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Vol. 36. Issue 11.
Pages 612-619 (December 2000)
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Vol. 36. Issue 11.
Pages 612-619 (December 2000)
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Videopericardioscopia: una nueva exploración para valorar la resecabilidad de los cánceres de pulmón cT4 por invasión vascular
Video-pericardioscopy: a new way to assess resectability of cT4 lung cancers by vascular invasion
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R. Jiménez Merchán, M. Congregado Loscertales, J.C. Girón Arjona, J.C. Arenas Linares, J. Ayarra Jarne, J. Loscertales
Corresponding author
jloscert@cica.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Cirugía General y Torácica, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena., Avda. Dr. Fedriani, 1. 41071 Sevilla.
Servicio de Cirugía General y Torácica (Prof. J. Loscertales). Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena. Sevilla
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Objetivos

Manifestar la utilidad de la exploración intrapericárdica de los vasos pulmonares por videotoracoscopia, para demostrar si su invasión sospechada en la tomografía axial computarizada o resonancia magnética es cierta o no.

Pacientes y método

Desde 1993 utilizamos la videotoracoscopia exploradora (VTE) como método de estadificación final y valoración de la resecabilidad en el cáncer de pulmón. La exploración vascular intrapericárdica (videopericardioscopia [VPC]) es el complemento para valorar la resecabilidad en casos cT4.

Hemos realizado 20 videopericardioscopias entre 460 videotoracoscopias exploradoras, ante la sospecha de invasión intrapericárdica de vasos pulmonares (19 varones, una mujer; edad media 64,6 años; rango 50-77). En 11 pacientes se sospechaba previamente por la tomografía axial computarizada la invasión hiliar y vascular; en los nueve restantes se comprobó esta invasión en la videotoracoscopia exploradora de valoración de la resecabilidad.

La videotoracoscopia exploradora-videopericardioscopia se realiza a través de tres puertas de entrada, ocasionalmente cuatro, por las que se exploran fácilmente los vasos intrapericárdicamente.

Resultados

Cinco casos fueron irresecables: cuatro por invasión de la arteria pulmonar hasta su origen y uno por gran invasión de venas pulmonares y aurícula izquierda. Los 15 restantes fueron resecables, y fueron operados por toracotomía posterolateral con disección y ligadura intrapericárdica de los vasos. Cinco de ellos habían sido considerados irresecables en otros hospitales por considerarlos cT4 avanzados en exploraciones de imagen.

El tiempo medio de duración de la videopericardioscopia fue de 23 min (rango 16-33); la estancia media postoperatoria, de 48 h en los no resecados, que fueron enviados al tercer día para terapia neoadyuvante. En estos casos sometidos sólo a videopericardioscopia no existieron complicaciones ni mortalidad, y se evitaron 5 toracotomías innecesarias.

Conclusiones

La videopericardioscopia permite la correcta estadificación del parámetro T, en aquellos casos en que se sospecha T4, evitando toracotomías innecesarias en los casos irresecables y permitiendo rescatar para cirugía casos dudosos en la tomografía axial computarizada o resonancia magnética.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de pulmón
Videotoracoscopia
Videopericardioscopia
Pericardioscopia
Objectives

To demonstrate the usefulness of intrapericardial inspection of pulmonary vessels by video assisted thoracoscopy (VAT), for determining whether suspicion indicated by computed axial tomography (CAT) or magnetic resonance (MR) scanning is justified or not.

Patients and method

Since 1993 we have used exploratory VAT for final staging and assessment of lung cancer resectability. Intrapericardial vascular exploration (IVE) is a complementary method of assessing resectability in cT4 cases.

We have performed 20 IVE among 460 VAT when intrapericardial involvement of pulmonary vessels has been suspected (19 men, 1 woman, mean age 64.6 years, range 50- 77). VAT demonstrated invasion for 11 patients with previous suspicion based on hilar and vascular invasion shown by CAT scan; in 9 others such involvement was found during IVE for assessing resectability.

VAT-IVE was performed through three or sometimes four entrance approaches, from which intrapericardial vessels were explored easily.

Results

Five cases were non-resectable: four due to invasion of the pulmonary artery to its point of origin and one due to extensive invasion of pulmonary veins and the left auricle. The remaining 15 cases were resectable and lesions were removed by posterolateral thoracotomy with intrapericardial dissection and ligature of the vessels. Five had been considered non-resectable by teams at other hospitals where they were classified as advanced cT4 cancers after imaging.

The mean duration of IVE was 23 minutes (range 16 to 33); mean postprocedural stay was 48 h in non-resected patients, who were sent for neoadjuvant therapy on the third day. These patients, who underwent only IVE, had no complications and there were no deaths, with five unnecessary thoracotomies avoided.

Conclusions

IVE allows correct staging of the T parameter in patients for whom T4 classification is suspected, avoiding unnecessary thoracotomies in non-resectable cases and allowing for surgical removal in cases where CAT or MR imaging results are unclear.

Key words:
Lung cancer
Video thoracoscopy
Fiberoptic pericardioscopy
Pericardioscopy
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Copyright © 2000. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
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