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            2 => "Control"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The current goal of asthma treatment is to achieve and maintain control&#46; This study aimed to explore the relationship between the ACT &#40;Asthma Control Test&#41; questionnaire and the levels of control according to GINA &#40;Global Initiative for Asthma&#41; to establish the cut-off points for the ACT and evaluate its relationship with lung function and fractionated exhaled nitric oxide level &#40;FeNO&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A multi-centre prospective study including 441 patients followed up in an outpatient Chest Clinic&#46; A clinical protocol was followed&#44; and FeNO&#44; spirometry and ACT performed&#46; Disease was classified according to levels of control using GINA&#46; The study analysed sensitivity&#44; specificity and area under the curve &#40;ROC&#41;&#44; and the ACT cut-off points&#46; We studied the differences between the functional parameters and FeNO between levels of control&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">For controlled asthma the cut-off obtained was ACT&#8805; 21 &#40;area under the curve 0&#46;791&#41; and for uncontrolled &#8804; 18 &#40;AUC 0&#46;774&#41;&#46; We found significant differences in FeNO levels and pulmonary function among ACT&#8805; 21 and ACT &#8804; 18&#44; although only 26&#46;3&#37; of patients with ACT&#8804; 18 had a FEV1 &#60;80&#37; and 40&#37; higher FeNO &#40;&#8805; 35 ppb&#41;&#46; We found a correlation between baseline FEV1 and ACT &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> &#61; 0&#46;19&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> &#60; 0&#46;01&#41; and between ACT and FeNO &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> &#61; -0&#46;16&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> &#60; 0&#46;01&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The cut-off points would be&#44; for controlled asthma ACT&#8805; 21&#44; partly controlled asthma ACT &#61; 19-20 and uncontrolled asthma ACT &#8804; 18&#46; A more complete assessment would require including monitoring operating parameters and FeNO&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo actual en el tratamiento del asma es conseguir y mantener el control&#46; Este estudio tiene como objetivos estudiar la relaci&#243;n entre el cuestionario ACT &#40;Asthma Control Test&#41; y los niveles de control seg&#250;n Global Initiative for Asthma para establecer los puntos de corte del ACT y evaluar su relaci&#243;n con la funci&#243;n pulmonar y la Fracci&#243;n exhalada de &#243;xido n&#237;trico &#40;FeNO&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio prospectivo multic&#233;ntrico con inclusi&#243;n de 441 pacientes seguidos en consultas externas de neumolog&#237;a&#46; Se realiz&#243; protocolo cl&#237;nico&#44; FeNO&#44; espirometr&#237;a forzada y ACT&#46; Se clasific&#243; la enfermedad seg&#250;n los niveles de control de la Global Initiative for Asthma&#46; Se realiz&#243; estudio de sensibilidad&#44; especificidad y &#225;rea bajo la curva &#40;ROC&#41;&#44; estim&#225;ndose los puntos de corte de ACT&#46; Se estudiaron las diferencias entre los par&#225;metros funcionales y FeNO entre los niveles de control&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Para el asma controlada el punto de corte obtenido fue ACT &#8805; 21 &#40;&#225;rea bajo la curva 0&#44;791&#41; y para el no controlada fue &#8804; 18 &#40;&#225;rea bajo la curva 0&#44;774&#41;&#46; Encontramos diferencias significativas en niveles de FeNO y funci&#243;n pulmonar entre ACT &#8805; 21 y ACT &#8804; 18&#44; aunque solo el 26&#44;3&#37; de pacientes con ACT &#8804; 18 presentaron un FEV1 &#60; 80&#37; y el 40&#37; FeNO elevado &#40;&#8805; 35 ppb&#41;&#46; Encontramos correlaci&#243;n entre FEV1 basal y ACT &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;19&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#44; as&#237; como entre ACT y FeNO &#40;r &#61; -0&#44;16&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los puntos de corte para el asma controlada ser&#237;an ACT &#8805; 21&#44; para el asma parcialmente controlada ACT &#61; 19-20 y para el asma no controlada ACT &#8804; 18&#46; Una valoraci&#243;n m&#225;s completa del control requerir&#237;a incluir par&#225;metros funcionales y FeNO&#46;</p>"
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Journal Information
Vol. 46. Issue 7.
Pages 370-377 (July 2010)
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Vol. 46. Issue 7.
Pages 370-377 (July 2010)
Original Article
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Relationship of the Asthma Control Test (ACT) with Lung Function, Levels of Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Control According to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA)
Relación del test de control del asma (ACT) con la función pulmonar, niveles de óxido nítrico exhalado y grados de control según la Iniciativa Global para el Asma (GINA)
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Francisco Javier Álvarez-Gutiérreza,
Corresponding author
franciscoalvarez@neumosur.net

Corresponding author.
, Juan Francisco Medina-Gallardoa, Pablo Pérez-Navarroa, Juan José Martín-Villasclarasb, Bernardo Martin Etchegorenc, Beatriz Romero-Romerod, Juan Manuel Praena-Fernándeze
a Unidad de Asma CE Fleming, UMQER, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
b Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain
c Servicio de Neumología, Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
d Servicio de Neumología, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Bormujos, Sevilla, Spain
e Unidad de Metodología y Evaluación de Investigación, Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Gestión de la Investigación en Salud, HU, Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

The current goal of asthma treatment is to achieve and maintain control. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the ACT (Asthma Control Test) questionnaire and the levels of control according to GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) to establish the cut-off points for the ACT and evaluate its relationship with lung function and fractionated exhaled nitric oxide level (FeNO).

Patients and methods

A multi-centre prospective study including 441 patients followed up in an outpatient Chest Clinic. A clinical protocol was followed, and FeNO, spirometry and ACT performed. Disease was classified according to levels of control using GINA. The study analysed sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (ROC), and the ACT cut-off points. We studied the differences between the functional parameters and FeNO between levels of control.

Results

For controlled asthma the cut-off obtained was ACT≥ 21 (area under the curve 0.791) and for uncontrolled ≤ 18 (AUC 0.774). We found significant differences in FeNO levels and pulmonary function among ACT≥ 21 and ACT ≤ 18, although only 26.3% of patients with ACT≤ 18 had a FEV1 <80% and 40% higher FeNO (≥ 35 ppb). We found a correlation between baseline FEV1 and ACT (r = 0.19, P < 0.01) and between ACT and FeNO (r = -0.16, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The cut-off points would be, for controlled asthma ACT≥ 21, partly controlled asthma ACT = 19-20 and uncontrolled asthma ACT ≤ 18. A more complete assessment would require including monitoring operating parameters and FeNO.

Keywords:
Asthma
Asthma Control Test (ACT)
Control
Questionnaire
GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma)
Fractionated exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO)
Resumen
Introducción

El objetivo actual en el tratamiento del asma es conseguir y mantener el control. Este estudio tiene como objetivos estudiar la relación entre el cuestionario ACT (Asthma Control Test) y los niveles de control según Global Initiative for Asthma para establecer los puntos de corte del ACT y evaluar su relación con la función pulmonar y la Fracción exhalada de óxido nítrico (FeNO).

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio prospectivo multicéntrico con inclusión de 441 pacientes seguidos en consultas externas de neumología. Se realizó protocolo clínico, FeNO, espirometría forzada y ACT. Se clasificó la enfermedad según los niveles de control de la Global Initiative for Asthma. Se realizó estudio de sensibilidad, especificidad y área bajo la curva (ROC), estimándose los puntos de corte de ACT. Se estudiaron las diferencias entre los parámetros funcionales y FeNO entre los niveles de control.

Resultados

Para el asma controlada el punto de corte obtenido fue ACT ≥ 21 (área bajo la curva 0,791) y para el no controlada fue ≤ 18 (área bajo la curva 0,774). Encontramos diferencias significativas en niveles de FeNO y función pulmonar entre ACT ≥ 21 y ACT ≤ 18, aunque solo el 26,3% de pacientes con ACT ≤ 18 presentaron un FEV1 < 80% y el 40% FeNO elevado (≥ 35 ppb). Encontramos correlación entre FEV1 basal y ACT (r = 0,19, p < 0,01), así como entre ACT y FeNO (r = -0,16, p < 0,01).

Conclusiones

Los puntos de corte para el asma controlada serían ACT ≥ 21, para el asma parcialmente controlada ACT = 19-20 y para el asma no controlada ACT ≤ 18. Una valoración más completa del control requeriría incluir parámetros funcionales y FeNO.

Palabras clave:
Asma
Asthma Control Test (ACT)
Control
Cuestionarios
GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma)
Óxido nítrico exhalado (FeNO)
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