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Vol. 47. Issue S2.
Importancia de la vía aérea distal (vía aérea pequeña) en el asma y en la EPOC
Pages 27-31 (April 2011)
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Vol. 47. Issue S2.
Importancia de la vía aérea distal (vía aérea pequeña) en el asma y en la EPOC
Pages 27-31 (April 2011)
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Abordaje terapéutico de la vía aérea pequeña en el asma
Therapeutic approach to the distal airways in asthma
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Alfredo de Diego Damiáa,
Corresponding author
dediego_alf@gva.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, José María Vega Chicoteb
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, España
b Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, España
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Resumen

El asma bronquial es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que afecta tanto a las vías respiratorias de mayor calibre como a los bronquiolos de menor calibre. En los últimos años se ha producido un avance importante en la terapéutica con la aparición de nuevos sistemas de inhaladores en solución, que producen partículas extrafinas, consiguiendo un mejor depósito pulmonar en toda la vía aérea y disminuyendo el depósito orofaríngeo. Estas formulaciones han permitido una mayor eficacia en la broncodilatación pero, sobre todo, un mayor efecto antiinflamatorio. La utilización de esteroides y b2-adrenérgicos de acción prolongada en formulación extrafina, bien sea de forma aislada o en combinaciones de dosis fijas, mejora la distribución de los fármacos por todo el árbol bronquial, consiguiendo un mayor efecto terapéutico con menores dosis de fármacos. Los antagonistas de los receptores de los leucotrienos han demostrado su efecto sobre las vías aéreas pequeñas de los asmáticos, tanto en estudios de resistencia pulmonar y volúmenes pulmonares como utilizando técnicas de imagen.

Palabras clave:
Nuevos antiinflamatorios
Hidrofuoroalcano
Depósito pulmonar
Vía aérea pequeña
Asma
Abstract

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects both the large-caliber airways and the smaller-caliber bronchioles. In the last few years, a major therapeutic advance has been made with the development of new systems of inhalation solutions, which produce extra-fine particles, achieving better lung deposition throughout the airways and reducing oropharyngeal deposition. These formulations have improved the effectiveness of bronchodilation and particularly the antiinflammatory effect. The use of long-acting b2-adrenergic steroids in extra-fine formulation, whether alone or in combinations of fixed doses, improves drug distribution throughout the bronchial tree, enhancing the therapeutic effect with lower doses of drugs. Leukotriene receptor antagonists have shown their effect on the small airways in asthmatic patients, both in studies of pulmonary resistance and pulmonary volumes and in imaging studies.

Keywords:
New antiinflammatory agents
Hydrofluoroalkane
Lung deposition
Small airways
Asthma
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