Journal Information
Vol. 38. Issue 8.
Pages 372-375 (August 2002)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 38. Issue 8.
Pages 372-375 (August 2002)
Full text access
Ventilación no invasiva en pacientes con encefalopatía hipercápnica grave en una sala de hospitalización convencional
Non-invasive ventilation in patients with severe hypercapnic encephalopathy in a conventional hospital ward
Visits
17309
Y. Dueñas-Pareja, S. López-Martín, J. García-García, R. Melchor, M.J. Rodríguez-Nieto, N. González-Mangado, G. Peces-Barba
Corresponding author
gpecesba@fjd.es

Correspondencia: Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Servicio de Neumología Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2. 28040 Madrid
Servicio de Neumología. Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Madrid
This item has received
Article information
Objetivo

Mostrar nuestra experiencia con la ventilación no invasiva (VNI) con doble nivel de presión (BIPAP) en una sala general de neumología en pacientes en estupor o coma hipercápnicos sin criterios de ingreso en unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI)

Material y métodos

Estudio prospectivo de 13 pacientes, edad media 81 años (límites, 65-96), 10 pacientes presentaban exacerbación de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) con volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (FEV1) medio en situación estable de 35,2 ± 14,6%, índice de Glasgow ingreso=7, tratados con VNI mediante mascarilla facial. Se realizaron controles gasométricos hasta la suspensión de la VNI

Resultados

Tras una media de ventilación de 19 ± 5 h/día en las primeras 48 h y posteriormente 6 ± 1 h/día hasta un promedio total de 74 ± 9 h, sobrevivieron 9 pacientes (69%). En este grupo los valores iniciales medios de pH y pCO2fueron de 7,17 ± 0,028 y 101 ± 9mmHg, respectivamente; de ellos en 7 casos (78%) se revirtió el coma en las primeras 48 h y se observó una mejoría significativa en el valor de pH en el control de las 12-24 h. Los valores medios al alta de pH y pCO2fueron 7,44 ± 0,013 y 54 ± 2,8mmHg, respectivamente. Fallecieron 4 pacientes, cuyos valores gasométricos iniciales o evolutivos hasta las primeras 12-24 h no presentaron diferencia significativa con el grupo de supervivientes

Conclusion

La aplicación de la VNI en una sala general de neumología puede constituir una alternativa a la intubación orotraqueal (IOT) en pacientes en situación de estupor o coma hipercápnicos que no cumplen criterios de ingreso en UCI

Palabras clave:
Ventilación no invasiva (VNI)
Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)
Estupor
Coma
Insuficiencia respiratoria aguda
Hipercapnia
Objective

To report our experience with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) at two levels of pressure (Bi-PAP) on a general respiratory medicine ward with patients in hypercapnic impaired consciousness and/or coma who had not previously been in an intensive care unit (ICU)

Methods

This was a prospective study of 13 patients, mean age 81 years (65-96), treated with NIV through a face mask. Ten had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with a mean FEV1 in stable condition of 35.2 ± 14.6%. Glasgow scores upon admission were=7. Arterial gases were monitored until suspension of NIV

Results

After NIV for a mean 19 ± 5 h/day in the first 48 hours and later of 6 ± 1 h/day until a total of 74 ± 9 h, 9 patients (69%) survived. The mean initial pH for these patients was 7.17 ± 0.028 and the mean initial pCO2 was 101 ± 9mm Hg. In 7 cases (78%), coma was reversed in the first 48 h and a significant improvement in pH was observed in the 12-24 h analysis. Mean pH upon discharge was 7.44 ± 0.013 and mean pCO2 was 54 ± 2.8mmHg. Four patients died, even though their initial or subsequent arterial gases at 12-24 h were not significantly different from those of the survivors

Conclusion

NIV on a general respiratory medicine ward can offer an alternative to orotracheal intubation for patients with hypercapnic impaired consciousness and/or coma who do not meet the criteria for admission to the ICU

Keywords:
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Impaired consciousness
Coma
Acute respiratory insufficiency
Hypercapnia
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
L. Brochard, D. Isabey, J. Piquet, P. Amaro, J. Mancebo, A.A. Messadi, et al.
Reversal of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease by inspiratory assitance with a face mask.
N Engl J Med, 323 (1990), pp. 1523-1530
[2.]
L. Bronchard, J. Mancebo, M. Wysocki, F. Lofaso, G. Conti, A. Rauss, et al.
Noninvasive Ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
N Engl J Med, 333 (1995), pp. 817-822
[3.]
N. Kramer, T.J. Meyer, J. Meharg, R.D. Cece, N.S. Hill.
Randomized, prospective trial of noninvasiva positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure.
Am J Respi Crit Care Med, 151 (1995), pp. 1799-1806
[4.]
T. Celikel, M. Sungur, B. Ceyhan, S. Karakurt.
Comparison of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation with standard medical therapy in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure.
Chest, 114 (1998), pp. 1636-1642
[5.]
M. Wysocki, L. Tric, M.A. Wolff.
Noninvasive pressure support ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. A randomized comparison with conventional therapy.
Chest, 107 (1995), pp. 761-768
[6.]
T.J. Martin, J.D. Hovis, J.P. Costantino, M.I. Bierman, M.P. Donahoe, R.M. Rogers, et al.
A randomized prospective evaluation of noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 161 (2000), pp. 807-813
[7.]
J. Bott, M.P. Carroll, J.H. Conway, S.E. Keilty, E.M. Ward, A.M. Brown, et al.
Randomised controlled trial of nasal ventilation in acute ventilatory failure due to chronic obstructive airways disease.
Lancet, 341 (1993), pp. 1555-1557
[8.]
F. Barbe, B. Togores, M. Rubi, S. Pons, A. Maimo, A.G.N. Agusti.
Noninvasive ventilatory support does not facilitate recovery from acute respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Eur Respir J, 9 (1996), pp. 1240-1245
[9.]
P.K. Plant, J.L. Owen, M.W. Elliott.
Early use of non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on general respiratory wards: a multicenter randomised controlled trial.
Lancet, 355 (2000), pp. 1931-1935
[10.]
A. Corrado, E. De Paola, M. Gorini, A. Messori, G. Giovanni Bruscoli, S. Nutini, et al.
Intermittent negative pressure ventilation in the treatment of hypoxic hypercapnic coma in chronic respiratory insufficiency.
Thorax, 51 (1996), pp. 1077-1082
[11.]
J.F. Solsona, G. Miro, M. Ferrer, L. Cabre, A. Torres.
Los criterios de ingreso en la UCI del paciente con enfermedad obstructiva crónica. Documento de consenso Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC), Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR).
Arch Bronconeumol, 37 (2001), pp. 335-339
[12.]
G. Teasdale.
Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale.
Lancet, 1 (1974), pp. 81-83
[13.]
D.A. Mahler, D.H. Weinberg, C.K. Wells, A.R. Feinstein.
The measurement of dyspnea: contents, interobserver aereement, and physiologic correlates of two new clinical indexes.
Ches, 85 (1984), pp. 751-758
[14.]
International Consensus Conferences in Intensive Care Medicine.
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 163 (2001), pp. 283-291
[15.]
G.W. Soo Hoo, D. Hakimian, S.M. Santiago.
Hypercapnic respiratory failure in CPD patients. Response to therapy.
Chest, 117 (2000), pp. 169-177
[16.]
A.A. Jeffrey, P.M. Warren, D.C. Flenley.
acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease: risk factors and use of guidelines for management.
Thorax, 47 (1992), pp. 34-40
[17.]
L.J. Kettel, C.F. Diener, J.O. Morse, H.F. Stein, B. Burrows.
Treatment of acute respiratory acidosis in chronic obstructive lung disease.
Jama, 217 (1971), pp. 1503-1508
[18.]
P.M. Warren, D.C. Flenley, J.S. Millar, A. Avery.
Respiratory failure revisited: acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis between 1961- 68 and 1970-76.
Lancet, 1 (1980), pp. 467-470
[19.]
P.K. Plant, J.L. Owen, M.W. Elliott.
Non-invasive ventilation in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: long term survival and predictors of in-hospital outcome.
Thorax, 56 (2001), pp. 708-712
Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?