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El omalizumab es un anticuerpo monoclonal que interrumpe la reacción alérgica, independientemente de cuál sea el alérgeno, bloqueando la inmunoglobulina E (IgE) libre, de forma que le impide unirse a sus receptores celulares y poner en marcha la cascada de mediadores de la inflamación alérgica. Además, presenta otros efectos biológicos de especial interés, como disminuir la expresión de los receptores de membrana para la IgE y la infiltración eosinófila bronquial. Los ensayos clínicos han demostrado su utilidad clínica en la mayoría de las enfermedades alérgicas, junto con una gran seguridad terapéutica. No obstante, su alto precio hace que se reserve para los casos de asma de mayor gravedad y mala respuesta al tratamiento convencional.
Palabras clave:
Asma
Anti-IgE
Omalizumab
Anticuerpos monoclonales
Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that interrupts allergic reaction—irrespective of the nature of the allergen—by blocking free immunoglobulin E (IgE). The IgE is thus prevented from attaching to cell receptors and setting in motion an allergic cascade of inflammatory mediators. Other interesting biological effects of omalizumab are that it downregulates IgE receptor expression on cell membranes and reduces bronchial eosinophilic infiltration. Clinical trials have demonstrated omalizumab's efficacy and safety in treating most allergic disorders. However, given its high cost, omalizumab is generally reserved for more severe cases of asthma and for asthma that responds poorly to conventional treatments.
Key words:
Asthma
Anti-immunoglobulin E
Omalizumab
Monoclonal antibodies
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