Article information
Resumen
En la actualidad, las guías clínicas recomiendan la terapia escalonada y progresiva para el tratamiento de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), que consiste en ir añadiendo fármacos en función de la gravedad de la obstrucción al flujo aéreo, de los síntomas y del número de agudizaciones en los pacientes graves. Sin embargo, a medida que avanza el conocimiento de la fisiopatogenia de esta enfermedad, se considera que la EPOC es un proceso heterogéneo en el cual la decisión terapéutica no debe basarse exclusivamente en un valor espirométrico. Nos inclinamos cada vez más a establecer un tratamiento personalizado, en función de las características del paciente. En el presente artículo se repasan las evidencias científicas existentes sobre los objetivos en el tratamiento de la EPOC y los beneficios alcanzados por las diferentes intervenciones farmacológicas disponibles.
Palabras clave:
EPOC
Guías
Tratamiento
Broncodilatadores
Corticoides
Abstract
Current clinical guidelines recommend a step-wise approach to the pharmacological treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with drugs being added according to the severity of airflow obstruction, symptoms, and the number of acute exacerbations in patients with severe disease. However, greater knowledge of the physiopathogenesis of this disease has led to COPD being considered a heterogeneous process in which therapeutic decisions should not be based exclusively on the results of spirometry. Treatment is increasingly individualized according to the patient's characteristics. The present article reviews the scientific evidence on the aims of treatment in COPD and the benefits achieved by the various pharmacological options available.
Keywords:
COPD
Guidelines
Treatment
Bronchodilators
Corticosteroids
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