Article information
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
C. Roussos.
Respiratory muscle fatigue in hypercapnic patients.
Bull Eur Physiol Pathol Respir, 15 (1979), pp. 117-123
[2.]
A. De Troyer, M. Estenne.
Functional anatomy of the respiratory muscles.
Clin Chest Med, 9 (1988), pp. 175-193
[3.]
G.C. Sieck.
Diaphragm muscle: structural and functional organization.
Clin Chest Med, 9 (1988), pp. 195-210
[4.]
R.E. Burke, D.N. Levine, F.E. Zajac.
Mammalian motor units.
Physiological-histochemical correlation in three types in cat gastrocnemius. Science, 174 (1971), pp. 709-712
[5.]
M.H. Brooke, K.K. Kaiser.
Muscle fiber type: how many and what kind?.
Arch Neurol, 23 (1970), pp. 369-379
[6.]
J.V. Peter, R.J. Barnard, V.R. Edgerton.
Metabolic profiles of three types of skeletal muscle in guinea pigs and rabbits.
Biochemistry, 11 (1972), pp. 2627-2633
[7.]
H.J. Green, H. Reichman, D. Pette.
Inter and intraspecies comparisons of fiber type distribution and of succinate dehydrogenase activity intype I.
IIA and IIB fibers of mammalian diaphragm. Histochemistry, 81 (1984), pp. 67-73
[8.]
M.A. Jonhson, J. Polgar, D. Weightman.
Data on the distribution of fiber type in 31 human muscles.
An autopsy study. J Neurol Sci, 18 (1973), pp. 111-129
[9.]
G.C. Sieck, M. Fournier.
Contractile and fatigue properties of diaphragm motor units.
Respiratory muscles and their neuromotor control, pp. 227-237
[10.]
D.F. Rochester.
The Respiratory muscles in COPD.
State of the art. Chest, 85 (1984), pp. 47S-50S
[11.]
J.T. Sharp, J. Danon, W.S. Druz.
Respiratory muscle function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 110 (1974), pp. 154-167
[12.]
C.S. Roussos, P.T. Macklem.
Diaphragmatic fatigue in man.
J Appl Physiol, 43 (1977), pp. 189-197
[13.]
F. Bellemare, A. Grassino.
Effect of pressure and timing of contraction on human diaphragm fatigue.
J Appl Physiol, 53 (1982), pp. 1190-1195
[14.]
M.J. Tobin, T.S. Chada, G. Jenouri, et al.
Breathing patterns 2.
Diseased subjects. Chest, 84 (1983), pp. 286-294
[15.]
D.F. Rochester, N.S. Arora.
Respiratory muscle failure.
Med Clin North Am, 67 (1983), pp. 573-599
[16.]
J. Derenne, P.T. Macklem, C.H. Roussos.
The respiratory muscles: mechanics, control and pathophysiology.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 118 (1979), pp. 119-133
[18.]
P.T. Macklem, D.M. Macklem, A. De Troyer.
A model of inspiratory muscles mechanics.
J Appl Physiol, 55 (1983), pp. 547-557
[19.]
T. Similowski, S. Yan, A.P. Gauthier.
Contractile properties of the human diaphragm during chronic hyperinflation.
N Engl J Med, 325 (1991), pp. 917-923
[20.]
D.F. Rochester.
The diaphragm in COPD, Better than expected, but not good enough.
N Engl J Med, 325 (1991), pp. 961-962
[21.]
N.S. Arora, D.F. Rochester.
Effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in diaphragm muscle dimensions.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 123 (1981), pp. 176
[22.]
J.A. Campbell, R.L. Hughes, V. Sahgal.
Alterations in intercostal muscle morphology and biochemistry in patients with obstructive lung disease.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 122 (1980), pp. 679-686
[23.]
E. Fiaccadori, S. Del Canale, P. Vitali.
Skeletal muscle energetics, acid-base equilibrium and lactate metabolism in patients with severe hypercapnia and hypoxemia.
Chest, 92 (1987), pp. 883-887
[24.]
E. Fiaccadori, E. Coffrini, P. Vitali.
Phosphorus deplection in limb and respiratory muscles of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a preliminary report.
Chronic pulmonary hyperinflation, pp. 112-117
[25.]
Ch Roussos, P.T. Macklem.
The respiratory muscles.
N Engl J Med, 307 (1982), pp. 786-797
[26.]
J. Jardim, G. Farkas, C. Prefaut, D. Thomas, P.T. Macklem, Ch. Roussos.
The failing inspiratory muscles under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 124 (1981), pp. 274-279
[27.]
P.T.P. Bye, S.A. Esau, R.D. Levy.
Ventilatory muscle function during exercise in air and oxigen in patients with chronic air-flow limitation.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 132 (1985), pp. 236-240
[28.]
G. Juan, D. Calverly, C. Talamo.
Effect of carbon dioxide on diaphragmatic function in human being.
N Engl J Med, 310 (1984), pp. 874-879
[29.]
D.F. Rochester.
Respiratory muscle weakness, pattern of breathing, and CO2 retention in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 143 (1991), pp. 901-903
[30.]
P. Begin, A. Grassino.
Inspiratory muscle disfunction and chronic hypercapnia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 143 (1991), pp. 905-912
[31.]
Ferreira IM, Brooks D, Lacasse Y, Goldstein RS. Nutritional support for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis. En prensa.
[32.]
Skeletal muscle disfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A statement of the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 159 (1999), pp. S2-S40
[33.]
M.C. Zattara-Hartmann, M. Badier, Ch Guillot, Ch Tomei, I. Jammes.
Maximal force and endurance to fatigue of respiratory and skeletal muscles in chronic hypoxemic patients: the effects of oxygen breathing.
Muscle Nerve, 18 (1995), pp. 495-502
[34.]
M.A. Babcock, B.D. Jonhson, D.F. Pegelow, O.E. Suman, D. Griffin, J.A. Dempsey.
Hypoxic effects on exercise-induced diaphragmatic fatigue in normal healthy humans.
J Appl Physiol, 78 (1995), pp. 82-92
[36.]
J.M. Lopes, M. Aubier, J. Jardim.
Effect of caffeine on skeletal muscle function before and after fatigue.
J Appl Physiol, 54 (1983), pp. 1303-1305
[37.]
G.S. Supinski, E.C. Deal, S.G. Kelson.
Comparison of the effects of aminophylline and cafeine on diaphragmatic contractility in man.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 130 (1984), pp. 429-433
[38.]
D.A. Jones, S. Howell, Ch. Roussos.
Low frequency fatigue in isolated skeletal muscles and the effects of metylxanthines.
Clin Sci, 63 (1982), pp. 161-167
[39.]
S. Sigrist, D. Thomas, S. Howeel.
The effect of aminophylline on inspiratory muscle contractility.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 126 (1982), pp. 46-50
[40.]
M. Aubier, A. De Troyer, M. Sampson.
Aminophylline improves diaphragm contractility.
N Engl J Med, 50 (1981), pp. 538-544
[41.]
D. Murciano, M. Aubier, N. Viires.
Effects of theophylline and emprofylline on diaphragmatic contractility.
J Appl Physiol, 63 (1987), pp. 51-57
[42.]
A.P. Gauthier, S. Yan, P. Sliwinsli, P.T. Macklem.
Effects of fatigue, fiber length and aminophylline on human diaphragm contractility.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 152 (1995), pp. 204-210
[43.]
D. Murciano, M. Aubier, Y. Lecocguic.
Effects of theophylline on diaphragmatic strength and fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
N Engl J Med, 311 (1984), pp. 349-353
[44.]
T. Ide, D.G. Nichols, J.R. Buck, S.M. Eleff, J.L. Robothan, R.S. Fitzgerald, R.J. Traystman.
Effect of aminophylline on high energy phosphate metabolism and fatigue in the diaphragm.
Anesthesiology, 83 (1995), pp. 557-567
[45.]
S. Howell, Ch. Roussos.
Isoproterenol and aminophylline improve contractility on fatigue canine diaphragm.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 129 (1984), pp. 118-124
[46.]
M. Aubier, N. Viires, D. Murciano.
Affects and mecchanisms of action of terbutaline on diaphragmatic contractility and fatigue.
J Appl Physiol, 56 (1984), pp. 922-929
[47.]
Y. Fuji, H. Toyooka, K. Amaha.
Amrinone improves contractility of fatigued diaphragm in dogs.
Can J Anaesth, 42 (1995), pp. 80-86
[48.]
M. Aubier, D. Murciano, N. Viires.
Effect of digoxin on diaphragmatic strength generation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during acute respiratory failure.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 135 (1987), pp. 544-548
[49.]
P.T. Díaz, E. Brownstein, T.L. Clanton.
Effects of N-acetylcysteine on in vitro diaphragm function are temperature dependent.
J Appl Physiol, 77 (1994), pp. 2434-2439
[50.]
F.A. Khawly, M.B. Reid.
N-acetylcysteine depresses contractile function and inhibits fatigue of diaphragm in vitro.
J Appl Physiol, 77 (1994), pp. 317-324
[51.]
D.E. Leith, M. Bradley.
Ventilatory muscle strength and endurance training.
J Appl Physiol, 41 (1976), pp. 508-516
[52.]
J.B. Andersen, L. Dragsted, T. Kann.
Resistive breathing training in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A pilot study.
Scand J Respir Dis, 60 (1979), pp. 151-156
[53.]
M. Belman, C. Mittman.
Ventilatory muscle training improves exercise capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 121 (1989), pp. 273-280
[54.]
J.A. Faulkner.
Structural and functional adaptations of skeletal muscle.
The thorax, pp. 1324-1352
[55.]
S.R. Akabas, A.R. Bazzy, S. DiMauro, et al.
Metabolic and functional adaptation of the diaphragm to training with resistive loads.
J Appl Physiol, 66 (1989), pp. 529-535
[56.]
K.J. Killian, E.J.M. Campbell.
Dyspnea.
The thorax (part B), pp. 787-788
[57.]
R.L. Pardy, W.D. Reid, M.J. Belman.
Respiratory muscle training.
Clin Chest Med, 9 (1988), pp. 287-296
[58.]
N.M.T.M. Braun, J. Faulkner, R.L. Hughes.
When should respiratory muscles be exercised?.
Chest, 84 (1983), pp. 76-84
[59.]
A. Grassino.
Inspiratory muscle training in COPD patients.
Eur Respir J, 2 (1989), pp. 581S-586S
[60.]
F. Cobelli, N. Ambrosino, C. Opasich, et al.
Pulmonary hemodynamics during resistive load breathing in chronic obstructive lung disease.
Current topics in rehabilitation: Pathophysiology and treatment of pulmonary circulation,
[61.]
B. Celli, J. Rassulo.
Ventilatory muscle training decreases exercise dyspnoea but may induce ventilatory failure in severe COPD.
Eur Resp J, 6 (1993), pp. 255S
[62.]
C. Rampulla, N. Ambrosino.
Inspiratory muscle training and rest in COPD patients.
Eur Respir Rev, 1 (1991), pp. 490-497
[63.]
T.L. Clanton, G.F. Dixon, J. Drake.
Effects of breathing pattern on inspiratory muscle endurance in humans.
J Appl Physiol, 59 (1985), pp. 1834-1841
[64.]
T.L. Clanton, G. Dixon, J. Drake.
Inspiratory muscle conditioning using a treshold loading device.
Chest, 87 (1985), pp. 62-66
[65.]
M.J. Belman, S.G. Thomas, M.I. Lewis.
Resistive breathing training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Chest, 90 (1986), pp. 662-669
[66.]
M.J. Belman, R. Shadmehr.
A target feedback device for ventilatory muscle training.
J Clin Monit, 7 (1991), pp. 42-48
[67.]
M.J. Belman, R. Shadmer.
Targeted resistive ventilatory muscle training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
J Appl Physiol, 65 (1988), pp. 2726-2735
[68.]
M. Larson, M.J. Kim.
Respiratory muscle training with the incentive spirometer resistive breathing device.
Heart Lung, 13 (1984), pp. 341-345
[69.]
J.B. Galdiz, V. Bustamante, L.A. Ruiz, J. Pascal, V. Cabriada, C. Estirado.
Long term efectivity of inspiratory muscle in COPD patients.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 155 (1997), pp. A197
[70.]
C. Lisboa, V. Muñoz, T. Beroiza, A. Leiva, E. Cruz.
Inspiratory muscle training in chronic airflow limitation, Comparison of two different training loads with a threshold device.
Eur Respir J, 7 (1994), pp. 1266-1274
[71.]
C. Villafranca, G. Borzone, A. Leiva, C. Lisboa.
Effect of inspiratory muscle training with an intermediate load on inspiratory power output in COPD.
Eur Respir J, 11 (1998), pp. 28-33
[72.]
P. De Lucas, J.M. Rodríguez, J. García de Pedro, A. Santacruz, E. Tatay, J.M. Cubillo.
Entrenamiento de los músculos inspiratorios en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, Su impacto sobre las alteraciones funcionales y sobre la tolerancia al ejercicio.
Arch Bronconeumol, 34 (1998), pp. 67-70
[73.]
Pulmonary rehabilitation.
Joint ACCP/AACVPR Evidence-Based guidelines.
Chest, 112 (1997), pp. 1363-1396
[74.]
Y. Lacasse, G.H. Guyatt, R.S. Goldstein.
The components of a respiratory rehabilitation program. A systematic overview.
Chest, 111 (1997), pp. 1077-1088
[75.]
K. Smith, D. Cook, G. Guyatt, J. Madhavan, A. Oxman.
Respiratory muscle training in chronic airflow limitation: a meta-analysis.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 145 (1992), pp. 533-539
[76.]
R.L. Pardy, R.N. Rivington, P.J. Despas.
Inspiratory muscle training compared with physiotherapy in patients with chronic airflow limitation.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 123 (1981), pp. 421-425
[77.]
J.L. Mc Keon, J. Turner, C. Kelly.
The effect of inspiratory resistive training on exercise capacity in optimally treated patients with severe chronic airflow limitation.
Aust NZ J Med, 16 (1986), pp. 648-652
[78.]
R. Goldstein, J. De-Rosie, S. Long.
Applicability of a treshold loading device for inspiratory muscle testing and training in patients with COPD.
Chest, 96 (1989), pp. 564-571
[79.]
N. Ambrossino, P.L. Paggiaro, M.G. Roselli.
Failure of resistive breathing training to improve pulmonary function test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Respiration, 45 (1984), pp. 455-459
[80.]
H. Chen, R. Dukes, B.J. Martin.
Inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 131 (1985), pp. 251-255
[81.]
G. Guyatt, J. Keller, J. Singer, S. Halcrow, M. Newhouse.
Controlled trial of respiratory muscle training in chronic airflow limitation.
Thorax, 47 (1992), pp. 598-602
[82.]
P. Falk, A.M. Eriksen, K. Kolliker.
Relieving dyspnea with an inexpensive and simple method in patients with severe chronic airflow limitation.
Eur J Respir Dis, 66 (1985), pp. 181-186
[83.]
A. Harver, D.A. Mahler, J.A. Daubenspeck.
Targeted inspiratory muscle training improves respiratory muscle function and reduces dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Ann Intern Med, 111 (1989), pp. 117-124
[84.]
J. Killian, N.L. Jones.
Respiratory muscles and dyspnea.
Clin Chest Med, 9 (1988), pp. 237-248
[85.]
D.A. Mahler, A. Harver.
A factor analysis of dyspnea ratings, respiratory muscle strength, and lung function in patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 145 (1992), pp. 467-470
[86.]
A. Patessio, C. Rampulla, C. Frachia.
Relationship between the perception of breathlessness and inspiratory resistive loading: report on a clinical trial.
Eur Respir J, 2 (1989), pp. 587S-591S
[87.]
C. Rampulla, S. Baiocchi, E. Dacosto.
Dyspnea on exercise, Pathophysiologic mechanisms.
Chest, 101 (1992), pp. 248S-252S
[88.]
F. Madsen, N.H. Secher, L. Kay, A. Kok-Jensen, N. Rube.
Inspiratory resistance versus general physicial training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Eur J Respir Dis, 67 (1985), pp. 167-176
[89.]
A. Noseda, J.P. Carpiaux, W. Vandeput, T. Progogine, J. Schmerber.
Resistive inspiratory muscle training and exercise performance in COPD patients. A comparative study with conventional breathing retraining.
Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir, 23 (1987), pp. 457-463
[90.]
M.G. Flynn, C.E. Barter, J.C. Nosworthy, J.J. Pretto, P.D. Rochford, R.J. Pierce.
Threshold pressure training, breathing pattern, and exercise performance in chronic airflow obstruction.
Chest, 95 (1989), pp. 535-540
[91.]
S. Levine, P. Weiser, J. Gillen.
Evaluation of a ventilatory muscle endurance training program in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 133 (1986), pp. 400-406
[92.]
P.R. Dekhuitjzen, H.T. Folgering, C.L. Van Herwaarden.
Target- Flow inspiratory muscle training during pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD.
Chest, 99 (1991), pp. 128-133
[93.]
L.J. Sonne, J.A. Davis.
Increased exercise performance in patients with severe COPD following inspiratory resistive training.
Chest, 81 (1982), pp. 436-439
[94.]
J.L. Larson, M.J. Kim, J.T. Sharp, D.A. Larson.
Inspiratory muscle training with a pressure threshold breathing device in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 138 (1988), pp. 689-696
[95.]
P. Weiner, Y. Azgad, R. Ganam.
Inspiratory muscle training combined with general exercise reconditioning in patients with COPD.
Chest, 102 (1992), pp. 1351-1356
[96.]
Th Wanke, D. Formanek, H. Lahrman, H. Brath, M. Wild, Ch Wagner, et al.
Effects of combined inspiratory muscle and cycle ergometer training on exercise performance in patients with COPD.
Eur Respir J, 7 (1994), pp. 2205-2211
[97.]
S.H. Shapiro, P. Erns, D.K. Gray, J.G. Martin, D.S. Wood, A. Beaupre, et al.
Effect of negative pressure ventilation in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Lancet, 340 (1992), pp. 1425-1429
[98.]
M.W. Elliot, D.A. Mulvey, J. Moxham, M. Green, M.A. Branthwaite.
Domicilary nocturnal nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in COPD: mechanisms underlying changes in arterial blood gas tensions.
Eur Respir J, 4 (1991), pp. 1044-1052
[99.]
D.J. Meechan Jones, E.A. Paul, P.W. Jones, J.A. Wedzicha.
Nasal pressure support ventilation plus oxygen compared with oxygen therapy alone in hypercapnic COPD.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 152 (1995), pp. 538-544
[100.]
C.H. Lin.
Comparison between nocturnal nasal positive pressure ventilation combined with oxygen therapy and oxygen monotherapy in patients with severe COPD.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 154 (1996), pp. 353-358
[101.]
J.A. Wedzicha, D.J. Meecham Jones.
Domiciliary ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: where we are?.
Thorax, 51 (1996), pp. 455-457
Copyright © 2000. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
