment periods. The percentages of time spent with SaO2below 90% of reference in sleep stu-dies were significantly lower than baseline with both ventila-tors. All but one patient had better tolerance of the bilevel positive airway pressure (BIPAP) support mode than of the volumetric ventilator. Our study shows that NIPPV is equally effective for patients with kyphoscoliosis whether administered with a volumetric ventilator or a BIPAP devi-ce. Subjective response and tolerance seem to be slightly better with BIPAP

Keywords:
Non-invasive ventilation
Pressure support
Kyphos-coliosis
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