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Vol. 33. Issue 5.
Pages 235-239 (May 1997)
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Vol. 33. Issue 5.
Pages 235-239 (May 1997)
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Evaluación de la compliancia vascular pulmonar mediante prueba de esfuerzo con dobutamina en pacientes candidatos a resecciones pulmonares amplias
Assessment of pulmonary vascular compliance during stress testing with dobutamine in extensive lung resection candidates
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M.V. Rubia, F. Gandía*
Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Valladolid
J.L. Duquea
a Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Valladolid
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Este estudio pretende evaluar la utilidad de la prueba con dobutamina para el estudio de la compliancia vascular pulmonar en pacientes con neoplasia de pulmón y alto riesgo quirúrgico que precisaban resecciones pulmonares amplias.

Estudio descriptivo prospectivo, en el que se estudiaron 17 pacientes consecutivos que cumplían alguno de los siguientes criterios de inclusión: FEV1 < 60% del valor teórico, FVC < 65%, volumen residual > 130%, FEV1 predictivo postoperatorio < 1.000ml o PaO2 respirando aire ambiente < 70mmHg.

Se practicó cateterización derecha con catéter de Swan-Ganz 24h antes de la intervención quirúrgica, recogiéndose los siguientes datos: frecuencia cardíaca (FC), presión media de arteria pulmonar (PAP), gasto cardíaco (GC), resistencias vasculares pulmonares (RVP) y gasometría arterial. Las mediciones fueron obtenidas de acuerdo con el siguiente protocolo: a) con el paciente en reposo respirando aire ambiente; b) tras la infusión de dobutamina a 10μg/kg/min; c) 30 min después de respirar O2 al 50%, y d) a las 24h de la intervención.

De los 17 pacientes estudiados, 11 fueron neumonectomizados (5 neumonías izquierdas y seis derechas), en 3 pacientes se realizó bilobectomía, y en dos con neumonectomía previa se realizaron segmentectomía y lobectomía, respectivamente. Uno de los pacientes no fue intervenido al presentar una PAP basal superior a 34 mmHg que no descendió tras la administración de oxígeno.

La administración de dobutamina produjo un incremento significativo en el GC (p < 0,001) y en la PAP (p < 0,05), con un descenso significativo de las RVP (p < 0,05), que indicaría una buena reserva vascular pulmonar en nuestro grupo de pacientes. Ninguno presentó complicaciones graves en el postoperatorio y todos fueron dados de alta del hospital. No hubo complicaciones derivadas de la perfusión de dobutamina.

En conclusión, el estudio de la función vascular pulmonar con dobutamina en pacientes de alto riesgo que van a ser sometidos a resecciones pulmonares amplias puede ser un método sencillo para evaluar preoperatoriamente la compliancia vascular pulmonar, aunque queda por determinar su posible utilidad.

Palabras clave:
Resecciones pulmonares
Test de dobutamina
Evaluación preoperatoria

This prospective descriptive study evaluated the utility of dobutamine in studying pulmonary vascular compliance in patients with lung neoplasms who are high risk candidates for lung resection.

Seventeen consecutive patients meeting one of the following inclusion criteria were enrolled: FEV1 < 60% of theoretical value, FVC < 65%, residual volume > 130%, post-operative predictive FEV1 < 1,000ml or PaO2 < 70mmHg breathing room air.

A Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted in the right side 24h before surgery. The following data were recorded: heart rate (HR), mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), cardiac output, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and arterial blood gas readings. Measurements were taken as follows: a) with the patient at rest breathing room air; b) after infusion of dobutamine 10μg/kg/min; c) 30 min after breathing room air, and d) after surgery.

Eleven of the 17 patients underwent pneumonectomy (5 left sided and 6 right sided). Bi-lobectomy was performed in 3 patients, segmentectomy was performed in 1 and lobectomy in 1. One patient did not undergo surgery because PAP was over 34mmHg at baseline and did not decrease after oxygen administration.

Dobutamine administration was associated with a significant increase in cardiac output (p < 0.001) and PAP (p < 0.05), with a significant decrease in PVR (p < 0.05), indicating good pulmonary vascular reserve in our cohort. No patient suffered serious complications in the postoperative period and all were released from the hospital. There were no complications related to dobutamine perfusion.

We conclude that the study of pulmonary vascular function with dobutamine in high risk candidates for extensive lung resection may be a simple method for evaluating pulmonary vascular compliance before surgery, although its possible use fulness still remains to be determined.

Key words:
Extensive lung resections
Dobutamine test
Preoperatory evaluation
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Este trabajo ha sido realizado con una ayuda de investigación del Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Ministerio de Sanidad (n.° 92/0387).

Copyright © 1997. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
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