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Vol. 34. Issue 7.
Pages 323-328 (July - August 1998)
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Vol. 34. Issue 7.
Pages 323-328 (July - August 1998)
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Prevención del tabaquismo en la escuela: resultados de un programa realizado durante 3 años
School smoking prevention: results of a 3 years longitudinal study
Visits
4652
M. Barrueco
,1
Corresponding author
mibafe@gugu.usal.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Universitario. P.° de San Vicente, 58-182. 37007 Salamanca.
, M.C. Rodríguez*
* Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Universitario Salamanca y Centro de Salud de Vitigudino. Salamanca
M. Vicente, J.L. Garavís, J. García, A. Blanco
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El tabaquismo es el problema de salud más importante en la edad escolar. Su prevención mediante la educación para la salud es una actividad que debería ser asumida por todos los miembros de la comunidad escolar y el personal sanitario (especialmente, médicos de familia y neumólogos).

Hemos disñado un programa de intervención contra el tabaco de 3 años de duración y que afecta a todos los escolares de sexto, séptimo y octavo de EGB, primero y segundo de BUP y COU de los centros escolares de una zona rural de Salamanca. El estudio recoge las actitudes de los alumnos: 610 estudiantes (256 alumnos y 354 alumnas, entre 11 y 20 años) al finalizar el programa.

El 59,4% de los alumnos y el 44,1% de las alumnas han fumado en alguna ocasión. La edad media del primer contacto con el tabaco fue de 11,8±2,4 años, siendo significativamente inferior (p<0,001) en los alumnos que en las alumnas. Los principales motivos de iniciación fueron que otros amigos fumasen (57,1%) y la curiosidad (55,5%). EI tabaquismo familiar sólo fue referido por el 29,5%. El conocimiento de la enfermedad derivada del tabaco es limitado v únicamente el 57% Io relaciona con el cáncer de pulmón y el 41% con el infarto. A la finalización del programa fuma el 13,6% de la población escolar. El 93,9% de los que han dejado de fumar relaciona este hecho con la realización del programa. De los fumadores actuales, el 63,6% manifiesta que le gustaría dejar de fumar y este hecho justifica la necesidad de continuar reforzando los conocimientos que les permitan cambiar de actitud y abstenerse de fumar.

Estos programas son útiles para disminuir la prevalencia del tabaquismo entre los escolares. Si un adolescente sabe evitar el tabaco es poco probable que de adulto sea fumador.

Palabras clave:
Escuela
Prevención del tabaquismo
Neumólogos

Tobacco use poses one of the greatest health problems at school. Its prevention through health education should be assumed up by all members of the school community and health personnel (especiallly family and respiratory physicians).

We designed an anti-tobacco program lasting three years aimed at all the students of the 6th, 7th and 8th grades at school as well as those in the pre-university years that was implemented in a rural area. This study reports the results of the attitudes of the 610 students (256 boys and 354 girls, between 11 and 20 years old) collected at the end of the program.

59.4% of the boys and 44.1% of the girls reported having smoked on some occasion. The mean age at the time of the first contact with tobacco was 11.8±2.4 years, this being significantly different between the boys and the girls. The main reasons for starting to smoke tobacco were quoted as peer pressure (57.1%) and curiosity (55.5%). That their parents smoked was only adduced as a reason by 29.5% of the students. Knowledge of the harmful effects of tobacco was limited and only 57% related tobacco smoking to lung cancer and only 41% to coronary pathology. At the end of the program 13.6% of the students involved smoked. 93.9% of those who quit smoking related this event to the program. Of those still smoking, 63.6% said they would like to quit. This justifies the need to reinforce the knowledge that will allow them to switch attitudes and stop smoking.

Intervention programs in school populations have proved to be useful in the struggle to decrease smoking among school children. If an adolescent can avoid smoking it is likely that s/he will not smoke in adulthood. It is necessary to further develop this type of anti-tobacco program as reflected in this paper.

Key words:
School
Smoking prevention
Respiratory physicians
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