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Vol. 37. Issue 4.
Pages 160-165 (April 2001)
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Vol. 37. Issue 4.
Pages 160-165 (April 2001)
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Resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico y terapia combinada en el cáncer de pulmón no microcítico con invasión ganglionar mediastínica. Estudio retrospectivo
Surgery and combined therapy for non-small cell lung cancer with invasion of the mediastinal nodes. A retrospective study
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A. Arnau Obrer*, D. Pérez Alonso, F. Regueiro Mira, M.A. Cañizares Carretero, A. Cervera Juan, M. Granell Gil, S. Roch Tejerina, A. Cantó Armengod
Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital General Universitario de Valencia
E. Martín Díaz*
* Hospital Virgen de la Candelaria. Santa Cruz de Tenerife
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Objetivo

Analizar la supervivencia de los pacientes clasificados N2M0 (N2 citohistológicos) con cáncer de pulmón no microcítico tratados mediante resección quirúrgica del tumor primario, linfadenectomía y terapias neo y adyuvantes asociadas.

Pacientes Y Métodos

Entre 1.043 pacientes consecutivos con cáncer de pulmón valorados para cirugía desde 1990 hasta 2000, hallamos 155 clasificados N2M0 por histología y realizamos la exéresis quirúrgica del tumor pulmonar primario y la linfadenectomía en 116 pacientes de los 130 que llevaron toracotomía. En los 116 pacientes N2M0 con resección quirúrgica, 23 fueron diagnosticados N2c(C3) por mediastinoscopia y/o mediastinotomía y siguieron quimioterapia (QT) de inducción (mitomicina/ifosfamida/cisplatino, 3 ciclos), y otros 93 se diagnosticaron N2pM0 con las muestras obtenidas del tejido linfático mediastínico en la toracotomía; de estos últimos, 19 tenían una exploración quirúrgica mediastínica previa negativa. Los pacientes diagnosticados N2p tras la toracotomía siguieron tratamiento adyuvante con QT, radioterapia (RT), o ambas. A los N2p que siguieron terapia de inducción se les administró RT. Los negativizados tras la linfadenectomía y los pacientes graves no recibieron tratamiento adyuvante alguno.

Resultados

La mediana de supervivencia de los pacientes resecados (23/49) diagnosticados N2(C3) por mediastinoscopia/ mediastinotomía y con QT de inducción fue de 18 meses, y la supervivencia al año, a los 2 y a los 5 años fue del 80, el 45 y el 30%, respectivamente. No hubo mortalidad postoperatoria en este grupo. Un paciente presentó una fístula boncopleural. En 9 pacientes no se evidenció enfermedad ganglionar mediastínica residual tras la linfadenectomía. La mediana de supervivencia de los pacientes resecados (93/106) diagnosticados N2p en la toracotomía fue de 13 meses, y al año, 2 y 5 años presentaron una supervivencia del 56, el 31 y el 19%, respectivamente. Fallecieron 14 personas en los 30 primeros días del postoperatorio. Nueve pacientes presentaron una fístula broncopleural. La diferencia de supervivencia entre los pacientes de ambos grupos no fue significativa.

Conclusiones

La confirmación citohistológica de enfermedad N2 puede considerarse de mal pronóstico. La cirugía estándar y completa, con terapia de inducción en los pacientes seleccionados, mejoró la supervivencia que presentaron aquellos diagnosticados N2 en la toracotomía, sin diferencias estadísticas significativas.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de pulmón
Cirugía
Quimioterapia
Objective

To analyze the survival of patients classified N2M0 (N2 cytology/histology) with non-small cell lung cancer treated by surgical resection of the primary tumor, lymphadenectomy and neo-adjuvant therapy.

Patients And Methods

Among 1,043 consecutive patients with lung cancer treated between 1990 and 2000, 155 were classified N2M0 by histology. Of 130 patients undergoing thoracotomy, excision of the primary pulmonary tumor and lymphadenectomy were performed in 116. Among the 116 N2M0 patients undergoing surgical resection, 23 were diagnosed N2c(C3) by mediastinoscopy and/or mediastinotomy and received induction chemotherapy (CT) with mitomycin/ifosfamide/cisplatin (3 cycles) and 93 were diagnosed N2pM0 after examination of samples of mediastinal lymph tissue taken during thoracotomy; for 19 of these patients, earlier surgical exploration of the mediastinum had been negative. The patient diagnosed N2p after thoracotomy also received CT and/or radiotherapy (RT). N2p patients who received induction CT also received RT. Those who were negative after lymphadenectomy and severely ill patients received no adjuvant therapy of any type.

Results

Mean survival of resected patients (23/49) diagnosed N2(C3) by mediastinoscopy/mediastinotomy and who received induction CT was 18 months. Survival at 1, 2 and 5 years was 80%, 45% and 30%, respectively. No postoperative deaths occurred in this group. One patient developed a bronchopleural fistula. Nine patients showed no signs of re- sidual mediastinal node disease after lymphadenectomy. The mean survival of resected patients (93/106) diagnosed N2p after thoracotomy was 13 months and survival rates at 1, 2 and 5 years were 56%, 31% and 19%, respectively. Fourteen patients in this group died within 30 days of surgery. Nine patient developed bronchopleural fistulas. The difference in survival between the two groups was not significant.

Conclusions

Histologic or cytologic confirmation of N2 disease can be considered to indicate poor prognosis. Standard, complete surgery with induction CT in selected patients improves survival for those diagnosed N2 upon thoracotomy, with no statistically significant differences.

Key words:
Lung cancer
Surgery
Chemotherapy
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