Immune checkpoint inhibitors have opened an era of lung cancer therapy. However, a notable disparity exists in the efficacy of immunotherapy among individual patients. The tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) is an ectopic lymphocyte aggregation that appears under pathological conditions and is the primary site of action for anti-tumor immunity. It is commonly reported that the presence of TLS within the tumor microenvironment (TME) relates to a favorable clinical prognosis and an excellent response to immunotherapy in lung cancer patients. A thorough understanding of TLS and its dynamic changes in TME has become an attractive focus for optimizing immunotherapy strategies for lung cancer. In this review, we comprehensively generalize the composition, formation, mechanism, detection methods of TLS, and summarize the role of TLS in lung cancer immunotherapy. Finally, induction of TLS is also discussed, which may provide more effective therapeutic strategies for lung cancer therapy.
Journal Information
Review Article
Tertiary Lymphoid Structure in Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of Lung Cancer
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Mei Xiea,1, Xuwen Lina,1, Xinyu Baob,1, Yiran Lianga, Hui Denga, Jialin Songb, Xidong Maa, Xin Zhangb, Jie Yaoa, Lei Pana,
, Xinying Xuea,
Corresponding author
Corresponding author
a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, People's Republic of China
b Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Shandong Second Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, People's Republic of China
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Special issue
Abstract
Keywords:
Tertiary lymphoid structures
Lung cancer
Immunotherapy
Prognosis
Abbreviations:
ADCC
ADCP
APCs
BCRs
COPD
CDC
CT
CXCL13
CTLs
DCs
DFS
DCR
E-TLS
FDC
(Tfh) cells
FRC
GC
(Th) cells
HE
HEV
ICBs
IHC
ICAM1
IL-21
IL-17
IL-7
LUAD
LUSC
(LTi) cells
LTα1β2
LTβR
MRI
MPR
mIF
NSCLC
OS
pCR
PNAd
PCs
PET
PFL-TLS
PFS
Tregs
RNA-seq
SFL-TLS
SLOs
SPECT
SHM
STING
TCR
TLSs
Ti-BALT
TME
VCAM1
VEGFC
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