Journal Information
Vol. 34. Issue 5.
Pages 232-236 (May 1998)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 34. Issue 5.
Pages 232-236 (May 1998)
Full text access
Tos como equivalente asmático. Características clínicas y funcionales. Estudio de 63 casos
Cough variant asthma. Clinical and functional features in 63 cases
Visits
7203
C. Orejas García*, T. Pascual Pascual, A. Alzueta Álvarez, T. Bazús González
Sección de Neumología. Hospital de Cabueñes. Gijón
J. Martínez González del Ríoa, C. Escudero Buenoa
a Servicio de Ncumología. Hospital Covadonga. Hospital Central de Asturias. Oviedo
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics

Los objetivos de este estudio han sido: a) estudiar las características de los pacientes que acuden a nuestra consulta externa por presentar tos crónica como único síntoma y son diagnosticados de asma bronquial, y b) evaluar su hiperrespuesta bronquial en relación a la de los pacientes con asma y espirometría normal.

Durante 3 años estudiamos a 193 pacientes consecutivos con tos crónica como único síntoma según el protocolo de estudio que se especifica en el apartado “Pacientes y métodos”. De éstos 63 fueron diagnosticados de asma bronquial. Se consideró que la hiperrespuesta bronquial era la causa de la tos según la obstrucción bronquial reversible o si el test de metacolina era positivo, junto con respuesta de la tos a la terapia específica antiasmática.

De los 63 pacientes estudiados, en 46 (73%) la tos era no productiva, 28 sujetos (44%) referían predominio nocturno de la misma y en 14 (22%) ésta había comenzado coincidiendo con síntomas de infección respiratoria de la vías altas. Solamente cuatro (6%) del total de sujetos presentaban sibilancias en la auscultación pulmonar. El diagnóstico fue hecho por obstrucción reversible en 11 (17%)y por el test de metacolina en 52 (83%). La concentración de metacolina que produce un descenso en el FEV1 del 20% (PC20) media fue superior en los pacientes diagnosticados de tos como equivalente asmático (PC20=10,45±2,48 mg/ml) que en los sujetos con asma bronquial clásico (PC 20=6,57±2,14 mg/ml).

La tos persistente ocasionada por asma, habitualmente no productiva, cursa con poca o nula sintomatología acompañante, a diferencia del asma clásico. La realización del test de metacolina es de una elevada rentabilidad diagnóstica en estos casos.

Palabras clave:
Tos crónica
Hiperreactividad bronquial y tos
Tos como equivalente asmático

To study the characteristics of our outpatient clinic patients presenting with chronic cough as the sole symptom of bronchial asthma, and to evaluate the bronchial hyperreactivity of such patients in comparison with that of classic asthmatic patients with normal spirometry.

For 3 years we studied 193 consecutivo patients with chronic cough as the sole symptom, using the study protocol specified in the section on patients and methods. Sixty-three patients were diagnosed of bronchial asthma. Bronchial hyperreactivity was considered to be the cause of coughing based on reversibility testing or a positive methacholine test, along with response to specific antiasthmatic therapy.

Forty-six (73%) of the 63 patients had unproductive cough and 28 (44%) coughed mainly at night. In 14 (22%) symptoms began with an upper respiratory tract infection. Wheezing couid be heard in oniy 4 (6%). Diagnosis was based on reversibility in 11 (17%) and methacholine testing in 52 (83%). Mean PC20 was higher in patients diagnosed of variant cough.

Unlike classic asthma, persisten! and usually unproductive cough caused by asthma has few or no accompanying symptoms. The diagnostic yield of methacholine testing is high in such patients.

Key words:
Chronic cough
Bronchial hyperreactivity and cough
Cough variant asthma
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
D. Jhonson, L.M. Osbom.
Cough variant asthma: a review of the clincial literature.
J Asthma, 28 (1991), pp. 85-90
[2.]
F.L. Glauser.
Variant asthma.
Ann Allergy, 30 (1972), pp. 457-459
[3.]
E.R. Me Fadden.
Exertional dyspnea and cough as preludes to acute attacks of bronchial asthma.
N Engí J Med, 292 (1975), pp. 555-559
[4.]
W.M. Corrao, S.S. Braman, R.S. Irwin.
Chronic cough as the solé presenting manifestation of bronchial asthma.
N Engí J Med, 300 (1979), pp. 633-637
[5.]
M.M. Cloutier, G.M. Loughiin.
Chronic cough in children: a manifestation of airway hyperreactivity.
Pediatrics, 67 (1981), pp. 6-12
[6.]
P.J. Hannaway, G.D. Hopper.
Cough variant asthma in children.
JAMA, 247 (1982), pp. 206-209
[7.]
P. König.
Hidden asthma in childhood.
Am J Dis Child, 135 (1981), pp. 1.053
[8.]
R.F. Sacha, N.F. Tremblay, R.L. Jacobs.
Chronic cough, sinusitis, and hiperreactive airways in children: and often overlooked association.
Ann Allergy, 54 (1985), pp. 195-198
[9.]
L.D. Holinger.
Chronic cough in infants and children.
Laryngoscope, 96 (1986), pp. 316-323
[10.]
L.D. Holinger, A.D. Sanders.
Chronic cough in infants and children.
An update. Laryngoseope, 101 (1991), pp. 596-605
[11.]
R. Spelman.
Two-year up of the management of chronic or recurrent cough in children according to an asthma protocol.
Br J Gen Pract, 41 (1991), pp. 406-409
[12.]
R.H. Poe, R.V. Harder, R.H. Israel, M.C. Kallay.
Chronic persistent cough: experience in diagnosis and outcome using an anatomic diagnostic protocol.
Chest, 95 (1989), pp. 723-728
[13.]
R.S. Irwin, W.M. Corrao, M.R. Pratter.
Chronic persistent cough in the adult; the spectrum and frequency of causes and succesful outcome of specific therapy.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 123 (1981), pp. 413-417
[14.]
R.S. Irwin, F.J. Curley, C.L. French.
Chronie cough: the spectrum and frequency of causes, key components of the diagnostic evaluation, and outcome of specific therapy.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 141 (1990), pp. 640-647
[15.]
J. Sanchis Aldás, P. Casan Ciará, J. Castillo Gómez, N. González Mangado, L. Palenciano Ballesteros, J. Roca Torrent.
Normativa para la práctica de la espirometría forzada.
Arch Bronconeumol, 25 (1989), pp. 132-142
[16.]
A. Valencia Rodríguez, P. Casan Ciará, M. Díaz Fernández, M. Perpiñá Tordera, M.D. Sebastián Gil.
Normativa para los tests de provocación bronquial inespecffiea.
Arch Bronconeumol, 27 (1991), pp. 353-361
[17.]
S.S. Braman, W.M. Corrao.
Cough; differential diagnosis and treatment.
Clin Chest Med, 8 (1987), pp. 177-188
[18.]
A. Frans, J. Van Den Eeckhaut.
Cough as the solé manifestation of airway hypcrreactivity.
J Laryngol Otol, 103 (1989), pp. 680-682
[19.]
J.J. Reisman, G.J. Canny, H. Levison.
The approach to chronic cough inchildhood.
Ann Allergy, 61 (1988), pp. 163-169
[20.]
D.S. Postilla, G.H. Koëter, K. De Vries.
Clinical expression of airway hyperreactivity in adults.
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, 7 (1989), pp. 321-343
[21.]
M.R. Pralter, T. Bartter, S. Akers, J. Du Bois.
An algorithmic approach lo chronic cough.
Ann Intern Med, 119 (1993), pp. 977-983
[22.]
R.S. Irwin, F.J. Curley, F.M. Bennett.
Appropiate use of antitussives and protussives: a practical review.
Drugs, 46 (1993), pp. 80-91
[23.]
J.I. Du Toit, A.J. Woolcock, C.M. Salome, J.L. Sandrum.
Characteristic of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in smokers with chronic airflow limitation.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 134 (1986), pp. 498-501
[24.]
W.J. Stcvcns, P.A. Vermeire.
Bronchial responsiveness to histamine and allcrgcn in patients with asthma. rhinitis. cough.
Eur J Respir Dis, 161 (1980), pp. 203-212
[25.]
P.M. Frccdman, B. Ault.
Bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine in tarmers lung diseases.
J Allergy Clin Immunol, 67 (1981), pp. 59-63
[26.]
C.M. Mellis, H. Levison.
Bronchial reactivily in cystic fibrosis.
Pediatrics, 61 (1978), pp. 446-450
[27.]
M. Olafsson, B.G. Simonson, S.B. Hansson.
Bronchial reactivity in patients with recent pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Thorax, 40 (1985), pp. 51-53
[28.]
D.L. Simpson, M. Goodman, S.L. Spector, T.L. Pelly.
Long-term follow-up and bronchial reactivity testing in survivors of the adull respiratory distrees .syndrome.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 177 (1978), pp. 449-454
[29.]
P.D. Snashall, K.F. Chung.
Airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in left ventricular failure and mitral stenosis.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 144 (1991), pp. 945-956
[30.]
D.W. Empey, L.A. Laitinen, L. Jacobs, W.M. Gold, J.A. Nadel.
Mechanisms of bronchial hyperreactivity in normal subjects after upper respiratory tract infection.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 113 (1976), pp. 131-139
[31.]
M. Galdes-Sebaldt, F.J. Me Laughiin, H. Levison.
Comparison of cold air, ultrasonic mist. and metacholinc inhalations as test of bronchial reactivity in normal and asthmatic children.
J Pediatr, 107 (1985), pp. 526-530
[32.]
Y.Y. Koh, S.A. Chae, K.U. Min.
Cough variant asthma is associated with a highcr wheezing threshold than classic asthma.
Clin Exp Allergy, 23 (1993), pp. 697-701
Copyright © 1998. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica