array:23 [
  "pii" => "S1579212909734871"
  "issn" => "15792129"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(09)73487-1"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-09-01"
  "aid" => "73487"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2009"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "rev"
  "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2009;45:449-58"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 3315
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 93
      "HTML" => 2357
      "PDF" => 865
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1579212909734883"
    "issn" => "15792129"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(09)73488-3"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-09-01"
    "aid" => "73488"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2009;45:459-65"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 3827
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 88
        "HTML" => 3001
        "PDF" => 738
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Special Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Complexity in Asthma&#58; Inflammation and Scale-Free Networks"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "459"
          "paginaFinal" => "465"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "La complejidad en el asma&#58; inflamaci&#243;n y redes libres de escala"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Miguel Perpi&#241;&#225; Tordera"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Miguel Perpi&#241;&#225;"
              "apellidos" => "Tordera"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212909734883?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/15792129/0000004500000009/v1_201305150430/S1579212909734883/v1_201305150430/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S157921290973486X"
    "issn" => "15792129"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(09)73486-X"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-09-01"
    "aid" => "73486"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neumolog&#237;a y Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2009;45:442-8"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2592
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 88
        "HTML" => 1776
        "PDF" => 728
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Children Under 4 Years of Age With Recurrent Bronchitis"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "442"
          "paginaFinal" => "448"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "&#211;xido n&#237;trico exhalado en ni&#241;os menores de 4 a&#241;os con bronquitis de repetici&#243;n"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "In&#233;s de Mir Messa, Antonio Moreno Gald&#243;, Nicol&#225;s Cobos Barroso, Silvia Gartner, Carlos Mart&#237;n De Vicente, Santos Li&#241;&#225;n Cort&#233;s"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "In&#233;s"
              "apellidos" => "de Mir Messa"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Antonio Moreno"
              "apellidos" => "Gald&#243;"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Nicol&#225;s Cobos"
              "apellidos" => "Barroso"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Silvia"
              "apellidos" => "Gartner"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Carlos Mart&#237;n"
              "apellidos" => "De Vicente"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Santos Li&#241;&#225;n"
              "apellidos" => "Cort&#233;s"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S157921290973486X?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/15792129/0000004500000009/v1_201305150430/S157921290973486X/v1_201305150430/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:15 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review Article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Smoking and Sleep Disorders"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "449"
        "paginaFinal" => "458"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Catalina Balaguer Alexander Palou, Alberto Alonso-Fern&#225;ndez"
        "autores" => array:2 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Catalina Balaguer Alexander"
            "apellidos" => "Palou"
          ]
          1 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Alberto"
            "apellidos" => "Alonso-Fern&#225;ndez"
            "email" => array:2 [
              0 => "aaf&#95;97&#64;hotmail&#46;com"
              1 => "alberto&#46;alonso&#64;ssib&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Universitario Son Dureta&#44; Palma de Mallorca&#44; Illes Balears&#44; Spain"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor1"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Tabaco y trastornos del sue&#241;o"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2008-01-29"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2009-03-10"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155818"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Smoking"
            1 => "Obstructive"
            2 => "Sleep"
            3 => "Apnea-Hypopnea"
            4 => "Syndrome"
            5 => "Snoring"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155819"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Tabaco"
            1 => "S&#237;ndrome de apneas-hipopneas obstructivas del sue&#241;o"
            2 => "Ronquido"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Snoring and sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome &#40;SAHS&#41; are two disorders of considerable relevance due to their high prevalence in the general population and their notable morbidity and mortality&#44; particularly in association with their harmful effects on the cardiovascular system&#46; As well as sex&#44; age&#44; weight&#44; craniofacial malformations&#44; alcohol consumption&#44; and use of hypnotic drugs&#44; it has been suggested that smoking may be a risk factor for developing sleep-disordered breathing&#46; While there is solid evidence for the independent association between snoring and smoking in both children and adults&#44; it is still unclear whether smoking constitutes an independent risk factor for developing SAHS&#44; despite the many studies carried out to assess this link&#46; This is probably because the association&#44; if it exists&#44; is very weak&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El ronquido y el s&#237;ndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sue&#241;o &#40;SAHS&#41; son dos enfermedades con una importante relevancia&#44; debido a su elevada prevalencia en la poblaci&#243;n general y a su destacable morbimortalidad&#44; asociada sobre todo a sus consecuencias nocivas sobre el sistema cardiovascular&#46; Adem&#225;s del sexo&#44; la edad&#44; el peso&#44; las malformaciones craneofaciales&#44; el consumo de alcohol y los f&#225;rmacos hipn&#243;ticos&#44; se ha postulado que el tabaco puede constituir un factor de riesgo para desarrollar trastornos respiratorios durante el sue&#241;o&#46; Si bien existe una evidencia s&#243;lida de la asociaci&#243;n independiente entre ronquido y tabaco tanto en ni&#241;os como en adultos&#44; en el caso del SAHS&#44; a pesar de haber numerosos trabajos que eval&#250;an dicha cuesti&#243;n&#44; todav&#237;a no est&#225; suficientemente claro si el tabaco constituye un factor de riesgo independiente para el desarrollo de SAHS&#44; probablemente porque&#44; si tal asociaci&#243;n existe&#44; debe de ser muy d&#233;bil&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:113 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence and correlates of snoring and observed apneas in 5&#44;201 older adults"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sleep"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "531"
                        "paginaFinal" => "538"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome among Swedish men &#8211; an epidemiological study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [ …5]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "41"
                        "paginaInicial" => "571"
                        "paginaFinal" => "576"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Gender differences in symptoms related to sleep apnea in a general population and in relation to referral to sleep clinic"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [ …4]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "124"
                        "paginaInicial" => "204"
                        "paginaFinal" => "211"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A 10-year follow-up of snoring in men"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "114"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1048"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1055"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Does snoring predict sleepiness independently of apnea and hypopnea frequency&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [ …5]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.162.4.9911073"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "162"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1512"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1517"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Snoring &#40;I&#41;&#46; Daytime sleepiness in regular heavy snorers"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "99"
                        "paginaInicial" => "40"
                        "paginaFinal" => "48"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0090825808009517"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00908258"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue in nonapnoeic snorers&#58; improvement after UPPP"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "845"
                        "paginaFinal" => "849"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Snoring and risk of cardiovascular disease in women"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "35"
                        "paginaInicial" => "308"
                        "paginaFinal" => "313"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The role of habitual snoring and obesity in the development of diabetes&#58; a 10-year followup study in a male population"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "248"
                        "paginaInicial" => "13"
                        "paginaFinal" => "20"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Snoring&#44; pregnancy-induced hypertension&#44; and growth retardation of the fetus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "117"
                        "paginaInicial" => "137"
                        "paginaFinal" => "141"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0212698209000214"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "02126982"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Documento de consenso nacional sobre el s&#237;ndrome de apneas-hipopneas obstructivas durante el sue&#241;o"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "41"
                        "numero" => "Supl 4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "12"
                        "paginaFinal" => "29"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and related clinical features in a population-based sample of subjects aged 30 to 70 yr"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [ …4]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.163.3.2005065"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "163"
                        "paginaInicial" => "685"
                        "paginaFinal" => "689"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199304293281704"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "328"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1230"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1235"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiac rhythm disturbances and ST-segment depression episodes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and its mechanisms"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1378/chest.127.1.15"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "127"
                        "paginaInicial" => "15"
                        "paginaFinal" => "22"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypoapnoea syndrome reversibly depresses cardiac response to exercise"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/eurheartj/ehi621"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Heart J"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "207"
                        "paginaFinal" => "215"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome affects left ventricular diastolic function&#58; effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure in men"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.501841"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "112"
                        "paginaInicial" => "375"
                        "paginaFinal" => "383"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure&#58; an observational study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [ …4]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71141-7"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "365"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1046"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1053"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0090825810005329"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00908258"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Influencia de los trastornos respiratorios del sue&#241;o sobre la supervivencia de pacientes con primer episodio de ictus o accidente isqu&#233;mico transitorio"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "36"
                        "paginaInicial" => "8"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The association between sleep apnea and the risk of traffic accidents&#46; Cooperative Group Burgos-Santander"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199903183401104"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "340"
                        "paginaInicial" => "847"
                        "paginaFinal" => "851"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The association of sleep-disordered breathing and sleep symptoms with quality of life in the Sleep Heart Health Study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sleep"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "96"
                        "paginaFinal" => "105"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mortality in sleep apnea patients&#58; a multivariate analysis of risk factors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sleep"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "149"
                        "paginaFinal" => "157"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diferencias en las variables cl&#237;nicas y polisomnogr&#225;ficas entre varones y mujeres en pacientes con s&#237;ndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sue&#241;o"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "685"
                        "paginaFinal" => "688"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Marcadores hemodin&#225;micos e inflamatorios del s&#237;ndrome de apneashipopneas durante el sue&#241;o e hipoxemia nocturna&#46; Efectos del tratamiento nasal con presi&#243;n positiva continua de la v&#237;a a&#233;rea nasal"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "531"
                        "paginaFinal" => "539"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Disfunci&#243;n mioc&#225;rdica silente en pacientes con s&#237;ndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sue&#241;o&#46; Valor del &#237;ndice de rendimiento mioc&#225;rdico"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "418"
                        "paginaFinal" => "423"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Fiabilidad de la poligraf&#237;a respiratoria domiciliaria para el diagn&#243;stico del s&#237;ndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sue&#241;o"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "318"
                        "paginaFinal" => "323"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib26"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Eficacia de un plan de formaci&#243;n en atenci&#243;n primaria sobre el s&#237;ndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sue&#241;o"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "15"
                        "paginaFinal" => "21"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib27"
              "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Polisomnograf&#237;a partida y polisomnograf&#237;a de toda la noche&#58; comparaci&#243;n entre la primera y la segunda partes de la noche"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [ …3]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3"
                        "paginaFinal" => "7"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0090825896902115"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00908258"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib28"
              "etiqueta" => "28&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Coste-eficiencia y grado de satisfacci&#243;n de la poligraf&#237;a domiciliaria en pacientes con s&#237;ntomas de apnea del sue&#241;o"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "605"
                        "paginaFinal" => "610"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [ …2]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib29"
              "etiqueta" => "29&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Valores de la versi&#243;n espa&#241;ola del cuestionario del impacto funcional del sue&#241;o &#40;FOSQ&#41; en sujetos sanos y en pacientes con apnea obstructiva del sue&#241;o"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [ …6]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "256"
                        "paginaFinal" => "261"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib30"
              "etiqueta" => "30&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Recursos y demoras en el diagn&#243;stico del s&#237;ndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sue&#241;o &#40;SAHS&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "188"
                        "paginaFinal" => "198"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib31"
              "etiqueta" => "31&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "2006&#58; A&#241;o de la Apnea del Sue&#241;o&#46; An&#225;lisis de las publicaciones en Archivos de Bronconeumologia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "611"
                        "paginaFinal" => "620"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib32"
              "etiqueta" => "32&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Longitudinal study of moderate weight change and sleep-disordered breathing"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "284"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3015"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3021"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib33"
              "etiqueta" => "33&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jama.291.16.2013"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "291"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2013"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2016"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib34"
              "etiqueta" => "34&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Anatomic determinants of sleep-disordered breathing across the spectrum of clinical and nonclinical male subjects"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "122"
                        "paginaInicial" => "840"
                        "paginaFinal" => "851"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib35"
              "etiqueta" => "35&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A&#241;o SEPAR 2007&#58; a&#241;o para la prevenci&#243;n y el control del tabaquismo"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "423"
                        "paginaFinal" => "424"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib36"
              "etiqueta" => "36&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "An&#225;lisis de la red de colaboraci&#243;n cient&#237;fica sobre tabaquismo entre centros sanitarios espa&#241;oles a trav&#233;s del Science Citation Index &#40;1999-2003&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "378"
                        "paginaFinal" => "385"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib37"
              "etiqueta" => "37&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Producci&#243;n espa&#241;ola en tabaquismo a trav&#233;s del Science Citation Index &#40;1999-2003&#41;&#46; Situaci&#243;n en el contexto mundial y de la Uni&#243;n Europea"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "212"
                        "paginaFinal" => "218"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib38"
              "etiqueta" => "38&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Efectos no respiratorios del tabaco"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "477"
                        "paginaFinal" => "478"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib39"
              "etiqueta" => "39&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Asma y tabaco&#58; una uni&#243;n inconveniente"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "340"
                        "paginaFinal" => "345"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib40"
              "etiqueta" => "40&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Deterioro de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en fumadores varones sanos"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "59"
                        "paginaFinal" => "63"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib41"
              "etiqueta" => "41&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Consideraciones sobre el uso del cuestionario SF-36 en la medida de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los fumadores"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "176"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            41 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib42"
              "etiqueta" => "42&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Programa de prevenci&#243;n del tabaquismo en alumnos de ense&#241;anza secundaria"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0300-2896(09)70266-2"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "paginaInicial" => "16"
                        "paginaFinal" => "23"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            42 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib43"
              "etiqueta" => "43&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Recomendaciones para el tratamiento farmacol&#243;gico del tabaquismo&#46; Propuestas de financiaci&#243;n"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "213"
                        "paginaFinal" => "219"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            43 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib44"
              "etiqueta" => "44&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Resultados del tratamiento del tabaquismo en una unidad especializada"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "669"
                        "paginaFinal" => "673"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            44 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib45"
              "etiqueta" => "45&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Unidades de tabaquismo por internet"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            45 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib46"
              "etiqueta" => "46&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Deshabituaci&#243;n tab&#225;quica&#46; Valor del resultado en la fase de acci&#243;n sobre el resultado en la fase de consolidaci&#243;n"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "136"
                        "paginaFinal" => "142"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            46 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib47"
              "etiqueta" => "47&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Valor de la intervenci&#243;n breve y los tratamientos farmacol&#243;gicos para dejar de fumar en adolescentes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "334"
                        "paginaFinal" => "339"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            47 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib48"
              "etiqueta" => "48&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ganancia ponderal al dejar de fumar y su relaci&#243;n con la ansiedad"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "9"
                        "paginaFinal" => "15"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            48 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib49"
              "etiqueta" => "49&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Snoring"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "109"
                        "paginaInicial" => "201"
                        "paginaFinal" => "222"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            49 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib50"
              "etiqueta" => "50&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Localization of site of obstruction in snorers and patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome&#58; a comparison of fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy and pressure measurements"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Otolaryngol"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "113"
                        "paginaInicial" => "206"
                        "paginaFinal" => "209"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            50 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib51"
              "etiqueta" => "51&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Snoring surgery&#58; which one is best for you&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ear Nose Throat J"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "78"
                        "paginaInicial" => "861"
                        "paginaFinal" => "870"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            51 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib52"
              "etiqueta" => "52&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Apnea and snoring&#58; state of the art and future directions"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "paginaInicial" => "205"
                        "paginaFinal" => "236"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            52 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib53"
              "etiqueta" => "53&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of sleep apnoea in the Spanish adult population"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Intern J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "381"
                        "paginaFinal" => "386"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            53 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib54"
              "etiqueta" => "54&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalencia de trastornos del sue&#241;o en Madrid&#44; Espa&#241;a"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "441"
                        "paginaFinal" => "448"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            54 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib55"
              "etiqueta" => "55&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Snoring and myocardial infarction&#58; a 4-year follow-up study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Respir Med"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "93"
                        "paginaInicial" => "108"
                        "paginaFinal" => "112"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            55 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib56"
              "etiqueta" => "56&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Risk factors in a general population for snoring&#46; Importance of cigarette smoking and obesity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "93"
                        "paginaInicial" => "678"
                        "paginaFinal" => "683"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            56 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib57"
              "etiqueta" => "57&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Some epidemiological data on snoring and cardiocirculatory disturbances"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sleep"
                        "fecha" => "1980"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "221"
                        "paginaFinal" => "224"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            57 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib58"
              "etiqueta" => "58&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Snoring and sleep apnea&#46; A population study in Australian men"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.151.5.7735600"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "151"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1459"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1465"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            58 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib59"
              "etiqueta" => "59&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Predictors and prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring in 1001 middle aged men"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Thorax"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "85"
                        "paginaFinal" => "90"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            59 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib60"
              "etiqueta" => "60&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of habitual snoring in a sample of French males&#46; Role of &#8220;minor&#8221; nose-throat abnormalities"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "50528"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Respiration"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "68"
                        "paginaInicial" => "365"
                        "paginaFinal" => "370"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            60 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib61"
              "etiqueta" => "61&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Chronic nasal congestion at night is a risk factor for snoring in a population-based cohort study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "161"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1514"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1519"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            61 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib62"
              "etiqueta" => "62&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Smoking and improvement after nasal surgery in snoring men"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Rhinol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "169"
                        "paginaFinal" => "173"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            62 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib63"
              "etiqueta" => "63&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Rhinoscopical findings in nickel workers&#44; with special emphasis on the influence of nickel exposure and smoking habits"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Otolaryngol"
                        "fecha" => "1979"
                        "volumen" => "88"
                        "paginaInicial" => "279"
                        "paginaFinal" => "288"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            63 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib64"
              "etiqueta" => "64&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The impact of cigarette smoking and environmental tobacco smoke on nasal and sinus disease&#58; a review of the literature"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Rhinol"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "435"
                        "paginaFinal" => "438"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            64 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib65"
              "etiqueta" => "65&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Smoking as a risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "154"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2219"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2224"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            65 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib66"
              "etiqueta" => "66&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The relation between snoring and smoking&#44; body mass index&#44; age&#44; alcohol consumption and respiratory symptoms"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "599"
                        "paginaFinal" => "603"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            66 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib67"
              "etiqueta" => "67&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Symptoms related to obstructive sleep apnoea are common in subjects with asthma&#44; chronic bronchitis and rhinitis in a general population"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1053/rmed.2001.1054"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Respir Med"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "95"
                        "paginaInicial" => "423"
                        "paginaFinal" => "429"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            67 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib68"
              "etiqueta" => "68&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The influence of active and passive smoking on habitual snoring"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.200404-474OC"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "170"
                        "paginaInicial" => "799"
                        "paginaFinal" => "803"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            68 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib69"
              "etiqueta" => "69&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Risk factors and correlates of snoring and observed apnea"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.sleep.2007.04.018"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sleep Med"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "290"
                        "paginaFinal" => "296"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            69 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib70"
              "etiqueta" => "70&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diagnostic work-up of socially unacceptable snoring&#46; II&#46; Sleep endoscopy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "259"
                        "paginaInicial" => "158"
                        "paginaFinal" => "161"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            70 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib71"
              "etiqueta" => "71&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Obstructive sleep apnoea in adults presenting with snoring"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "401"
                        "paginaFinal" => "405"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            71 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib72"
              "etiqueta" => "72&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on sleep respiratory and arousal patterns in neonates"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Perinatol"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "435"
                        "paginaFinal" => "438"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            72 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib73"
              "etiqueta" => "73&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cigarette smoking and nocturnal sleep architecture"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/aje/kwj231"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "164"
                        "paginaInicial" => "529"
                        "paginaFinal" => "537"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            73 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib74"
              "etiqueta" => "74&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Power spectral analysis of EEG activity during sleep in cigarette smokers"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1378/chest.07-1190"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "133"
                        "paginaInicial" => "427"
                        "paginaFinal" => "432"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            74 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib75"
              "etiqueta" => "75&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Is sleep apnea a predisposing factor for tobacco use&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Hypotheses"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "47"
                        "paginaInicial" => "443"
                        "paginaFinal" => "448"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            75 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib76"
              "etiqueta" => "76&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Acute effects of cigarette smoke on breathing in rats&#58; vagal and nonvagal mechanisms"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Appl Physiol"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "68"
                        "paginaInicial" => "955"
                        "paginaFinal" => "961"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            76 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib77"
              "etiqueta" => "77&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Acute effects of transdermal nicotine on sleep architecture&#44; snoring&#44; and sleep-disordered breathing in nonsmokers"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.150.2.8049831"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "150"
                        "paginaInicial" => "469"
                        "paginaFinal" => "474"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            77 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib78"
              "etiqueta" => "78&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Nicotine&#58; a different approach to treatment of obstructive sleep apnea"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "87"
                        "paginaInicial" => "11"
                        "paginaFinal" => "17"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            78 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib79"
              "etiqueta" => "79&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Higher prevalence of smoking in patients diagnosed as having obstructive sleep apnea"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s11325-001-0167-5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sleep Breath"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "167"
                        "paginaFinal" => "172"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            79 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib80"
              "etiqueta" => "80&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Relationship between smoking and sleep apnea in clinic population"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sleep"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "519"
                        "paginaFinal" => "524"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            80 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib81"
              "etiqueta" => "81&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnea in adults&#58; population-based study in Southern Brazil"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Saude Publica"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "42"
                        "paginaInicial" => "224"
                        "paginaFinal" => "233"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            81 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib82"
              "etiqueta" => "82&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of obesity&#44; hypertension and smoking in patients with the sleep apnea syndrome &#8211; comparison with the Czech population"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cas Lek Cesk"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "139"
                        "paginaInicial" => "339"
                        "paginaFinal" => "342"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            82 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib83"
              "etiqueta" => "83&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cigarette smoking behavior and respiratory alterations during sleep in a healthy population"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s11325-002-0019-y"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sleep Breath"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "19"
                        "paginaFinal" => "24"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            83 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib84"
              "etiqueta" => "84&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Gu&#237;a de diagn&#243;stico y tratamiento del s&#237;ndrome de apneas-hipopneas del sue&#241;o en el ni&#241;o"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "65"
                        "paginaInicial" => "364"
                        "paginaFinal" => "376"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            84 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib85"
              "etiqueta" => "85&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Neurobehavioral implications of habitual snoring in children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "114"
                        "paginaInicial" => "44"
                        "paginaFinal" => "49"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            85 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib86"
              "etiqueta" => "86&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Snoring&#44; intermittent hypoxia and academic performance in primary school children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.200212-1397OC"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "168"
                        "paginaInicial" => "464"
                        "paginaFinal" => "468"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            86 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib87"
              "etiqueta" => "87&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Habitual snoring&#44; intermittent hypoxia&#44; and impaired behavior in primary school children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1542/peds.2003-1145-L"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "114"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1041"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1048"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            87 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib88"
              "etiqueta" => "88&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tendencias a la exposici&#243;n al tabaquismo durante la gestaci&#243;n&#58; Barcelona&#44; 1994-2001"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "60"
                        "paginaInicial" => "139"
                        "paginaFinal" => "141"
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            88 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib89"
              "etiqueta" => "89&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Environmental tobacco smoke exposure&#58; prevalence and mechanisms of causation of infections in children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1542/peds.2005-1886"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "117"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1745"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1754"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            89 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib90"
              "etiqueta" => "90&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tabaquismo parenteral y funci&#243;n pulmonar en ni&#241;os y adolescentes sanos"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "81"
                        "paginaFinal" => "85"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            90 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib91"
              "etiqueta" => "91&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Exposici&#243;n al humo ambiental de tabaco en la infancia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "67"
                        "paginaInicial" => "101"
                        "paginaFinal" => "103"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            91 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib92"
              "etiqueta" => "92&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking is associated with a decrease in arousal in infants"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "135"
                        "paginaInicial" => "34"
                        "paginaFinal" => "38"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            92 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib93"
              "etiqueta" => "93&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Influences of maternal cigarette smoking on infant arousability"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2004.04.005"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Early Hum Dev"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "79"
                        "paginaInicial" => "49"
                        "paginaFinal" => "58"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            93 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib94"
              "etiqueta" => "94&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Perinatal nicotine exposure impairs ability of newborn rats to autoresuscitate from apnea during hypoxia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Appl Physiol"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "85"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2066"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2074"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            94 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib95"
              "etiqueta" => "95&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Hypoxic and hypercapneic arousal responses and prediction of subsequent apnea in apnea of infancy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "75"
                        "paginaInicial" => "848"
                        "paginaFinal" => "854"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            95 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib96"
              "etiqueta" => "96&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prenatal exposure to cigarettes in infants with obstructive sleep apneas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "93"
                        "paginaInicial" => "778"
                        "paginaFinal" => "783"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            96 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib97"
              "etiqueta" => "97&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Snoring in children&#58; association with respiratory symptoms and passive smoking"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "299"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1491"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1494"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            97 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib98"
              "etiqueta" => "98&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sleep and neurobehavioral characteristics of 5- to 7-year-old children with parentally reported symptoms of attention-deficit&#47;hyperactivity disorder"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "111"
                        "paginaInicial" => "554"
                        "paginaFinal" => "563"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            98 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib99"
              "etiqueta" => "99&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of snoring and symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing in primary school children in istanbul"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1378/chest.126.1.19"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "126"
                        "paginaInicial" => "19"
                        "paginaFinal" => "24"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            99 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib100"
              "etiqueta" => "100&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Morning levels of fibrinogen in children with sleep-disordered breathing"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.04.00009804"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "790"
                        "paginaFinal" => "797"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            100 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib101"
              "etiqueta" => "101&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Very low birth weight increases risk for sleep-disordered breathing in young adulthood&#58; the Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1542/peds.2007-0540"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "120"
                        "paginaInicial" => "778"
                        "paginaFinal" => "784"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            101 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib102"
              "etiqueta" => "102&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Snoring in preschool children&#58; prevalence&#44; severity and risk factors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00088407"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "326"
                        "paginaFinal" => "333"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            102 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib103"
              "etiqueta" => "103&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "89"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1120"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1126"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            103 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib104"
              "etiqueta" => "104&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Passive smoking and sudden infant death syndrome&#58; review of the epidemiological evidence"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Thorax"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "52"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1003"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1009"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            104 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib105"
              "etiqueta" => "105&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces atherosclerosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.200612-1771OC"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "175"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1290"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1297"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            105 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib106"
              "etiqueta" => "106&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on early signs of atherosclerosis in obstructive sleep apnea"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.200703-500OC"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "176"
                        "paginaInicial" => "706"
                        "paginaFinal" => "712"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            106 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib107"
              "etiqueta" => "107&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Abnormal lipid peroxidation in patients with sleep apnoea"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "644"
                        "paginaFinal" => "647"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            107 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib108"
              "etiqueta" => "108&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antioxidant status in patients with sleep apnoea and impact of continuous positive airway pressure treatment"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.06.00067605"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "756"
                        "paginaFinal" => "760"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            108 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib109"
              "etiqueta" => "109&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Increased adhesion molecules expression and production of reactive oxygen species in leukocytes of sleep apnea patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.165.7.2104126"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "165"
                        "paginaInicial" => "934"
                        "paginaFinal" => "939"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            109 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib110"
              "etiqueta" => "110&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Smoking interacts with sleep apnea to increase cardiovascular risk"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.sleep.2007.03.018"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sleep Med"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "247"
                        "paginaFinal" => "253"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            110 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib111"
              "etiqueta" => "111&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Action of nicotine on the respiratory activity of the diaphragm and genioglossus muscles and the nerves that innervate them"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Respir Physiol"
                        "fecha" => "1984"
                        "volumen" => "57"
                        "paginaInicial" => "153"
                        "paginaFinal" => "169"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            111 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib112"
              "etiqueta" => "112&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Responses to chemical stimulation of upper airway muscles diaphragm in awake cats"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Appl Physiol"
                        "fecha" => "1984"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "paginaInicial" => "397"
                        "paginaFinal" => "403"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            112 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib113"
              "etiqueta" => "113&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The impact of smoking cessation on objective and subjective markers of sleep&#58; review&#44; synthesis&#44; and recommendations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [ …2]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nicotine Tob Res"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "913"
                        "paginaFinal" => "925"
                        "link" => array:1 [ …1]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ …3]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/15792129/0000004500000009/v1_201305150430/S1579212909734871/v1_201305150430/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "14573"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Review article"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000004500000009/v1_201305150430/S1579212909734871/v1_201305150430/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212909734871?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 45. Issue 9.
Pages 449-458 (September 2009)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 45. Issue 9.
Pages 449-458 (September 2009)
Review Article
Full text access
Smoking and Sleep Disorders
Tabaco y trastornos del sueño
Visits
5540
Catalina Balaguer Alexander Palou, Alberto Alonso-Fernández
Corresponding author
Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Abstract

Snoring and sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) are two disorders of considerable relevance due to their high prevalence in the general population and their notable morbidity and mortality, particularly in association with their harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. As well as sex, age, weight, craniofacial malformations, alcohol consumption, and use of hypnotic drugs, it has been suggested that smoking may be a risk factor for developing sleep-disordered breathing. While there is solid evidence for the independent association between snoring and smoking in both children and adults, it is still unclear whether smoking constitutes an independent risk factor for developing SAHS, despite the many studies carried out to assess this link. This is probably because the association, if it exists, is very weak.

Keywords:
Smoking
Obstructive
Sleep
Apnea-Hypopnea
Syndrome
Snoring
Resumen

El ronquido y el síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño (SAHS) son dos enfermedades con una importante relevancia, debido a su elevada prevalencia en la población general y a su destacable morbimortalidad, asociada sobre todo a sus consecuencias nocivas sobre el sistema cardiovascular. Además del sexo, la edad, el peso, las malformaciones craneofaciales, el consumo de alcohol y los fármacos hipnóticos, se ha postulado que el tabaco puede constituir un factor de riesgo para desarrollar trastornos respiratorios durante el sueño. Si bien existe una evidencia sólida de la asociación independiente entre ronquido y tabaco tanto en niños como en adultos, en el caso del SAHS, a pesar de haber numerosos trabajos que evalúan dicha cuestión, todavía no está suficientemente claro si el tabaco constituye un factor de riesgo independiente para el desarrollo de SAHS, probablemente porque, si tal asociación existe, debe de ser muy débil.

Palabras clave:
Tabaco
Síndrome de apneas-hipopneas obstructivas del sueño
Ronquido
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1.]
P.L. Enright, A.B. Newman, P.W. Wahl, T.A. Manolio, E.F. Haponik, P.J. Boyle.
Prevalence and correlates of snoring and observed apneas in 5,201 older adults.
Sleep, 19 (1996), pp. 531-538
[2.]
T. Gislason, M. Almqvist, G. Eriksson, A. Taube, G. Boman.
Prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome among Swedish men – an epidemiological study.
J Clin Epidemiol, 41 (1988), pp. 571-576
[3.]
L.G. Larsson, A. Lindberg, K.A. Franklin, B. Lundback.
Gender differences in symptoms related to sleep apnea in a general population and in relation to referral to sleep clinic.
Chest, 124 (2003), pp. 204-211
[4.]
E. Lindberg, A. Taube, C. Janson, T. Gislason, K. Svardsudd, G. Boman.
A 10-year follow-up of snoring in men.
Chest, 114 (1998), pp. 1048-1055
[5.]
D.J. Gottlieb, Q. Yao, S. Redline, T. Ali, M.W. Mahowald.
Does snoring predict sleepiness independently of apnea and hypopnea frequency?.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 162 (2000), pp. 1512-1517
[6.]
C. Guilleminault, R. Stoohs, S. Duncan.
Snoring (I). Daytime sleepiness in regular heavy snorers.
Chest, 99 (1991), pp. 40-48
[7.]
C. Janson, G. Hillerdal, L. Larsson, E. Hultcrantz, C.E. Lindholm, H. Bengtsson, et al.
Excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue in nonapnoeic snorers: improvement after UPPP.
Eur Respir J, 7 (1994), pp. 845-849
[8.]
F.B. Hu, W.C. Willett, J.E. Manson, G.A. Colditz, E.B. Rimm, F.E. Speizer, et al.
Snoring and risk of cardiovascular disease in women.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 35 (2000), pp. 308-313
[9.]
A. Elmasry, C. Janson, E. Lindberg, T. Gislason, M.A. Tageldin, G. Boman.
The role of habitual snoring and obesity in the development of diabetes: a 10-year followup study in a male population.
J Intern Med, 248 (2000), pp. 13-20
[10.]
K.A. Franklin, P.A. Holmgren, F. Jonsson, N. Poromaa, H. Stenlund, E. Svanborg.
Snoring, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and growth retardation of the fetus.
Chest, 117 (2000), pp. 137-141
[11.]
J. Durán-Cantolla, M.N. González.
Documento de consenso nacional sobre el síndrome de apneas-hipopneas obstructivas durante el sueño.
Arch Bronconeumol, 41 (2005), pp. 12-29
[12.]
J. Duran, S. Esnaola, R. Rubio, A. Iztueta.
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and related clinical features in a population-based sample of subjects aged 30 to 70 yr.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 163 (2001), pp. 685-689
[13.]
T. Young, M. Palta, J. Dempsey, J. Skatrud, S. Weber, S. Badr.
The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults.
N Engl J Med, 328 (1993), pp. 1230-1235
[14.]
A. Alonso-Fernández, F. García-Río, M.A. Racionero, J.M. Pino, F. Ortuño, I. Martínez, et al.
Cardiac rhythm disturbances and ST-segment depression episodes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and its mechanisms.
Chest, 127 (2005), pp. 15-22
[15.]
A. Alonso-Fernández, F. García-Río, M.A. Arias, O. Mediano, J.M. Pino, I. Martínez, et al.
Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypoapnoea syndrome reversibly depresses cardiac response to exercise.
Eur Heart J, 27 (2006), pp. 207-215
[16.]
M.A. Arias, F. García-Río, A. Alonso-Fernández, O. Mediano, I. Martínez, J. Villamor.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome affects left ventricular diastolic function: effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure in men.
Circulation, 112 (2005), pp. 375-383
[17.]
J.M. Marín, S.J. Carrizo, E. Vicente, A.G. Agustí.
Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study.
Lancet, 365 (2005), pp. 1046-1053
[18.]
O. Parra, A. Arboix, S. Bechich, L. García-Eroles, J.M. Montserrat, L. Quintó.
Influencia de los trastornos respiratorios del sueño sobre la supervivencia de pacientes con primer episodio de ictus o accidente isquémico transitorio.
Arch Bronconeumol, 36 (2000), pp. 8
[19.]
J. Terán-Santos, A. Jiménez-Gómez, J. Cordero-Guevara.
The association between sleep apnea and the risk of traffic accidents. Cooperative Group Burgos-Santander.
N Engl J Med, 340 (1999), pp. 847-851
[20.]
C.M. Baldwin, K.A. Griffith, F.J. Nieto, G.T. O’Connor, J.A. Walsleben, S. Redline.
The association of sleep-disordered breathing and sleep symptoms with quality of life in the Sleep Heart Health Study.
Sleep, 24 (2001), pp. 96-105
[21.]
P. Lavie, P. Herer, R. Peled, I. Berger, N. Yoffe, J. Zomer, et al.
Mortality in sleep apnea patients: a multivariate analysis of risk factors.
Sleep, 18 (1995), pp. 149-157
[22.]
N. Roure, O. Mediano, J. Durán-Cantolla, R.F. García, M. De la Peña, F. Capote, et al.
Diferencias en las variables clínicas y polisomnográficas entre varones y mujeres en pacientes con síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño.
Arch Bronconeumol, 44 (2008), pp. 685-688
[23.]
A. Sánchez, A.R. Schwartz, P.L. Sánchez, J.L. Fernández, J. Ramos, F. Martín-Herrero, et al.
Marcadores hemodinámicos e inflamatorios del síndrome de apneashipopneas durante el sueño e hipoxemia nocturna. Efectos del tratamiento nasal con presión positiva continua de la vía aérea nasal.
Arch Bronconeumol, 44 (2008), pp. 531-539
[24.]
J.A. Moro, L. Almenar, E. Fernández-Fabrellas, S. Ponce, R. Blanquer, A. Salvador.
Disfunción miocárdica silente en pacientes con síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño. Valor del índice de rendimiento miocárdico.
Arch Bronconeumol, 44 (2008), pp. 418-423
[25.]
M.L. Alonso Álvarez, S.J. Terán, J.A. Cordero Guevara, A.I. Navazo Eguia, C.E. Ordax, J.F. Masa Jiménez, et al.
Fiabilidad de la poligrafía respiratoria domiciliaria para el diagnóstico del síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño.
Arch Bronconeumol, 44 (2008), pp. 318-323
[26.]
M.A. Martínez-García, J.J. Soler-Cataluna, P. Roman-Sánchez, C. Amorós, L. Quiles, E. Chiner-Vives, et al.
Eficacia de un plan de formación en atención primaria sobre el síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño.
Arch Bronconeumol, 44 (2008), pp. 15-21
[27.]
B. Ciftci, T.U. Ciftci, S.F. Guven.
Polisomnografía partida y polisomnografía de toda la noche: comparación entre la primera y la segunda partes de la noche.
Arch Bronconeumol, 44 (2008), pp. 3-7
[28.]
G.B. Jurado, M.J. Redel, C.L. Muñoz, M.C. Fernández Marín, G.E. Muñoz, M.A. Martín Pérez, et al.
Coste-eficiencia y grado de satisfacción de la poligrafía domiciliaria en pacientes con síntomas de apnea del sueño.
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 605-610
[29.]
S. Vidal, M. Ferrer, C. Masuet, M. Somoza, J.I. Martínez Ballarín, C. Monasterio.
Valores de la versión española del cuestionario del impacto funcional del sueño (FOSQ) en sujetos sanos y en pacientes con apnea obstructiva del sueño.
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 256-261
[30.]
J.F. Masa Jiménez, I.F. Barbé, G.F. Capote, V.E. Chiner, D.A. Díaz, C.J. Durán, et al.
Recursos y demoras en el diagnóstico del síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño (SAHS).
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 188-198
[31.]
J.F. Masa Jiménez, P.J. Corral, L.E. García, J.M. Montserrat.
2006: Año de la Apnea del Sueño. Análisis de las publicaciones en Archivos de Bronconeumologia.
Arch Bronconeumol, 44 (2008), pp. 611-620
[32.]
P.E. Peppard, T. Young, M. Palta, J. Dempsey, J. Skatrud.
Longitudinal study of moderate weight change and sleep-disordered breathing.
JAMA, 284 (2000), pp. 3015-3021
[33.]
T. Young, J. Skatrud, P.E. Peppard.
Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults.
JAMA, 291 (2004), pp. 2013-2016
[34.]
J.A. Dempsey, J.B. Skatrud, A.J. Jacques, S.J. Ewanowski, B.T. Woodson, P.R. Hanson, et al.
Anatomic determinants of sleep-disordered breathing across the spectrum of clinical and nonclinical male subjects.
Chest, 122 (2002), pp. 840-851
[35.]
C.A. Ruiz, A.R. Pinedo, J.A. Miranda, J.A. Bermúdez.
Año SEPAR 2007: año para la prevención y el control del tabaquismo.
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 423-424
[36.]
S.J. Villanueva Serrano, J.I. Granda Orive, R.A. Benavent, F.G. Río, J.C. Zurian, A.A. Arroyo.
Análisis de la red de colaboración científica sobre tabaquismo entre centros sanitarios españoles a través del Science Citation Index (1999-2003).
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 378-385
[37.]
J.I. Granda-Orive, R.F. García, B.R. Aleixandre, J.C. Valderrama Zurian, C.A. Jiménez Ruiz, R.S. Solano, et al.
Producción española en tabaquismo a través del Science Citation Index (1999-2003). Situación en el contexto mundial y de la Unión Europea.
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 212-218
[38.]
J.A. Riesco Miranda.
Efectos no respiratorios del tabaco.
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 477-478
[39.]
C.J. Bellido.
Asma y tabaco: una unión inconveniente.
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 340-345
[40.]
A. Cayuela, S. Rodríguez-Domínguez, R. Otero.
Deterioro de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en fumadores varones sanos.
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 59-63
[41.]
C.J. Bellido, J.C. Martín Escudero, L.A. Duenas.
Consideraciones sobre el uso del cuestionario SF-36 en la medida de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los fumadores.
Arch Bronconeumol, 44 (2008), pp. 176
[42.]
C.G. Gómez, F.M. Barrueco, C. Aparicio, J.A. Maderuelo, G.M. Torrecilla.
Programa de prevención del tabaquismo en alumnos de enseñanza secundaria.
Arch Bronconeumol, 45 (2009), pp. 16-23
[43.]
C.A. Jiménez-Ruiz, J.A. Riesco Miranda, P.A. Ramos, F.M. Barrueco, R.S. Solano, J.I. Granda Orive, et al.
Recomendaciones para el tratamiento farmacológico del tabaquismo. Propuestas de financiación.
Arch Bronconeumol, 44 (2008), pp. 213-219
[44.]
I. Nerin, P. Novella, A. Beamonte, P. Gargallo, A. Jiménez-Muro, A. Marqueta.
Resultados del tratamiento del tabaquismo en una unidad especializada.
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 669-673
[45.]
A.L. Sánchez, J.M. Carreras Castellet.
Unidades de tabaquismo por internet.
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 1-3
[46.]
F.M. Barrueco, G.M. Torrecilla, M.A. Hernández Mezquita, C.A. Jiménez Ruiz, S.A. Morales, D.A. Alonso, et al.
Deshabituación tabáquica. Valor del resultado en la fase de acción sobre el resultado en la fase de consolidación.
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 136-142
[47.]
M. Barrueco, C.G. Gómez, M. Torrecilla, T.A. Pérez, M.C. Bartolome.
Valor de la intervención breve y los tratamientos farmacológicos para dejar de fumar en adolescentes.
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 334-339
[48.]
I. Nerin, A. Beamonte, P. Gargallo, A. Jiménez-Muro, A. Marqueta.
Ganancia ponderal al dejar de fumar y su relación con la ansiedad.
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 9-15
[49.]
V. Hoffstein.
Snoring.
Chest, 109 (1996), pp. 201-222
[50.]
O. Skatvedt.
Localization of site of obstruction in snorers and patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a comparison of fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy and pressure measurements.
Acta Otolaryngol, 113 (1993), pp. 206-209
[51.]
P.D. Littlefield, E.A. Mair.
Snoring surgery: which one is best for you?.
Ear Nose Throat J, 78 (1999), pp. 861-870
[52.]
V. Hoffstein.
Apnea and snoring: state of the art and future directions.
Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg, 56 (2002), pp. 205-236
[53.]
J.M. Marín, J.M. Gascón, S. Carrizo, J. Gispert.
Prevalence of sleep apnoea in the Spanish adult population.
Intern J Epidemiol, 26 (1997), pp. 381-386
[54.]
A. Vela-Bueno, M. De Iceta, C. Fernández.
Prevalencia de trastornos del sueño en Madrid, España.
Gac Sanit, 13 (1999), pp. 441-448
[55.]
C. Zamarrón, F. Gude, O.Y. Otero, J.R. Rodríguez-Suárez.
Snoring and myocardial infarction: a 4-year follow-up study.
Respir Med, 93 (1999), pp. 108-112
[56.]
J.W. Bloom, W.T. Kaltenborn, S.F. Quan.
Risk factors in a general population for snoring. Importance of cigarette smoking and obesity.
Chest, 93 (1988), pp. 678-683
[57.]
E. Lugaresi, F. Cirignotta, G. Coccagna, C. Piana.
Some epidemiological data on snoring and cardiocirculatory disturbances.
Sleep, 3 (1980), pp. 221-224
[58.]
H. Bearpark, L. Elliott, R. Grunstein, S. Cullen, H. Schneider, W. Althaus, et al.
Snoring and sleep apnea. A population study in Australian men.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 151 (1995), pp. 1459-1465
[59.]
J.R. Stradling, J.H. Crosby.
Predictors and prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring in 1001 middle aged men.
Thorax, 46 (1991), pp. 85-90
[60.]
D. Teculescu, B. Hannhart, A. Cornette, B. Montaut-Verient, J.M. Virion, J.P. Michaely.
Prevalence of habitual snoring in a sample of French males. Role of “minor” nose-throat abnormalities.
Respiration, 68 (2001), pp. 365-370
[61.]
T. Young, L. Finn, M. Palta.
Chronic nasal congestion at night is a risk factor for snoring in a population-based cohort study.
Arch Intern Med, 161 (2001), pp. 1514-1519
[62.]
P. Virkkula, M. Hytonen, A. Bachour, H. Malmberg, K. Hurmerinta, T. Salmi, et al.
Smoking and improvement after nasal surgery in snoring men.
Am J Rhinol, 21 (2007), pp. 169-173
[63.]
W. Torjussen.
Rhinoscopical findings in nickel workers, with special emphasis on the influence of nickel exposure and smoking habits.
Acta Otolaryngol, 88 (1979), pp. 279-288
[64.]
M.S. Benninger.
The impact of cigarette smoking and environmental tobacco smoke on nasal and sinus disease: a review of the literature.
Am J Rhinol, 13 (1999), pp. 435-438
[65.]
D.W. Wetter, T.B. Young, T.R. Bidwell, M.S. Badr, M. Palta.
Smoking as a risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing.
Arch Intern Med, 154 (1994), pp. 2219-2224
[66.]
F. Kauffmann, I. Annesi, F. Neukirch, M.P. Oryszczyn, A. Alperovitch.
The relation between snoring and smoking, body mass index, age, alcohol consumption and respiratory symptoms.
Eur Respir J, 2 (1989), pp. 599-603
[67.]
L.G. Larsson, A. Lindberg, K.A. Franklin, B. Lundback.
Symptoms related to obstructive sleep apnoea are common in subjects with asthma, chronic bronchitis and rhinitis in a general population.
Respir Med, 95 (2001), pp. 423-429
[68.]
K.A. Franklin, T. Gislason, E. Omenaas, R. Jogi, E.J. Jensen, E. Lindberg, et al.
The influence of active and passive smoking on habitual snoring.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 170 (2004), pp. 799-803
[69.]
M. Ekici, A. Ekici, H. Keles, A. Akin, A. Karlidag, M. Tunckol, et al.
Risk factors and correlates of snoring and observed apnea.
Sleep Med, 9 (2008), pp. 290-296
[70.]
N.S. Hessel, N. De Vries.
Diagnostic work-up of socially unacceptable snoring. II. Sleep endoscopy.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 259 (2002), pp. 158-161
[71.]
C.J. Woodhead, J.E. Davies, M.B. Allen.
Obstructive sleep apnoea in adults presenting with snoring.
Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci, 16 (1991), pp. 401-405
[72.]
E. Tirosh, D. Libon, D. Bader.
The effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on sleep respiratory and arousal patterns in neonates.
J Perinatol, 16 (1996), pp. 435-438
[73.]
L. Zhang, J. Samet, B. Caffo, N.M. Punjabi.
Cigarette smoking and nocturnal sleep architecture.
Am J Epidemiol, 164 (2006), pp. 529-537
[74.]
L. Zhang, J. Samet, B. Caffo, I. Bankman, N.M. Punjabi.
Power spectral analysis of EEG activity during sleep in cigarette smokers.
Chest, 133 (2008), pp. 427-432
[75.]
J.R. Schrand.
Is sleep apnea a predisposing factor for tobacco use?.
Med Hypotheses, 47 (1996), pp. 443-448
[76.]
L.Y. Lee, R.F. Morton, Y.R. Kou.
Acute effects of cigarette smoke on breathing in rats: vagal and nonvagal mechanisms.
J Appl Physiol, 68 (1990), pp. 955-961
[77.]
D.G. Davila, R.D. Hurt, K.P. Offord, C.D. Harris, J.W. Shepard Jr.
Acute effects of transdermal nicotine on sleep architecture, snoring, and sleep-disordered breathing in nonsmokers.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 150 (1994), pp. 469-474
[78.]
B. Gothe, K.P. Strohl, S. Levin, N.S. Cherniack.
Nicotine: a different approach to treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.
Chest, 87 (1985), pp. 11-17
[79.]
R. Kashyap, L.M. Hock, T.J. Bowman.
Higher prevalence of smoking in patients diagnosed as having obstructive sleep apnea.
Sleep Breath, 5 (2001), pp. 167-172
[80.]
V. Hoflstein.
Relationship between smoking and sleep apnea in clinic population.
Sleep, 25 (2002), pp. 519-524
[81.]
R.B. Noal, A.M. Menezes, S.F. Canani, F.V. Siqueira.
Habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnea in adults: population-based study in Southern Brazil.
Rev Saude Publica, 42 (2008), pp. 224-233
[82.]
K. Blazejova, K. Sonka, Z. Skodova, S. Nevsimalova.
Prevalence of obesity, hypertension and smoking in patients with the sleep apnea syndrome – comparison with the Czech population.
Cas Lek Cesk, 139 (2000), pp. 339-342
[83.]
G.G. Casasola, J.L. Álvarez-Sala, J.A. Marqués, J.M. Sánchez-Alarcos, D.P. Tashkin, D. Espinos.
Cigarette smoking behavior and respiratory alterations during sleep in a healthy population.
Sleep Breath, 6 (2002), pp. 19-24
[84.]
A. Villa Jr, C.C. Martínez, P.G. Pérez, A. Cortell, D. Gómez-Pastrana, G.D. Álvarez, E. González Perez-Yarza.
Guía de diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome de apneas-hipopneas del sueño en el niño.
An Pediatr (Barc), 65 (2006), pp. 364-376
[85.]
L.M. O’Brien, C.B. Mervis, C.R. Holbrook, J.L. Bruner, C.J. Klaus, J. Rutherford, et al.
Neurobehavioral implications of habitual snoring in children.
Pediatrics, 114 (2004), pp. 44-49
[86.]
M.S. Urschitz, A. Guenther, E. Eggebrecht, J. Wolff, P.M. Urschitz-Duprat, M. Schlaud, et al.
Snoring, intermittent hypoxia and academic performance in primary school children.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 168 (2003), pp. 464-468
[87.]
M.S. Urschitz, S. Eitner, A. Guenther, E. Eggebrecht, J. Wolff, P.M. Urschitz-Duprat, et al.
Habitual snoring, intermittent hypoxia, and impaired behavior in primary school children.
Pediatrics, 114 (2004), pp. 1041-1048
[88.]
J. Salvador, J.R. Villalbí, M. Nebot, C. Borrell.
Tendencias a la exposición al tabaquismo durante la gestación: Barcelona, 1994-2001.
An Pediatr (Barc), 60 (2004), pp. 139-141
[89.]
P. Kum-Nji, L. Meloy, H.G. Herrod.
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure: prevalence and mechanisms of causation of infections in children.
Pediatrics, 117 (2006), pp. 1745-1754
[90.]
F.J. González Barcala, B. Takkouche, L. Valdés, E. Temes, R. Leis, R. Cabanas, et al.
Tabaquismo parenteral y función pulmonar en niños y adolescentes sanos.
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 81-85
[91.]
R. Cordoba-García, N. García-Sánchez, R.G. Suárez López de Vergara, F.C. Galván.
Exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco en la infancia.
An Pediatr (Barc), 67 (2007), pp. 101-103
[92.]
P. Franco, J. Groswasser, S. Hassid, J.P. Lanquart, S. Scaillet, A. Kahn.
Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking is associated with a decrease in arousal in infants.
J Pediatr, 135 (1999), pp. 34-38
[93.]
R.S. Horne, P. Franco, T.M. Adamson, J. Groswasser, A. Kahn.
Influences of maternal cigarette smoking on infant arousability.
Early Hum Dev, 79 (2004), pp. 49-58
[94.]
J.E. Fewell, F.G. Smith.
Perinatal nicotine exposure impairs ability of newborn rats to autoresuscitate from apnea during hypoxia.
J Appl Physiol, 85 (1998), pp. 2066-2074
[95.]
A.L. Van der Hal, A.M. Rodríguez, C.W. Sargent, A.C. Platzker, T.G. Keens.
Hypoxic and hypercapneic arousal responses and prediction of subsequent apnea in apnea of infancy.
Pediatrics, 75 (1985), pp. 848-854
[96.]
A. Kahn, J. Groswasser, M. Sottiaux, I. Kelmanson, E. Rebuffat, P. Franco, et al.
Prenatal exposure to cigarettes in infants with obstructive sleep apneas.
Pediatrics, 93 (1994), pp. 778-783
[97.]
G.M. Corbo, F. Fuciarelli, A. Foresi, F. De Benedetto.
Snoring in children: association with respiratory symptoms and passive smoking.
BMJ, 299 (1989), pp. 1491-1494
[98.]
L.M. O’Brien, C.R. Holbrook, C.B. Mervis, C.J. Klaus, J.L. Bruner, T.J. Raffield, et al.
Sleep and neurobehavioral characteristics of 5- to 7-year-old children with parentally reported symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Pediatrics, 111 (2003), pp. 554-563
[99.]
R. Ersu, A.R. Arman, D. Save, B. Karadag, F. Karakoc, M. Berkem, et al.
Prevalence of snoring and symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing in primary school children in istanbul.
Chest, 126 (2004), pp. 19-24
[100.]
A.G. Kaditis, E.I. Alexopoulos, E. Kalampouka, E. Kostadima, N. Angelopoulos, A. Germenis, et al.
Morning levels of fibrinogen in children with sleep-disordered breathing.
Eur Respir J, 24 (2004), pp. 790-797
[101.]
E.J. Paavonen, S. Strang-Karlsson, K. Raikkonen, K. Heinonen, A.K. Pesonen, P. Hovi, et al.
Very low birth weight increases risk for sleep-disordered breathing in young adulthood: the Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults.
Pediatrics, 120 (2007), pp. 778-784
[102.]
C.E. Kuehni, M.P. Strippoli, E.S. Chauliac, M. Silverman.
Snoring in preschool children: prevalence, severity and risk factors.
Eur Respir J, 31 (2008), pp. 326-333
[103.]
American Academy of Pediatrics AAP Task Force on Infant Positioning and SIDS: positioning and SIDS.
Pediatrics, 89 (1992), pp. 1120-1126
[104.]
H.R. Anderson, D.G. Cook.
Passive smoking and sudden infant death syndrome: review of the epidemiological evidence.
Thorax, 52 (1997), pp. 1003-1009
[105.]
V. Savransky, A. Nanayakkara, J. Li, S. Bevans, P.L. Smith, A. Rodríguez, et al.
Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces atherosclerosis.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 175 (2007), pp. 1290-1297
[106.]
L.F. Drager, L.A. Bortolotto, A.C. Figueiredo, E.M. Krieger, G.F. Lorenzi.
Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on early signs of atherosclerosis in obstructive sleep apnea.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 176 (2007), pp. 706-712
[107.]
A. Barceló, C. Miralles, F. Barbé, M. Vila, S. Pons, A.G. Agustí.
Abnormal lipid peroxidation in patients with sleep apnoea.
Eur Respir J, 16 (2000), pp. 644-647
[108.]
A. Barceló, F. Barbé, M. De la Peña, M. Vila, G. Pérez, J. Pierola, et al.
Antioxidant status in patients with sleep apnoea and impact of continuous positive airway pressure treatment.
Eur Respir J, 27 (2006), pp. 756-760
[109.]
L. Dyugovskaya, P. Lavie, L. Lavie.
Increased adhesion molecules expression and production of reactive oxygen species in leukocytes of sleep apnea patients.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 165 (2002), pp. 934-939
[110.]
L. Lavie, P. Lavie.
Smoking interacts with sleep apnea to increase cardiovascular risk.
Sleep Med, 9 (2008), pp. 247-253
[111.]
M.A. Haxhiu, E. Van Lunteren, W.B. Van de Graaff, K.P. Strohl, E.N. Bruce, J. Mitra, et al.
Action of nicotine on the respiratory activity of the diaphragm and genioglossus muscles and the nerves that innervate them.
Respir Physiol, 57 (1984), pp. 153-169
[112.]
M.A. Haxhiu, E. Van Lunteren, J. Mitra, N.S. Cherniack.
Responses to chemical stimulation of upper airway muscles diaphragm in awake cats.
J Appl Physiol, 56 (1984), pp. 397-403
[113.]
I.M. Colrain, J. Trinder, G.E. Swan.
The impact of smoking cessation on objective and subjective markers of sleep: review, synthesis, and recommendations.
Nicotine Tob Res, 6 (2004), pp. 913-925
Copyright © 2009. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?