array:23 [
  "pii" => "S1579212909724322"
  "issn" => "15792129"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(09)72432-2"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-07-01"
  "aid" => "72432"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2009"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2009;45:325-8"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2212
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 124
      "HTML" => 1444
      "PDF" => 644
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1579212909724334"
    "issn" => "15792129"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(09)72433-4"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-07-01"
    "aid" => "72433"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2009;45:330-4"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2667
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 99
        "HTML" => 1784
        "PDF" => 784
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Clinical and Polysomnographic Features of Rapid Eye Movement&#8211;Specific Sleep-Disordered Breathing"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "330"
          "paginaFinal" => "334"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y polisomnogr&#225;ficas del s&#237;ndrome de apneas durante el sue&#241;o localizado en la fase REM"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Francisco Campos-Rodr&#237;guez, Ana Fern&#225;ndez-Palac&#237;n, Nuria Reyes-N&#250;&#241;ez, &#193;ngela Reina-Gonz&#225;lez"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Francisco"
              "apellidos" => "Campos-Rodr&#237;guez"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ana"
              "apellidos" => "Fern&#225;ndez-Palac&#237;n"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Nuria"
              "apellidos" => "Reyes-N&#250;&#241;ez"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "&#193;ngela"
              "apellidos" => "Reina-Gonz&#225;lez"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212909724334?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/15792129/0000004500000007/v1_201305150425/S1579212909724334/v1_201305150425/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1579212909724310"
    "issn" => "15792129"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(09)72431-0"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-07-01"
    "aid" => "72431"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neumolog&#237;a y Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2009;45:320-4"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 3086
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 100
        "HTML" => 2113
        "PDF" => 873
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Measuring Breathing Pattern in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Electrical Impedance Tomography"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "320"
          "paginaFinal" => "324"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Medici&#243;n del patr&#243;n ventilatorio mediante tomograf&#237;a por impedancia el&#233;ctrica en pacientes con EPOC"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Marco Balleza, N&#250;ria Calaf, Teresa Feixas, Mercedes Gonz&#225;lez, Daniel Ant&#243;n, Pere J&#46; Riu, Pere Casan"
          "autores" => array:7 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Marco"
              "apellidos" => "Balleza"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "N&#250;ria"
              "apellidos" => "Calaf"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Teresa"
              "apellidos" => "Feixas"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mercedes"
              "apellidos" => "Gonz&#225;lez"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Daniel"
              "apellidos" => "Ant&#243;n"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Pere J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Riu"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Pere"
              "apellidos" => "Casan"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212909724310?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/15792129/0000004500000007/v1_201305150425/S1579212909724310/v1_201305150425/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:15 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Usefulness of Video-assisted Thoracoscopy for Correctly Staging Tumors as T3 Because of Chest Wall Invasion"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "325"
        "paginaFinal" => "328"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Gregorio Gallardo-Valera, Ana Trivi&#241;o-Ram&#237;rez, Miguel Congregado, Rafael Jim&#233;nez-Merch&#225;n, Francisco Javier Ayarra Jarn&#233;, Jes&#250;s Loscertales"
        "autores" => array:6 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Gregorio"
            "apellidos" => "Gallardo-Valera"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Ana"
            "apellidos" => "Trivi&#241;o-Ram&#237;rez"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Miguel"
            "apellidos" => "Congregado"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Rafael"
            "apellidos" => "Jim&#233;nez-Merch&#225;n"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Francisco Javier Ayarra"
            "apellidos" => "Jarn&#233;"
          ]
          5 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Jes&#250;s"
            "apellidos" => "Loscertales"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "jloscert&#64;us&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Cirug&#237;a General y Tor&#225;cica&#44; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena&#44; Sevilla&#44; Spain"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor1"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Utilidad de la videotoracoscopia para una correcta estadificaci&#243;n de tumores T3 por invasi&#243;n de pared"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2008-10-28"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2009-03-18"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155755"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Exploratory video-assisted thoracoscopy"
            1 => "Surgical staging"
            2 => "T3 lung cancer because of chest wall invasion"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155754"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Videotoracoscopia exploradora"
            1 => "Estadificaci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica"
            2 => "C&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n"
            3 => "T3 por invasi&#243;n parietal"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Exploratory video-assisted thoracoscopy &#40;EVT&#41; can be used to assess the resectability of lung carcinomas&#46; The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of this technique for distinguishing between tumors that invade the chest wall and should be staged as T3 and tumors that have been incorrectly staged as T3 on the basis of imaging studies&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">From March 1993 through December 2007&#44; we studied 1277 patients&#44; of whom 150 &#40;137 men and 13 women&#59; age range&#44; 28&#8211;81 years&#41; presented tumors classified as cT3 because of chest wall invasion on the basis of imaging studies&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">After exploratory EVT&#44; 44 pT3 tumors with chest wall invasion were confirmed intraoperatively and by histopathology&#46; Of these&#44; 36 had been correctly classified as cT3 by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging&#46; However&#44; tumors had been understaged as cT2 in 6 patients and overstaged as cT4 in 2 patients&#46; The sensitivity&#44; specificity&#44; and positive and negative predictive values obtained were 100&#37;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We believe that exploratory EVT is clearly better than computed tomography and&#47;or magnetic resonance imaging for detecting chest wall invasion&#46; In addition to correctly staging a tumor as T3 because of chest wall invasion&#44; the technique can also help decide the best surgical approach in each case&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La videotoracoscopia exploradora &#40;VTE&#41; es una t&#233;cnica que permite valorar la resecabilidad del carcinoma de pulm&#243;n&#46; El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido comprobar su utilidad para diferenciar los verdaderos tumores T3 por invasi&#243;n parietal de aquellos que se estadificaron de forma incorrecta por las pruebas de imagen&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Desde marzo de 1993 hasta diciembre de 2007 se estudi&#243; a 1&#46;277 pacientes&#44; de los que 150 &#40;137 varones y 13 mujeres&#59; rango de edad&#58; 28&#8211;81 a&#241;os&#41; presentaron tumores estadificados como cT3 por invasi&#243;n parietal en las pruebas de imagen&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tras la realizaci&#243;n de la VTE&#44; los tumores pT3 por invasi&#243;n parietal confirmados intraoperatoriamente y mediante estudio anatomopatol&#243;gico fueron 44&#46; De ellos&#44; 36 se hab&#237;an clasificado correctamente como cT3 por tomograf&#237;a computarizada o resonancia magn&#233;tica&#46; Se observ&#243; adem&#225;s que 6 casos hab&#237;an sido infravalorados como cT2&#44; y otros 2 supravalorados como cT4&#46; La sensibilidad&#44; especificidad y valor predictivo tanto positivo como negativo obtenidos en nuestra serie han sido del 100&#37;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En nuestra opini&#243;n&#44; la VTE es una t&#233;cnica claramente superior a la tomograf&#237;a computarizada y&#47;o resonancia magn&#233;tica para detectar infiltraci&#243;n de pared&#44; por lo que&#44; adem&#225;s de estadificar correctamente la situaci&#243;n tumoral T3 por invasi&#243;n parietal&#44; permite decidir la v&#237;a de abordaje adecuada para cada caso&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:27 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cancer statistics&#46; 2008 CA"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Jemal"
                            1 => "R&#46; Siegel"
                            2 => "E&#46; Ward"
                            3 => "Y&#46; Hao"
                            4 => "J&#46; Xu"
                            5 => "T&#46; Murray"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer J Clin"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "71"
                        "paginaFinal" => "96"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Revisions in the International System for Staging Lung Cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "C&#46;F&#46; Mountain"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "111"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1710"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1717"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9187198"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "MR imaging in diagnosis and staging of pulmonary carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Godelman"
                            1 => "L&#46;B&#46; Haramati"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.mric.2008.02.013"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "309"
                        "paginaFinal" => "317"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18474334"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Positron emission tomography&#47;computed tomography and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in staging of advanced non-small cell lung cancer &#8211; initial results"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Plathow"
                            1 => "P&#46; Aschoff"
                            2 => "M&#46;P&#46; Lichy"
                            3 => "S&#46; Eschmann"
                            4 => "T&#46; Hehr"
                            5 => "I&#46; Brink"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/RLI.0b013e318163273a"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Invest Radiol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "290"
                        "paginaFinal" => "297"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18424949"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "En bloc resection for lung cancer with chest wall invasion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46;T&#46; Lin"
                            1 => "P&#46;K&#46; Hsu"
                            2 => "H&#46;S&#46; Hsu"
                            3 => "C&#46;S&#46; Huang"
                            4 => "L&#46;S&#46; Wang"
                            5 => "B&#46;S&#46; Huang"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S1726-4901(09)70197-2"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Chin Med Assoc"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "69"
                        "paginaInicial" => "157"
                        "paginaFinal" => "161"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16689196"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lung cancer with chest wall involvement&#58; predictive factors of long-term survival after surgical resection"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Voltolini"
                            1 => "C&#46; Rapicetta"
                            2 => "L&#46; Luzzi"
                            3 => "C&#46; Ghiribelli"
                            4 => "T&#46; Ligabue"
                            5 => "P&#46; Paladini"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.lungcan.2006.01.010"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lung Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "52"
                        "paginaInicial" => "359"
                        "paginaFinal" => "364"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16644062"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lung cancer invading the chest wall&#58; a plea for en-bloc resection but the need for new treatment strategies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Doddoli"
                            1 => "B&#46; D&#8217;Journo"
                            2 => "F&#46; Le Pimpec-Barthes"
                            3 => "A&#46; Dujon"
                            4 => "C&#46; Foucault"
                            5 => "P&#46; Thomas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.03.088"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Thorac Surg"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "80"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2032"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2040"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16305839"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Screening for lung cancer with low-dose CT"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Coche"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JBR-BTR"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "91"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "5"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18447122"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0049017207001096"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00490172"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ultrasound vs&#46; CT in detecting chest wall invasion by tumor&#58; a prospective study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Bandi"
                            1 => "W&#46; Lunn"
                            2 => "A&#46; Ernst"
                            3 => "R&#46; Eberhardt"
                            4 => "H&#46; Hoffmann"
                            5 => "F&#46;J&#46; Herth"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1378/chest.07-1656"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "133"
                        "paginaInicial" => "881"
                        "paginaFinal" => "886"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17951616"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Video-assisted thoracoscopy and the staging of lung cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;C&#46; Wain"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Thorac Surg"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "paginaInicial" => "776"
                        "paginaFinal" => "778"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8379793"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Videothoracoscopic staging and treatment of lung cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46;C&#46; Roviaro"
                            1 => "F&#46; Varoli"
                            2 => "C&#46; Rebuffat"
                            3 => "C&#46; Vergani"
                            4 => "M&#46; Maciocco"
                            5 => "S&#46;M&#46; Acalambra"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Thorac Surg"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "59"
                        "paginaInicial" => "971"
                        "paginaFinal" => "974"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7695426"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Videothoracoscopic operative staging for lung cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46;C&#46; Roviaro"
                            1 => "F&#46; Varoli"
                            2 => "C&#46; Rebuffat"
                            3 => "D&#46; Sonnino"
                            4 => "C&#46; Vergani"
                            5 => "M&#46; Maciocco"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int Surg"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "81"
                        "paginaInicial" => "252"
                        "paginaFinal" => "254"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9028984"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "State of the art in thoracoscopic surgery&#58; a personal experience of 2000 videothoracoscopic procedures and an overview of the literature"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "G&#46;C&#46; Roviaro"
                            1 => "F&#46; Varoli"
                            2 => "C&#46; Vergani"
                            3 => "M&#46; Maciocco"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00464-001-8153-3"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Surg Endosc"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "881"
                        "paginaFinal" => "892"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12163949"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Valoraci&#243;n de la resecabilidad del c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n mediante videotoracoscopia exploradora"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Loscertales"
                            1 => "F&#46; Garc&#237;a D&#237;az"
                            2 => "R&#46; Jim&#233;nez Merch&#225;n"
                            3 => "J&#46;C&#46; Gir&#243;n Arjona"
                            4 => "C&#46;J&#46; Arenas Linares"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "275"
                        "paginaFinal" => "279"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8814821"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The use of videoassisted thoracic surgery in lung cancer&#58; evaluation of resectability in 296 patients and 71 pulmonary exeresis with radical lymphadenectomy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Loscertales"
                            1 => "R&#46; Jim&#233;nez-Merch&#225;n"
                            2 => "C&#46; Arenas Linares"
                            3 => "J&#46;C&#46; Gir&#243;n-Arjona"
                            4 => "M&#46; Congregado-Loscertales"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "892"
                        "paginaFinal" => "897"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9489876"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Routine video-assisted thoracoscopy prior to thoracotomy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;P&#46;C&#46; Yim"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "109"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1099"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1100"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8635337"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Videopericardioscopia&#58; una nueva exploraci&#243;n para valorar la resecabilidad de los c&#225;nceres de pulm&#243;n cT4 por invasi&#243;n vascular"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Jim&#233;nez Merch&#225;n"
                            1 => "M&#46; Congregado Loscertales"
                            2 => "J&#46;C&#46; Gir&#243;n Arjona"
                            3 => "J&#46;C&#46; Arenas Linares"
                            4 => "J&#46; Ayarra Jarne"
                            5 => "J&#46; Loscertales"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "36"
                        "paginaInicial" => "612"
                        "paginaFinal" => "619"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11171433"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Usefulness of videothoracoscopic intrapericardial examination of pulmonary vessels to identify respectable clinical T4 lung cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Loscertales"
                            1 => "R&#46; Jim&#233;nez-Merch&#225;n"
                            2 => "M&#46; Congregado-Loscertales"
                            3 => "C&#46; Arenas-Linares"
                            4 => "J&#46;C&#46; Gir&#243;n-Arjona"
                            5 => "A&#46;A&#46; Trist&#225;n"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Thorac Surg"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "73"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1563"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1566"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12022550"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Videopericardioscopy using endothoracic sonography for lung cancer staging"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Ohno"
                            1 => "T&#46; Utsumi"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Sasaki"
                            3 => "Y&#46; Suzuki"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.athoracsur.2003.10.087"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Thorac Surg"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "79"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1780"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1782"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15854984"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Flexible videopericardioscopy in cT4 nonsmall-cell lung cancer with radiologic evidence of proximal vascular invasi&#243;n"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Pompeo"
                            1 => "F&#46; Tacconi"
                            2 => "T&#46;C&#46; Mineo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.09.031"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Thorac Surg"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "83"
                        "paginaInicial" => "402"
                        "paginaFinal" => "408"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17257961"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lung cancer staging"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;D&#46; Sihoe"
                            1 => "A&#46;P&#46; Yim"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jss.2003.11.006"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Surg Res"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "117"
                        "paginaInicial" => "92"
                        "paginaFinal" => "106"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15013719"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Invasive staging of lung cancer by mediastinoscopy and videoassisted thoracoscopy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Hoffmann"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.lungcan.2004.02.001"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lung Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "paginaInicial" => "125"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15196743"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical value of videoassisted thoracoscopy for preoperative staging of non-small cell lung cancer&#46; A prospective study of 105 patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Sebasti&#225;n-Quetglas"
                            1 => "L&#46; Molins"
                            2 => "X&#46; Baldo"
                            3 => "J&#46; Buitrago"
                            4 => "G&#46; Vidal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lung Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "42"
                        "paginaInicial" => "297"
                        "paginaFinal" => "301"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14644517"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Role of video-thoracoscopy in the pre-treatment evaluation of lung carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Thomas"
                            1 => "G&#46; Massard"
                            2 => "R&#46; Giudicelli"
                            3 => "M&#46; Reynaud-Gaubert"
                            4 => "J&#46;M&#46; Wihlm"
                            5 => "P&#46; Fuentes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Med Interne"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1093"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1098"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10635071"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Videothoracoscopy in the spreading evaluation of bronchogenic cancers"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Santambrogio"
                            1 => "M&#46; Nosotti"
                            2 => "N&#46; Bellaviti"
                            3 => "G&#46; Pav&#243;n"
                            4 => "F&#46; Volterrani"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer Radiother"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "178"
                        "paginaFinal" => "180"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9273192"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib26"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Endothoracic sonography with color Doppler availability during video assisted thoracic surgery &#40;videothoracoscopic operative staging with ultrasound color Doppler&#41; for lung cancer staging"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46;F&#46; Menconi"
                            1 => "M&#46;C&#46; Ambrogi"
                            2 => "F&#46;M&#46; Melfi"
                            3 => "P&#46; Dini"
                            4 => "F&#46; Davini"
                            5 => "O&#46; Goletti"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Surg Endosc"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "816"
                        "paginaFinal" => "819"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9601997"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib27"
              "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparison of imaging TNM &#91;&#40;i&#41;TNM&#93; and pathological TNM &#91;pTNM&#93; in staging of bronchogenic carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Gdeedo"
                            1 => "P&#46; van Schil"
                            2 => "B&#46; Corthouts"
                            3 => "F&#46; van Mieghem"
                            4 => "J&#46; van Meerbeeck"
                            5 => "E&#46; van Marck"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "224"
                        "paginaFinal" => "227"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9288511"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/15792129/0000004500000007/v1_201305150425/S1579212909724322/v1_201305150425/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "9374"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Original Articles"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000004500000007/v1_201305150425/S1579212909724322/v1_201305150425/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212909724322?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 45. Issue 7.
Pages 325-328 (July 2009)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 45. Issue 7.
Pages 325-328 (July 2009)
Original Article
Full text access
Usefulness of Video-assisted Thoracoscopy for Correctly Staging Tumors as T3 Because of Chest Wall Invasion
Utilidad de la videotoracoscopia para una correcta estadificación de tumores T3 por invasión de pared
Visits
4268
Gregorio Gallardo-Valera, Ana Triviño-Ramírez, Miguel Congregado, Rafael Jiménez-Merchán, Francisco Javier Ayarra Jarné, Jesús Loscertales
Corresponding author
jloscert@us.es

Corresponding author.
Servicio de Cirugía General y Torácica, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Background

Exploratory video-assisted thoracoscopy (EVT) can be used to assess the resectability of lung carcinomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of this technique for distinguishing between tumors that invade the chest wall and should be staged as T3 and tumors that have been incorrectly staged as T3 on the basis of imaging studies.

Patients and Methods

From March 1993 through December 2007, we studied 1277 patients, of whom 150 (137 men and 13 women; age range, 28–81 years) presented tumors classified as cT3 because of chest wall invasion on the basis of imaging studies.

Results

After exploratory EVT, 44 pT3 tumors with chest wall invasion were confirmed intraoperatively and by histopathology. Of these, 36 had been correctly classified as cT3 by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. However, tumors had been understaged as cT2 in 6 patients and overstaged as cT4 in 2 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values obtained were 100%.

Conclusions

We believe that exploratory EVT is clearly better than computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging for detecting chest wall invasion. In addition to correctly staging a tumor as T3 because of chest wall invasion, the technique can also help decide the best surgical approach in each case.

Keywords:
Exploratory video-assisted thoracoscopy
Surgical staging
T3 lung cancer because of chest wall invasion
Resumen
Introducción

La videotoracoscopia exploradora (VTE) es una técnica que permite valorar la resecabilidad del carcinoma de pulmón. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido comprobar su utilidad para diferenciar los verdaderos tumores T3 por invasión parietal de aquellos que se estadificaron de forma incorrecta por las pruebas de imagen.

Pacientes y métodos

Desde marzo de 1993 hasta diciembre de 2007 se estudió a 1.277 pacientes, de los que 150 (137 varones y 13 mujeres; rango de edad: 28–81 años) presentaron tumores estadificados como cT3 por invasión parietal en las pruebas de imagen.

Resultados

Tras la realización de la VTE, los tumores pT3 por invasión parietal confirmados intraoperatoriamente y mediante estudio anatomopatológico fueron 44. De ellos, 36 se habían clasificado correctamente como cT3 por tomografía computarizada o resonancia magnética. Se observó además que 6 casos habían sido infravalorados como cT2, y otros 2 supravalorados como cT4. La sensibilidad, especificidad y valor predictivo tanto positivo como negativo obtenidos en nuestra serie han sido del 100%.

Conclusiones

En nuestra opinión, la VTE es una técnica claramente superior a la tomografía computarizada y/o resonancia magnética para detectar infiltración de pared, por lo que, además de estadificar correctamente la situación tumoral T3 por invasión parietal, permite decidir la vía de abordaje adecuada para cada caso.

Palabras clave:
Videotoracoscopia exploradora
Estadificación quirúrgica
Cáncer de pulmón
T3 por invasión parietal
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1.]
A. Jemal, R. Siegel, E. Ward, Y. Hao, J. Xu, T. Murray, et al.
Cancer statistics. 2008 CA.
Cancer J Clin, 58 (2008), pp. 71-96
[2.]
C.F. Mountain.
Revisions in the International System for Staging Lung Cancer.
Chest, 111 (1997), pp. 1710-1717
[3.]
A. Godelman, L.B. Haramati.
MR imaging in diagnosis and staging of pulmonary carcinoma.
Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am, 16 (2008), pp. 309-317
[4.]
C. Plathow, P. Aschoff, M.P. Lichy, S. Eschmann, T. Hehr, I. Brink, et al.
Positron emission tomography/computed tomography and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in staging of advanced non-small cell lung cancer – initial results.
Invest Radiol, 43 (2008), pp. 290-297
[5.]
Y.T. Lin, P.K. Hsu, H.S. Hsu, C.S. Huang, L.S. Wang, B.S. Huang, et al.
En bloc resection for lung cancer with chest wall invasion.
J Chin Med Assoc, 69 (2006), pp. 157-161
[6.]
L. Voltolini, C. Rapicetta, L. Luzzi, C. Ghiribelli, T. Ligabue, P. Paladini, et al.
Lung cancer with chest wall involvement: predictive factors of long-term survival after surgical resection.
Lung Cancer, 52 (2006), pp. 359-364
[7.]
C. Doddoli, B. D’Journo, F. Le Pimpec-Barthes, A. Dujon, C. Foucault, P. Thomas, et al.
Lung cancer invading the chest wall: a plea for en-bloc resection but the need for new treatment strategies.
Ann Thorac Surg, 80 (2005), pp. 2032-2040
[8.]
E. Coche.
Screening for lung cancer with low-dose CT.
JBR-BTR, 91 (2008), pp. 1-5
[9.]
V. Bandi, W. Lunn, A. Ernst, R. Eberhardt, H. Hoffmann, F.J. Herth.
Ultrasound vs. CT in detecting chest wall invasion by tumor: a prospective study.
Chest, 133 (2008), pp. 881-886
[10.]
J.C. Wain.
Video-assisted thoracoscopy and the staging of lung cancer.
Ann Thorac Surg, 56 (1993), pp. 776-778
[11.]
G.C. Roviaro, F. Varoli, C. Rebuffat, C. Vergani, M. Maciocco, S.M. Acalambra, et al.
Videothoracoscopic staging and treatment of lung cancer.
Ann Thorac Surg, 59 (1995), pp. 971-974
[12.]
G.C. Roviaro, F. Varoli, C. Rebuffat, D. Sonnino, C. Vergani, M. Maciocco, et al.
Videothoracoscopic operative staging for lung cancer.
Int Surg, 81 (1996), pp. 252-254
[13.]
G.C. Roviaro, F. Varoli, C. Vergani, M. Maciocco.
State of the art in thoracoscopic surgery: a personal experience of 2000 videothoracoscopic procedures and an overview of the literature.
Surg Endosc, 16 (2002), pp. 881-892
[14.]
J. Loscertales, F. García Díaz, R. Jiménez Merchán, J.C. Girón Arjona, C.J. Arenas Linares.
Valoración de la resecabilidad del cáncer de pulmón mediante videotoracoscopia exploradora.
Arch Bronconeumol, 32 (1996), pp. 275-279
[15.]
J. Loscertales, R. Jiménez-Merchán, C. Arenas Linares, J.C. Girón-Arjona, M. Congregado-Loscertales.
The use of videoassisted thoracic surgery in lung cancer: evaluation of resectability in 296 patients and 71 pulmonary exeresis with radical lymphadenectomy.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 12 (1997), pp. 892-897
[16.]
A.P.C. Yim.
Routine video-assisted thoracoscopy prior to thoracotomy.
Chest, 109 (1996), pp. 1099-1100
[17.]
R. Jiménez Merchán, M. Congregado Loscertales, J.C. Girón Arjona, J.C. Arenas Linares, J. Ayarra Jarne, J. Loscertales.
Videopericardioscopia: una nueva exploración para valorar la resecabilidad de los cánceres de pulmón cT4 por invasión vascular.
Arch Bronconeumol, 36 (2000), pp. 612-619
[18.]
J. Loscertales, R. Jiménez-Merchán, M. Congregado-Loscertales, C. Arenas-Linares, J.C. Girón-Arjona, A.A. Tristán, et al.
Usefulness of videothoracoscopic intrapericardial examination of pulmonary vessels to identify respectable clinical T4 lung cancer.
Ann Thorac Surg, 73 (2002), pp. 1563-1566
[19.]
K. Ohno, T. Utsumi, Y. Sasaki, Y. Suzuki.
Videopericardioscopy using endothoracic sonography for lung cancer staging.
Ann Thorac Surg, 79 (2005), pp. 1780-1782
[20.]
E. Pompeo, F. Tacconi, T.C. Mineo.
Flexible videopericardioscopy in cT4 nonsmall-cell lung cancer with radiologic evidence of proximal vascular invasión.
Ann Thorac Surg, 83 (2007), pp. 402-408
[21.]
A.D. Sihoe, A.P. Yim.
Lung cancer staging.
J Surg Res, 117 (2004), pp. 92-106
[22.]
H. Hoffmann.
Invasive staging of lung cancer by mediastinoscopy and videoassisted thoracoscopy.
[23.]
F. Sebastián-Quetglas, L. Molins, X. Baldo, J. Buitrago, G. Vidal.
Clinical value of videoassisted thoracoscopy for preoperative staging of non-small cell lung cancer. A prospective study of 105 patients.
Lung Cancer, 42 (2003), pp. 297-301
[24.]
P. Thomas, G. Massard, R. Giudicelli, M. Reynaud-Gaubert, J.M. Wihlm, P. Fuentes.
Role of video-thoracoscopy in the pre-treatment evaluation of lung carcinoma.
Rev Med Interne, 20 (1999), pp. 1093-1098
[25.]
L. Santambrogio, M. Nosotti, N. Bellaviti, G. Pavón, F. Volterrani.
Videothoracoscopy in the spreading evaluation of bronchogenic cancers.
Cancer Radiother, 1 (1997), pp. 178-180
[26.]
G.F. Menconi, M.C. Ambrogi, F.M. Melfi, P. Dini, F. Davini, O. Goletti, et al.
Endothoracic sonography with color Doppler availability during video assisted thoracic surgery (videothoracoscopic operative staging with ultrasound color Doppler) for lung cancer staging.
Surg Endosc, 12 (1998), pp. 816-819
[27.]
A. Gdeedo, P. van Schil, B. Corthouts, F. van Mieghem, J. van Meerbeeck, E. van Marck.
Comparison of imaging TNM [(i)TNM] and pathological TNM [pTNM] in staging of bronchogenic carcinoma.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 12 (1997), pp. 224-227
Copyright © 2009. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?