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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There is some debate about the participation of the Hering-Breuer reflex during exercise in human beings&#46; This study aimed to investigate breathing pattern response during an incremental exercise test with a cycle ergometer&#46; Participation of the Hering-Breuer reflex in the control of breathing was to be indirectly investigated by analyzing the ratio of tidal volume &#40;V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>&#41; to inspiratory time &#40;t<span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Subjects and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The 9 active subjects who participated the study followed an incremental protocol on a cycle ergometer until peak criteria were reached&#46; During exercise&#44; V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>&#47;t<span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span> can be described in 2 phases&#44; separated by activation of the Hering-Breuer reflex &#40;inspiratory off-switch threshold&#41;&#46; In phase 1&#44; ventilation increases because V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span> increases&#44; resulting in a slight decrease in T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>&#44; whereas&#44; in phase 2&#44; increased ventilation is due to both an increase in V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span> and a decrease in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mean &#40;SD&#41; inspiratory off-switch threshold was 84&#46;6&#37; &#40;6&#46;3&#37;&#41; when expressed relative to peak V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span> &#40;mean&#44; 3065 &#91;566&#46;8&#93; mL&#41; and 48&#37; &#40;7&#46;2&#37;&#41; relative to the forced vital capacity measured by resting spirometry&#46; The inspiratory off-switch threshold correlated positively &#40;r&#61;0&#46;93&#41; with the second ventilatory threshold&#44; or respiratory compensation point&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The inspiratory off-switch threshold and VT are directly related to one another&#46; The inspiratory off-switch threshold was related to the second ventilatory threshold&#44; suggesting that the Hering-Breuer reflex participates in control of the breathing pattern during exercise&#46; Activation of the reflex could contribute by signaling the respiratory centers to change the breathing pattern&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La participaci&#243;n del reflejo de Hering-Breuer durante el ejercicio en seres humanos es objeto de discusi&#243;n&#46; El prop&#243;sito del presente trabajo ha sido estudiar la respuesta del patr&#243;n respiratorio durante un esfuerzo incremental en cicloerg&#243;metro para comprobar&#44; de forma indirecta&#44; mediante el an&#225;lisis de la relaci&#243;n volumen corriente-tiempo inspiratorio &#40;V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>&#47;t<span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>&#41;&#44; la participaci&#243;n del reflejo de Hering-Breuer en el control de la respiraci&#243;n&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Sujetos y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Han participado en el estudio 9 sujetos activos que han llevado a cabo un protocolo incremental en cicloerg&#243;metro hasta alcanzar criterios m&#225;ximos&#46; Se ha comprobado que la relaci&#243;n V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span> durante el ejercicio pre-senta 2 fases con un punto de ruptura&#44; denominado punto de ruptura Hering-Breuer &#40;PHB&#41;&#58; fase I&#44; donde el incremen-to de la ventilaci&#243;n se produce a expensas del aumento del V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">t</span> con ligero descenso del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>&#44; y fase II&#44; durante la cual el incremento ventilatorio se produce tanto por el aumento del V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">t</span>como por el descenso del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En el estudio&#44; el PHB se alcanzaba a un valor medio &#40;&#177; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#41; del 84&#44;6 &#177; 6&#44;3&#37; respecto al m&#225;ximo valor de V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span> &#40;3&#46;065 &#177; 566&#44;8 ml&#41; y de un 48 &#177; 7&#44;2&#37; respecto al valor de la capacidad vital forzada medida en la espirometr&#237;a de reposo&#46; El PHB se relacion&#243; de forma positiva &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;93&#41; con el umbral ventilatorio 2 o umbral de compensaci&#243;n respiratoria&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Existe relaci&#243;n directa entre el PHB y V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>&#46; El PHB se relaciona con el umbral ventilatorio 2&#44; de manera que intervendr&#237;a en el control del patr&#243;n ventilatorio durante el ejercicio&#46; La entrada en funcionamiento del reflejo podr&#237;a contribuir informando a los centros respiratorios para llevar a cabo el cambio de patr&#243;n ventilatorio&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 42. Issue 2.
Pages 62-67 (February 2006)
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Vol. 42. Issue 2.
Pages 62-67 (February 2006)
Original Articles
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Response of Tidal Volume to Inspiratory Time Ratio During Incremental Exercise
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P.J. Benitoa,
Corresponding author
pedroj.benito@upm.es

Correspondence: Dr. P.J. Benito-Peinado. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación Física y del Deporte (INEF). Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Martín Fierro, s/n. 28040 Madrid. España
, F.J. Calderóna, A. García-Zapicob, J.C. Legidoc, J.A. Caballerod
a Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
b Facultad de Educación, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
c Escuela Profesional de Especialistas en Medicina de la Educación Física y del Deporte, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
d Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
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Objective

There is some debate about the participation of the Hering-Breuer reflex during exercise in human beings. This study aimed to investigate breathing pattern response during an incremental exercise test with a cycle ergometer. Participation of the Hering-Breuer reflex in the control of breathing was to be indirectly investigated by analyzing the ratio of tidal volume (VT) to inspiratory time (tI).

Subjects and methods

The 9 active subjects who participated the study followed an incremental protocol on a cycle ergometer until peak criteria were reached. During exercise, VT/tI can be described in 2 phases, separated by activation of the Hering-Breuer reflex (inspiratory off-switch threshold). In phase 1, ventilation increases because VT increases, resulting in a slight decrease in TI, whereas, in phase 2, increased ventilation is due to both an increase in VT and a decrease in tI.

Results

The mean (SD) inspiratory off-switch threshold was 84.6% (6.3%) when expressed relative to peak VT (mean, 3065 [566.8] mL) and 48% (7.2%) relative to the forced vital capacity measured by resting spirometry. The inspiratory off-switch threshold correlated positively (r=0.93) with the second ventilatory threshold, or respiratory compensation point.

Conclusions

The inspiratory off-switch threshold and VT are directly related to one another. The inspiratory off-switch threshold was related to the second ventilatory threshold, suggesting that the Hering-Breuer reflex participates in control of the breathing pattern during exercise. Activation of the reflex could contribute by signaling the respiratory centers to change the breathing pattern.

Key words:
Breathing pattern
Hering-Breuer reflex
Ventilatory threshold
Objetivo

La participación del reflejo de Hering-Breuer durante el ejercicio en seres humanos es objeto de discusión. El propósito del presente trabajo ha sido estudiar la respuesta del patrón respiratorio durante un esfuerzo incremental en cicloergómetro para comprobar, de forma indirecta, mediante el análisis de la relación volumen corriente-tiempo inspiratorio (VT/tI), la participación del reflejo de Hering-Breuer en el control de la respiración.

Sujetos y métodos

Han participado en el estudio 9 sujetos activos que han llevado a cabo un protocolo incremental en cicloergómetro hasta alcanzar criterios máximos. Se ha comprobado que la relación VT/tI durante el ejercicio pre-senta 2 fases con un punto de ruptura, denominado punto de ruptura Hering-Breuer (PHB): fase I, donde el incremen-to de la ventilación se produce a expensas del aumento del Vt con ligero descenso del tI, y fase II, durante la cual el incremento ventilatorio se produce tanto por el aumento del Vtcomo por el descenso del tI.

Resultados

En el estudio, el PHB se alcanzaba a un valor medio (± desviación estándar) del 84,6 ± 6,3% respecto al máximo valor de VT (3.065 ± 566,8 ml) y de un 48 ± 7,2% respecto al valor de la capacidad vital forzada medida en la espirometría de reposo. El PHB se relacionó de forma positiva (r = 0,93) con el umbral ventilatorio 2 o umbral de compensación respiratoria.

Conclusiones

Existe relación directa entre el PHB y VT/tI. El PHB se relaciona con el umbral ventilatorio 2, de manera que intervendría en el control del patrón ventilatorio durante el ejercicio. La entrada en funcionamiento del reflejo podría contribuir informando a los centros respiratorios para llevar a cabo el cambio de patrón ventilatorio.

Palabras clave:
Patrón respiratorio
Reflejo de Hering-Breuer
Umbral ventilatorio
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Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
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