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Vol. 44. Issue 6.
Pages 303-311 (January 2008)
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Vol. 44. Issue 6.
Pages 303-311 (January 2008)
Original Articles
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Rate and Characteristics of Asthma Exacerbations: The ASMAB I Study
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Ferran Morella,
Corresponding author
fmorell@vhebron.net

Correspondence: Dr F. Morell Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Pg Vall d'Hebron, 119-12908035 Barcelona, Spain
, Teresa Genoverb, Xavier Muñoza, Judith García-Aymerichc, Jaume Ferrera, María-Jesús Cruzc
a Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, CIBERES CB 06/036, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
b Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centre d'Assistència Primària Sant Rafael, Barcelona, Spain
c Unitat d'Investigació Respiratòria i Ambiental, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), CIBER 06/030, Barcelona, Spain
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Objective

The aim of this study was to determine theincidence and clinical characteristics of asthma exacerbationsseen by emergency services in Barcelona, Spain (the ASMAB-I study).

Patients and Methods

The emergency services consideredin the study served a population of 1 203 598 inhabitants agedover 14 years. Episodes treated in hospital emergencydepartments and by emergency services called to patients'homes over a period of 129 days were included in the study.

Results

In total, 831 episodes of exacerbation wereidentified; 523 were seen in 3 university hospitals, 113 insecondary hospitals, and 195 by emergency services at thepatient's home. Twenty of the patients seen at home weresubsequently taken to hospital. The mean frequency was 6.4 episodes per day, corresponding to a daily incidence of0.53 exacerbations per 100 000 inhabitants (95% confidenceinterval, 0.46-0.56 exacerbations/100 000 inhabitants) and 8.2 per 100 000 asthmatic patients (95% confidence interval,6.89-8.41 exacerbations/100 000 asthmatic patients). Of the276 episodes treated between Monday and Thursday inuniversity hospitals, 66 patients (24%) reported acute onsetand 14 (5%) sudden onset. Only 85 patients (31%) regularlyused inhaled corticosteroids and only 33 (12%) added oralcorticosteroids in the 12 hours prior to consulting emergencyservices. In 16% of cases the episode was classified as severeand in 3% near fatal. Eighty-two patients (30%) were ultimatelyadmitted to hospital: 12% of mild exacerbations, 39% ofmoderate exacerbations, 62% of severe episodes, and 100%of near-fatal episodes. The Charlson comorbidity index washigher in patients admitted to hospital (P<.001). In the 28 patients readmitted to hospital (10%), antibiotics (P<.001)and ipratropium bromide (P<.0001) had been prescribed lessoften at the time of discharge after the first hospital admission.

Conclusions

The rate of asthma exacerbation establishedin this study may be a useful indicator of the degree of controlof the disease and may serve as a reference to confirm futureshort-term or lasting increases in asthma exacerbation. Rapidonset (acute or sudden) is common and many patients are notreceiving appropriate treatment prior to hospital admission. Severe exacerbation is common in our practice setting. Hospitaladmission is related to severity and comorbidity. Patients whoare readmitted to hospital had less often received antibiotictreatment and ipratropium bromide when dischargedpreviously.

Key words:
Asthma exacerbation
Severe asthma exacerbation
Readmission
Comorbidity
Emergency services
Hospital admission
Epidemiology
Objetivo

El presente estudio examina la incidencia y lascaracterísticas clínicas de los episodios de agudización as-mática (AA) atendidos en los servicios de urgencias (SU) dela ciudad de Barcelona (estudio ASMAB-I).

Pacientes Y Métodos

Se estudiaron los episodios de AAatendidos en los SU hospitalarios y en el SU domiciliario(061) durante 129 días, correspondientes a una poblaciónmayor de 14 años de 1.203.598 habitantes.

Resultados

Se identificaron 831 episodios de AA, de losque 523 fueron atendidos en 3 hospitales universitarios, 113 en2 hospitales de segundo nivel y otros 195 (de los que 20 se remi-tieron a hospitales) en los SU domiciliarios. La frecuentaciónmedia fue de 6,4 episodios/día, con una incidencia de AA de0,53/105 habitantes/día (intervalo de confianza del 95%, 0,46-0,56) y de 8,2/105 pacientes asmáticos (intervalo de confianzadel 95%, 6,89-8,41). De los 276 episodios atendidos de lunes ajueves en los servicios de los hospitales universitarios, 66 pa-cientes (24%) reconocieron un inicio agudo y 14 (5%) un iniciosúbito. Únicamente 85 pacientes (31%) tomaban de modo re-gular corticoides inhalados y sólo 33 (12%) añadieron corticoi-des orales en las 12 h previas a su llegada a urgencias. Un 16%de los episodios se calificaron de graves y un 3% de casi fatales. Un total de 82 pacientes (30%) fueron finalmente hospitaliza-dos; ingresaron el 12% de las AA leves, el 39% de las AA mo-deradas, el 62% de las AA graves y el 100% de las casi fatales. El índice de comorbilidad de Charlson fue mayor en los pa-cientes hospitalizados (p < 0,001). En los 28 readmitidos (10%), al darles el alta previa se les habían prescrito menos antibióti-cos (p < 0,001) y bromuro de ipratropio (p < 0,0001).

Conclusiones

La tasa de AA establecida puede ser unindicador útil del grado de control del asma y servir paraconfirmar futuros aumentos de AA permanentes o puntua-les. El inicio rápido (agudo o súbito) es frecuente. Muchos pacientes no reciben un tratamiento adecuado antes de lahospitalización. La agudización grave es frecuente en nues-tro medio. El ingreso está relacionado con la gravedad y lacomorbilidad. Los readmitidos han recibido al alta menosantibióticos y bromuro de ipratropio.

Palabras clave:
Agudizaciones asmáticas
Agudización grave delasma
Readmisiones por asma
Ingresos por asma y comorbilidad
Servicios de urgencias
Hospitalización por asma
Epidemiologíadel asma
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This study was partly funded by a grant from the Catalan Pneumology Foundation (Fundació Catalana de Pneumologia, FUCAP), grants CIBERES CB06/036 and CIBERESP CB 06/030, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, and agrant from the Jordi Gol Institute for Research in Primary Care (Institutd'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol).

Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
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