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Vol. 32. Issue 8.
Pages 388-393 (October 1996)
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Vol. 32. Issue 8.
Pages 388-393 (October 1996)
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Broncoplastias en tumores broncopulmonares. Revisión de cincuenta casos
Bronchoplastic procedures for tumors of the lung and bronchi: 50 cases
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M. Casillas Pajuelo*, J.M. Rodríguez Paniagua, J. García Sánchez-Girón, P. Díaz-Agero Álvarez, J.L. Gil Alonso, J.J. Mafé Madueño, F.J. de la Cruz Lozano
Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid
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Las broncoplastias, en cirugía oncológica, son intervenciones cuya finalidad es extirpar el tumor, conservando la mayor cantidad de parénquima pulmonar y, en casos seleccionados, consiguen una supervivencia similar a las neumonectomías.

Presentamos una serie de 50 broncoplastias realizadas en 37 enfermos con carcinoma broncopulmonar, 12 con tumor carcinoide y uno con metástasis única pulmonar de un adenocarcinoma de colon.

Se realizaron 27 intervenciones sobre el lado derecho y 23 en el izquierdo, en 2 casos no se hizo resección de parénquima pulmonar. En 5 pacientes se realizó simultáneamente una plastia de la arteria pulmonar.

La mortalidad operatoria a 30 días fue del 2% (un paciente) y la supervivencia acumulativa a 5 años de los enfermos con carcinoma es del 47% calculada con el método de Kaplan-Meier. Sólo hemos obtenido una supervivencia de 37 meses en uno de los 8 enfermos con adenopatías mediastínicas positivas; en estos últimos se hizo tratamiento complementario con radioterapia.

En los tumores carcinoides la supervivencia es del 91,6%, estando en el momento actual todos vivos, excepto uno que falleció por una diverticulosis intestinal.

El paciente operado de metástasis vive 12 años después de la cirugía. En 17 pacientes hemos realizado estudios funcionales espirométricos transcurrido un año desde la intervención y estudio de ventilación-perfusión de 13 de ellos, observando una discreta pérdida de la capacidad vital forzada y del volumen espiratorio máximo en un segundo, con una correlación normal de la ventilación-perfusión en el parénquima conservado.

Las técnicas broncoplásticas son el tratamiento de elección en tumores endobronquiales de bajo grado de malignidad y son un procedimiento quirúrgico eficaz en un grupo seleccionado de carcinomas.

Palabras clave:
Cirugía
Broncoplastias
Carcinomas
Carcinoides
Estudio funcional

Bronchoplasty in oncological surgery is performed to remove a tumor while preserving most of the pulmonary parenchyma. Survival in selected patients is similar to survival after lung removal.

We report a series of 50 bronchoplastic procedures performed in 37 patients with bronchopulmonary cancer. Twelve had carcinoid tumors and 1 had single lung metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the colon. Twenty-seven operations were performed on the right side and 23 on the left. The pulmonary parenchyma was not resected in 2 patients. The pulmonary artery was also repaired in 5 patients.

Mortality at 30 days was 2% (1 patient) and survival at 5 years was 47% calculated according to the method of Kaplan-Meier. Survival was 37 months in only 1 of the 8 patients with mediastinal adenopathy, for whom complementary radiation therapy was provided.

Survival among the patients with carcinoid tumors is 91.6% to date, as all but 1 are alive at present. The single death was due to intestinal diverticulosis. The patient with metastasis is alive 12 years after surgery. Spirometric function tests were performed in 17 patients 1 year after surgery and ventilation perfusion was studied in 13. A slight loss of forced vital capacity and maximum expiratory volume in 1 second, while ventilation perfusion corresponding to the parenchyma preserved was normal.

Bronchoplasty is the treatment of choice for endobronchial tumors with low degrees of malignancy. Bronchoplasty is an effective surgical treatment for a select group of carcinomas.

Key words:
Surgery
Bronchoplasty
Carcinomas
Carcinoids
Function study
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Copyright © 1996. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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