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Vol. 32. Issue 8.
Pages 427-429 (October 1996)
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Vol. 32. Issue 8.
Pages 427-429 (October 1996)
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Derrame pleural como forma de inicio de la artritis reumatoide. Diagnóstico citológico
Pleural effusion as the initial sign of rheumatoid arthritis. Diagnosis by cytology
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J. Fernández-Muixí1, F. Vidal, L. Torre, C. Richart
Servicios de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Tarragona Joan XXIII. Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Rovira i Virgili. Tarragona
S. Razquín*
* Servicios de Anatomía Patológica. Hospital de Tarragona Joan XXIII. Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Rovira i Virgili. Tarragona
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Una paciente de 24 años, sin antecedentes de interés, presentó un derrame pleural (DP) derecho importante. El estudio bioquímico del líquido pleural mostró un exudado estéril con nivel bajo de glucosa. Los estudios complementarios no determinaron la etiología del mismo. El derrame fue drenado y la paciente fue dada de alta sin un diagnóstico específico. Nueve meses después recidivó el DP presentando las mismas características bioquímicas. El examen citologico del líquido pleural mostró la presencia de fondo necròtico amorfo y células gigantes multinucleadas. Estos 2 componentes son parte de la tríada patognomónica de los DP reumatoides, junto con los histiocitos fusiformes. Las características bioquímicas del líquido pleural sugerían el diagnóstico, y el examen citologico del mismo lo confirmó, siendo diagnosticada de DP reumatoide. Se realizó tratamiento corticoide con mejoría espectacular. Al disminuir la dosis del mismo, presentó manifestaciones articulares reumatoides. Se debe considerar a la artritis reumatoide como causa de DP inexplicado y debe buscarse el diagnóstico mediante el estudio citologico del líquido pleural.

Palabras clave:
Artrítis reumatoide
Derrame pleural
Citología

A 24-year-old woman with an unremarkable history presented with a large right-sided pleural effusion. Analysis of the pleural fluid showed a sterile exudate with a low sugar level. Complementary analyses were unable to pinpoint the etiology. The effusion was drained and the patient was released with no specific diagnosis. Nine months later the effusion recurred and the initial laboratory analyses were the same. Pleural fluid cytology revealed the presence of an amorphous necrotic background and non-small cells with multiple nuclei, two signs that constitute part of the pathognomonic triad of rheumatoid pleural effusions, the third characteristic beign fusiform histocytes. The biochemical characteristics of the pleural fluid thus suggested rheumatoid pleural effusion, and cytology confirmed the diagnosis. Corticoid therapy effected spectacular recovery, but when the dose was reduced, rheumatoid symptoms presented in the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis should be considered as a possible explanation for unexplained pleural effusion. Cytology must be used for diagnosis.

Key words:
Rheumatoid arthritis
Pleural effusion
Cytology
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Copyright © 1996. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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