Original Articles
Response of Tidal Volume to Inspiratory Time Ratio During Incremental Exercise
P.J. Benitoa,
, F.J. Calderóna, A. García-Zapicob, J.C. Legidoc, J.A. Caballerod
Corresponding author
pedroj.benito@upm.es
Correspondence: Dr. P.J. Benito-Peinado. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación Física y del Deporte (INEF). Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Martín Fierro, s/n. 28040 Madrid. España
Correspondence: Dr. P.J. Benito-Peinado. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación Física y del Deporte (INEF). Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Martín Fierro, s/n. 28040 Madrid. España
a Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
b Facultad de Educación, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
c Escuela Profesional de Especialistas en Medicina de la Educación Física y del Deporte, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
d Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
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Gómez-Caro, F.J. Moradiellos, E. Larrú, V. Díaz-Hellín, C. Marrón, J.A. Pérez-Antón, J.L. Martín de Nicolás" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "preGrado" => "Dr." "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Gómez-Caro" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F.J." "apellidos" => "Moradiellos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Larrú" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Díaz-Hellín" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Marrón" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.A." "apellidos" => "Pérez-Antón" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.L." "apellidos" => "Martín de Nicolás" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906601183?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004200000002/v1_201305150237/S1579212906601183/v1_201305150237/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>" "titulo" => "Response of Tidal Volume to Inspiratory Time Ratio During Incremental Exercise" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "62" "paginaFinal" => "67" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "P.J. Benito, F.J. Calderón, A. García-Zapico, J.C. Legido, J.A. Caballero" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:5 [ "preGrado" => "Dr." "nombre" => "P.J." "apellidos" => "Benito" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "pedroj.benito@upm.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F.J." "apellidos" => "Calderón" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "García-Zapico" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.C." "apellidos" => "Legido" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.A." "apellidos" => "Caballero" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff4" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Facultad de Educación, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Escuela Profesional de Especialistas en Medicina de la Educación Física y del Deporte, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff4" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dr. P.J. Benito-Peinado. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación Física y del Deporte (INEF). Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Martín Fierro, s/n. 28040 Madrid. España" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2004-10-18" "fechaAceptado" => "2005-10-11" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154241" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Breathing pattern" 1 => "Hering-Breuer reflex" 2 => "Ventilatory threshold" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154240" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Patrón respiratorio" 1 => "Reflejo de Hering-Breuer" 2 => "Umbral ventilatorio" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There is some debate about the participation of the Hering-Breuer reflex during exercise in human beings. This study aimed to investigate breathing pattern response during an incremental exercise test with a cycle ergometer. Participation of the Hering-Breuer reflex in the control of breathing was to be indirectly investigated by analyzing the ratio of tidal volume (V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>) to inspiratory time (t<span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Subjects and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The 9 active subjects who participated the study followed an incremental protocol on a cycle ergometer until peak criteria were reached. During exercise, V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>/t<span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span> can be described in 2 phases, separated by activation of the Hering-Breuer reflex (inspiratory off-switch threshold). In phase 1, ventilation increases because V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span> increases, resulting in a slight decrease in T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>, whereas, in phase 2, increased ventilation is due to both an increase in V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span> and a decrease in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mean (SD) inspiratory off-switch threshold was 84.6% (6.3%) when expressed relative to peak V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span> (mean, 3065 [566.8] mL) and 48% (7.2%) relative to the forced vital capacity measured by resting spirometry. The inspiratory off-switch threshold correlated positively (r=0.93) with the second ventilatory threshold, or respiratory compensation point.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The inspiratory off-switch threshold and VT are directly related to one another. The inspiratory off-switch threshold was related to the second ventilatory threshold, suggesting that the Hering-Breuer reflex participates in control of the breathing pattern during exercise. Activation of the reflex could contribute by signaling the respiratory centers to change the breathing pattern.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La participación del reflejo de Hering-Breuer durante el ejercicio en seres humanos es objeto de discusión. El propósito del presente trabajo ha sido estudiar la respuesta del patrón respiratorio durante un esfuerzo incremental en cicloergómetro para comprobar, de forma indirecta, mediante el análisis de la relación volumen corriente-tiempo inspiratorio (V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>/t<span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>), la participación del reflejo de Hering-Breuer en el control de la respiración.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Sujetos y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Han participado en el estudio 9 sujetos activos que han llevado a cabo un protocolo incremental en cicloergómetro hasta alcanzar criterios máximos. Se ha comprobado que la relación V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>/<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span> durante el ejercicio pre-senta 2 fases con un punto de ruptura, denominado punto de ruptura Hering-Breuer (PHB): fase I, donde el incremen-to de la ventilación se produce a expensas del aumento del V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">t</span> con ligero descenso del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>, y fase II, durante la cual el incremento ventilatorio se produce tanto por el aumento del V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">t</span>como por el descenso del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En el estudio, el PHB se alcanzaba a un valor medio (± desviación estándar) del 84,6 ± 6,3% respecto al máximo valor de V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span> (3.065 ± 566,8 ml) y de un 48 ± 7,2% respecto al valor de la capacidad vital forzada medida en la espirometría de reposo. El PHB se relacionó de forma positiva (r = 0,93) con el umbral ventilatorio 2 o umbral de compensación respiratoria.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Existe relación directa entre el PHB y V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>/<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>. El PHB se relaciona con el umbral ventilatorio 2, de manera que intervendría en el control del patrón ventilatorio durante el ejercicio. La entrada en funcionamiento del reflejo podría contribuir informando a los centros respiratorios para llevar a cabo el cambio de patrón ventilatorio.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:36 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "On the central pattern generator for the basic breathing rhythmicity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "C von Euler" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Appl Physiol" "fecha" => "1983" "volumen" => "55" "paginaInicial" => "1647" "paginaFinal" => "1659" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6363361" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
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| 2018 December | 9 | 20 | 29 |
| 2018 November | 14 | 8 | 22 |
| 2018 October | 11 | 19 | 30 |
| 2018 September | 11 | 18 | 29 |
| 2018 May | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2018 April | 6 | 10 | 16 |
| 2018 March | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 2018 February | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| 2018 January | 5 | 8 | 13 |
| 2017 December | 2 | 9 | 11 |
| 2017 November | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2017 October | 6 | 13 | 19 |
| 2017 September | 2 | 20 | 22 |
| 2017 August | 12 | 11 | 23 |
| 2017 July | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| 2017 June | 10 | 14 | 24 |
| 2017 May | 7 | 15 | 22 |
| 2017 April | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 2017 March | 6 | 12 | 18 |
| 2017 February | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 2017 January | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| 2016 December | 3 | 9 | 12 |
| 2016 November | 14 | 8 | 22 |
| 2016 October | 4 | 9 | 13 |
| 2016 September | 8 | 10 | 18 |
| 2016 August | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| 2016 July | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2016 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 February | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 November | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 October | 106 | 16 | 122 |
| 2015 September | 74 | 10 | 84 |
| 2015 August | 69 | 6 | 75 |
| 2015 July | 65 | 10 | 75 |
| 2015 June | 68 | 6 | 74 |
| 2015 May | 87 | 9 | 96 |
| 2015 April | 84 | 11 | 95 |
| 2015 March | 144 | 15 | 159 |
| 2015 February | 94 | 15 | 109 |
| 2015 January | 93 | 14 | 107 |
| 2014 December | 97 | 8 | 105 |
| 2014 November | 188 | 7 | 195 |
| 2014 October | 107 | 12 | 119 |
| 2014 September | 60 | 12 | 72 |
| 2014 August | 46 | 10 | 56 |
| 2014 July | 67 | 6 | 73 |
| 2014 June | 69 | 10 | 79 |
| 2014 May | 86 | 12 | 98 |
| 2014 April | 86 | 9 | 95 |
| 2014 March | 103 | 11 | 114 |
| 2014 February | 86 | 10 | 96 |
| 2014 January | 74 | 11 | 85 |
| 2013 December | 58 | 15 | 73 |
| 2013 November | 52 | 7 | 59 |
| 2013 October | 59 | 12 | 71 |
| 2013 September | 48 | 7 | 55 |
| 2013 August | 46 | 14 | 60 |
| 2013 July | 53 | 11 | 64 |
| 2013 June | 48 | 9 | 57 |
| 2013 May | 55 | 6 | 61 |
| 2013 April | 41 | 6 | 47 |
| 2013 March | 7 | 3 | 10 |
Show all
