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Vol. 44. Issue 4.
Pages 197-203 (January 2008)
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Vol. 44. Issue 4.
Pages 197-203 (January 2008)
Original Articles
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Traumatic Rupture of the Diaphragm
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J. Cerón Navarro
Corresponding author
ceronjs@yahoo.es

Correspondence: Dr J. Cerón Navarro Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario La Fe Avda. Campanar, 21 46009 Valencia, Spain
, J.C. Peñalver Cuesta, J. Padilla Alarcón, C. Jordá Aragón, J. Escrivá Peiró, V. Calvo Medina, A. García Zarza, J. Pastor Guillem, E. Blasco Armengod
Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Objective

Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm (TRD) is a rare occurrence, with variable morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to analyze cases of TRD in a tertiary hospital and assess prognostic factors associated with mortality.

Patients and methods

A retrospective study was performed of patients diagnosed with TRD in Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain, between 1969 and 2006. The following variables were analyzed: sex, age, cause, diagnosis, associated lesions, surgical procedure, side and size of the lesion, visceral herniation, and postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Results

The study group comprised 132 patients (105 men, 79.5%) with a mean (SD) age of 39.64 (17.04) years. Traffic accidents were the most common cause of TRD. Rupture involved the left hemidiaphragm in 96 cases (72.7%), and 113 patients (85.6%) had associated lesions, most often affecting the abdomen. Thoracotomy was performed in 83 cases (62.9%) and laparotomy in 41 (31.1%). Visceral herniation was reported in 90 patients (68.3%), most often involving the stomach.

The rates of perioperative morbidity and mortality were 62.8% and 20.5%, respectively. Diagnostic delay and the presence of morbidity and serious associated lesions all had a statistically significant impact on mortality (P<.05). In the case of serious associated lesions, the odds ratio was 2.898 (95% confidence interval, 1.018-8.250) and for perioperative morbidity it was 1.488 (95% confidence interval, 1.231-1.798).

Conclusions

TRD is an infrequent occurrence in young men, is generally caused by traffic accidents, and is more common on the left side. Associated lesions are present in most cases and represent the main prognostic factor affecting morbidity and mortality. TRD can be considered a relative surgical emergency when not accompanied by other lesions that in themselves constitute surgical emergencies.

Key words:
Rupture
Diaphragm
Injury
Surgery
Outcomes
Survival
Morbidity
Mortality
Objetivo

La rotura diafragmática traumática (RDT) es una lesión infrecuente, con tasas variables de morbimortalidad. El objetivo del estudio ha sido analizar la experiencia en RDT de un hospital terciario y los factores pronósticos de mortalidad.

Pacientes y métodos

Se ha realizado un estudio analítico y retrospectivo de los pacientes diagnosticados de RDT entre 1969 y 2006 en el Hospital La Fe. Se analizaron: sexo, edad, causa, diagnóstico, lesiones asociadas, procedimiento quirúrgico, lado y tamaño, herniación visceral y morbimortalidad postoperatoria.

Resultados

Se incluyó en el estudio a 132 pacientes (105 varones; 79,5%) con una edad media ± desviación estándar de 39,64 ± 17,04 años. Los accidentes de tráfico fueron la causa más frecuente de RDT. En 96 casos (72,7%) se afectó el hemidiafragma izquierdo y 113 pacientes (85,6%) asociaron lesiones, de las cuales las abdominales fueron las más frecuentes. Se abordaron por toracotomía 83 casos (62,9%) y por laparotomía 41 (31,1%). En 90 pacientes (68,3%) se evidenció herniación visceral, siendo el estómago la más frecuente.

Las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad perioperatorias fueron del 62,8 y el 20,5%, respectivamente. La presencia de morbilidad y de lesiones asociadas graves, y el retraso diagnóstico tuvieron un impacto significativo en la mortalidad (p < 0,05. Lesiones graves: odds ratio = 2,898; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1,018-8,250. Morbilidad perioperatoria: odds ratio = 1,488; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1,231-1,798).

Conclusiones

La RDT es una entidad infrecuente que se da en varones jóvenes, generalmente por accidentes de tráfico, y es más frecuente en el lado izquierdo. Las lesiones asociadas están presentes en la mayoría de los casos y son el principal factor pronóstico que condiciona la morbimortalidad. La RDT puede considerarse una urgencia quirúrgica diferida, en ausencia de otras lesiones que constituyan una urgencia quirúrgica en sí mismas.

Palabras clave:
Rotura
Diafragma
Traumatismo
Cirugía
Resultados
Supervivencia
Morbilidad
Mortalidad
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Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
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