array:23 [
  "pii" => "S0300289615322602"
  "issn" => "03002896"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S0300-2896(15)32260-2"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "1984-03-01"
  "aid" => "72330"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "1984"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 1984;20:75-83"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 5436
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 81
      "HTML" => 951
      "PDF" => 4404
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0300289615322614"
    "issn" => "03002896"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0300-2896(15)32261-4"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "1984-03-01"
    "aid" => "72331"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 1984;20:84-6"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1424
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 60
        "HTML" => 825
        "PDF" => 539
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Actinomicosis de partes blandas asociada a lesion pulmonar"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "84"
          "paginaFinal" => "86"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Actinomycosis of soft tissues associated with a pulmonary lesion"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J.M. Morales Ballesteros, J.J. Palacios Rojo, J. De La Morena Fernandez, J. Sanchez, J. Cuevas Santos, S. Martin Carballido"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J.M."
              "apellidos" => "Morales Ballesteros"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J.J."
              "apellidos" => "Palacios Rojo"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J."
              "apellidos" => "De La Morena Fernandez"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J."
              "apellidos" => "Sanchez"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J."
              "apellidos" => "Cuevas Santos"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "S."
              "apellidos" => "Martin Carballido"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289615322614?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/03002896/0000002000000002/v1_201509151130/S0300289615322614/v1_201509151130/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0300289615322596"
    "issn" => "03002896"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0300-2896(15)32259-6"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "1984-03-01"
    "aid" => "72329"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 1984;20:70-4"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1178
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 73
        "HTML" => 628
        "PDF" => 477
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Leiomiomatosis pulmonar multiple"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "70"
          "paginaFinal" => "74"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Multiple pulmonary leiomyomatosis"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:2 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "G. Gomez Sebastian, J.A. Maestre Alcacer"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "G."
              "apellidos" => "Gomez Sebastian"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J.A."
              "apellidos" => "Maestre Alcacer"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "L.L. Bernado, C. Leon"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "L.L."
              "apellidos" => "Bernado"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "C."
              "apellidos" => "Leon"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289615322596?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/03002896/0000002000000002/v1_201509151130/S0300289615322596/v1_201509151130/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "es" => array:13 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Propiedades reologicas del esputo"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "75"
        "paginaFinal" => "83"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:2 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "L.A. Oteo Ochoa, A. Sueiro Bendito"
        "autores" => array:2 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "L.A."
            "apellidos" => "Oteo Ochoa"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "A."
            "apellidos" => "Sueiro Bendito"
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología. C.E. Ramón y Cajal de la S.S"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "A. Ruiz Mateo"
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "A."
            "apellidos" => "Ruiz Mateo"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Ingeniero de Caminos&#46; Centro de Estudios y Experimentaci&#243;n de Obras P&#250;blicas &#40;Madrid&#41;"
            "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Rheological properties of sputum&#46;"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "1982-12-14"
    "fechaAceptado" => "1983-05-20"
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mediante la utilizaci&#243;n de un viscos&#237;metro capilar se analizaron reol&#243;gicamente 44 muestras de esputo original pertenecientes a cuatro tipos de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">secreci&#243;n traqueobronquial</span> previamente establecidos&#46; El diagrama resultante para cada uno de los tipos fue expresado en funci&#243;n de las variables <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shear strees</span> versus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">viscosidad aparente</span> observando un comportamiento reol&#243;gico t&#237;pico de los <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">fluidos no newtonianos</span>&#46; En las curvas representativas&#44; se analizaron tres zonas bien diferenciadas para los <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">esputos mucoso</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mucopurulento y mucopurulento hem&#225;tico</span>&#44; no observ&#225;ndose este comportamiento en el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">esputo purulento</span>&#46; Se valoraron las posibles causas de esta significativa conducta reol&#243;gica diferencial&#46; Se define a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shear stress saturaci&#243;n</span> como una variable reol&#243;gica que incorpora un criterio objetivo en la interpretaci&#243;n l&#243;gica de los cambios f&#237;sicos del esputo&#46; Finalmente&#44; se obtuvo la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">viscosidad aparente</span> de todos los espec&#237;menes frescos a &#40;Y &#61; 25s-1&#41; y se analiz&#243; estad&#237;sticamente en funci&#243;n del tipaje previo&#46; Los resultados reol&#243;gicos obtenidos se interpretan y correlacionan con los diferentes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sistemas fibrilares</span> de la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">secreci&#243;n traqueobronquial</span>&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We analyzed rheologically 44 samples of sputum from 4 prevously established types of tracheobronchial secretions by using a capillary viscometer&#46; For each different type&#44; the resulting diagram was expressed as a function of the variables shear stress vs&#46; apparent viscosity and a rheological behaviour typical of non-newtonian fluids was observed&#46; Three well differentiated zones were demonstrated in the representative curves of mucous sputum&#44; mucopurulent sputum and&#44; bloody mucopurulent sputum&#59; this could not be demonstrated with purulent sputum&#46; The possible causes for this significant different rheological behaviours were analyzed&#46; Shear stress saturation is defined as a rheological variable which incorporates an objective criterium for the logical interpretation of physical changes of sputum&#46; Finally&#44; the apparent viscosity at &#40;Y &#61; 25 s-1&#41; of all fresh specimens was obtained and was statistically analyzed according to previous typing&#46; The rheological results were interpreted and correlated with the different fibrilar systems of tracheobronchial secretion&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliografia"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:44 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The physical and Chemical properties of bronquial secretion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Charman"
                            1 => "M&#46;T&#46; L&#243;pez-Vidriero"
                            2 => "E&#46; Keal"
                            3 => "L&#46; Reid"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Brit J Dis Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1974"
                        "volumen" => "68"
                        "paginaInicial" => "215"
                        "paginaFinal" => "227"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4457096"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tracheobronchial secretions"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Yeager"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1971"
                        "volumen" => "50"
                        "paginaInicial" => "493"
                        "paginaFinal" => "509"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4326142"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Observation of the secretion on the surface of the bronchioles with the scannding electron microscope"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "R&#46;V&#46; Ebert"
                            1 => "M&#46;J&#46; Terracio"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/arrd.1975.112.4.491"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1975"
                        "volumen" => "112"
                        "paginaInicial" => "491"
                        "paginaFinal" => "496"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1200484"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The ultrastructure of normal large bronchi"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Jeffery"
                            1 => "L&#46; Reid"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bronches"
                        "fecha" => "1973"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "369"
                        "paginaFinal" => "380"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mucus and acetylcysteine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "W&#46; Wilde"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Resp Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1980"
                        "volumen" => "61"
                        "numero" => "supl&#46;"
                        "paginaInicial" => "62"
                        "paginaFinal" => "64"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The effect of freezing&#44; storing and thawing on the viscosity of sputum"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Charman"
                            1 => "L&#46; Reid"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biorheology"
                        "fecha" => "1973"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "295"
                        "paginaFinal" => "301"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4772002"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The viscosity of bronchial secretion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Sturgess"
                            1 => "A&#46;J&#46; Palfrey"
                            2 => "L&#46; Reid"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Sci"
                        "fecha" => "1970"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "145"
                        "paginaFinal" => "156"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5411471"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The measurement of sputum viscosity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "P&#46;E&#46; Baldry"
                            1 => "S&#46;E&#46; Josse"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/arrd.1968.98.3.392"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1968"
                        "volumen" => "98"
                        "paginaInicial" => "392"
                        "paginaFinal" => "398"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5673098"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Journal Fran&#231;ais de M&#233;dicine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46;L&#46; Molina"
                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; Aiache"
                            2 => "J&#46; Delage"
                            3 => "M&#46; Pradelle"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Soci&#233;t&#233; Fran&#231;ais de Pathologie Respiratoire"
                        "fecha" => "1969"
                        "paginaInicial" => "743"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Viscosimetr&#237;a capilar en el estudio reol&#243;gico del esputo&#46;Homogeneizaci&#243;n por laminaci&#243;n capilar"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "L&#46;A&#46; Oteo Ochoa"
                            1 => "A&#46; Ruiz Mateo"
                            2 => "S&#46; Romero"
                            3 => "A&#46; Sueiro"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "1981"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "132"
                        "paginaFinal" => "140"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Physiopathologie de l&#8217;hypers&#233;cr&#233;tion bronchique"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Puchele"
                            1 => "F&#46; Girard"
                            2 => "J&#46;M&#46; Polu"
                            3 => "F&#46; Aug"
                            4 => "P&#46; Sadoul"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sem H&#244;p Paris"
                        "fecha" => "1979"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "273"
                        "paginaFinal" => "283"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/219540"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The viscometry of sputum"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Blanshard"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Middlesex Hosp"
                        "fecha" => "1955"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "222"
                        "paginaFinal" => "241"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bronchial secretion&#46; General comments"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Reid"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bull Physiopathol Respir"
                        "fecha" => "1973"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "15"
                        "paginaFinal" => "30"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The rheological properties of sputum"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;S&#46; Davis"
                            1 => "J&#46;E&#46; Dippy"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biorheology"
                        "fecha" => "1969"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "11"
                        "paginaFinal" => "21"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5806400"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The rheology of bronchitic sputum"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "K&#46;N&#46;V&#46; Palmer"
                            1 => "D&#46; Bellantyne"
                            2 => "M&#46;L&#46; Diament"
                            3 => "W&#46;F&#46;D&#46; Hamilton"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dis Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1970"
                        "volumen" => "64"
                        "paginaInicial" => "185"
                        "paginaFinal" => "191"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5499982"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A new method for measuring sputum viscosity with a capillary flow viscometer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Volker"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bull Phisiopathol Respir"
                        "fecha" => "1973"
                        "paginaInicial" => "103"
                        "paginaFinal" => "111"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Viscoelasticity studies with capillary methods"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Dulfano"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bull Physiopathol Respir"
                        "fecha" => "1973"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "91"
                        "paginaFinal" => "101"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Scanning of viscosity in sputum"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;O&#46; Jenssen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Scand J Resp Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1976"
                        "volumen" => "57"
                        "paginaInicial" => "31"
                        "paginaFinal" => "36"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The viscosity of synovial fluid during oscillatory movement"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;J&#46; Palfrey"
                            1 => "J&#46;B&#46; White"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biorheology"
                        "fecha" => "1968"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "189"
                        "paginaFinal" => "198"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5737953"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Viscoelasticity of mucus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Denton"
                            1 => "W&#46; Forsman"
                            2 => "S&#46;H&#46; Hwang"
                            3 => "M&#46; Litt"
                            4 => "C&#46;E&#46; Muller"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/arrd.1968.98.3.380"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1968"
                        "volumen" => "98"
                        "paginaInicial" => "380"
                        "paginaFinal" => "391"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5673097"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Rheological properties of sputum"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Sturgess"
                            1 => "A&#46;J&#46; Palfrey"
                            2 => "L&#46; Reid"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rheol Acta"
                        "fecha" => "1971"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "36"
                        "paginaFinal" => "43"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The Chemical balance as a rheometer for biological fluids"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46;S&#46; Davis"
                            1 => "B&#46; Warburton"
                            2 => "J&#46;E&#46; Dippy"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pharm Sci"
                        "fecha" => "1970"
                        "volumen" => "59"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1764"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1769"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5499709"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Fibre systems in sputum"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Burgi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bull Physiopathol Respir"
                        "fecha" => "1973"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "191"
                        "paginaFinal" => "196"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The fibre Systems in sputum&#58; significance and simple techniques of demonstration"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "R&#46;A&#46; Bruce"
                            1 => "V&#46; Kumar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lab Pract"
                        "fecha" => "1967"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "316"
                        "paginaFinal" => "320"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4167094"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Donn&#233;es biochimiques et rh&#233;ologiques dans 1&#8217;expectoration&#46; III&#46; Relation des prot&#233;ines et mucines bronchiques avec les propri&#233;t&#233;s rh&#233;ologiques"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Puchelle"
                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; Zahm"
                            2 => "R&#46; Havez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bull Physiopathol Resp"
                        "fecha" => "1973"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "237"
                        "paginaFinal" => "256"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Airway secretion&#59; source&#44; biochemical and rheological properties"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;T&#46; L&#243;pez-Vidriero"
                            1 => "Indaajit Das"
                            2 => "L&#46; Reid"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:6 [
                        "titulo" => "Lung Biology in Health and Disease&#46; Respiratory defense mechanisms"
                        "fecha" => "1977"
                        "paginaInicial" => "289"
                        "paginaFinal" => "356"
                        "editorial" => "Ed M Dekker"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Basilea"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Aspectos reol&#243;gicos de la secreci&#243;n bronquial&#46; Metodolog&#237;a"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "L&#46;A&#46; Oteo Ochoa"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "estandarizaci&#243;n y puesta en marcha de un nuevo modelo de viscometr&#237;a capilar"
                        "fecha" => "1980"
                        "editorial" => "Tesina&#46; Facultad de Medicina"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "U&#46; A&#46; de Madrid"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "28&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Flow of non-newtonian fluids&#46; Handbook of fluid dynamics"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;B&#46; Metzner"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:5 [
                        "fecha" => "1961"
                        "paginaInicial" => "7"
                        "paginaFinal" => "30"
                        "editorial" => "Mc Graw-Hill BC"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "V&#46;L&#46; Streeter"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "29&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Fen&#243;menos de transporte"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;B&#46; Bird"
                            1 => "W&#46;E&#46; Stewart"
                            2 => "E&#46;N&#46; Lightfoot"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:2 [
                        "fecha" => "1964"
                        "editorial" => "Ed&#46; Revert&#233; SA"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "30&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Techniques for the measurement of the rheological properties of sputum"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "S&#46;S&#46; Davis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bull Physiopathol Resp"
                        "fecha" => "1973"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "47"
                        "paginaFinal" => "90"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "31&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Oteo Ochoa LA&#44; Ruiz Mateo A&#44; Sueiro Bendito A&#46; An&#225;lisis de reogramas experimentales por m&#233;todos capilares &#40;en preparaci&#243;n&#41;&#46; in press&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "32&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Physio-chemical methods for the determination of the purity&#44; molecular size and shape of glycoproteins&#46; En Glycoproteins&#44; their composition"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "R&#46;A&#46; Gibbons"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:6 [
                        "titulo" => "structure and function"
                        "fecha" => "1966"
                        "paginaInicial" => "29"
                        "paginaFinal" => "95"
                        "editorial" => "Elsevier&#44; Ed A Gottschalk"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Amsterdam"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "33&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sputum visco-elasticity in chronic bronchitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Dulfano"
                            1 => "K&#46;B&#46; Adler"
                            2 => "W&#46; Philippoff"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Amer Rev Respir Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1971"
                        "volumen" => "104"
                        "paginaInicial" => "88"
                        "paginaFinal" => "98"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "34&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sputum viscosity in chronic&#46; bronchitis&#44; bronchiectasias&#44; asthma and cystic fibrosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Charman"
                            1 => "L&#46; Reid"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biorheology"
                        "fecha" => "1972"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "185"
                        "paginaFinal" => "199"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4666047"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "35&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Biochemistry and rheology of sputum in asthma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "E&#46;E&#46; Keal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Postgrad Med J"
                        "fecha" => "1971"
                        "volumen" => "47"
                        "paginaInicial" => "171"
                        "paginaFinal" => "177"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5555320"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "36&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sputum viscosity and pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "E&#46;A&#46; Feather"
                            1 => "G&#46; Russel"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child"
                        "fecha" => "1970"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "paginaInicial" => "807"
                        "paginaFinal" => "808"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5491885"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "37&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Practical application of viscoelasticy measurement"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "S&#46;S&#46; Davis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Resp Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1980"
                        "volumen" => "61"
                        "numero" => "supl"
                        "paginaInicial" => "141"
                        "paginaFinal" => "152"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "38&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Stude des structures fibrillaires de la s&#233;cr&#233;tion bronchique humaine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Havez"
                            1 => "P&#46; Poussel"
                            2 => "P&#46; Degand"
                            3 => "G&#46; Biserte"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Chim Acta"
                        "fecha" => "1967"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "281"
                        "paginaFinal" => "295"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4166575"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "39&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Die Viskosit&#225;t des purulenten und sterilen Sputums bei chronischer Asthmabronquitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "H&#46; B&#252;rgi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Thorac"
                        "fecha" => "1964"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "156"
                        "paginaFinal" => "167"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14260284"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "40&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Chemical markers of mucous and serum glycoproteins and their relation to viscosity in mucoid and purulent sputum from various hypersecretory diseases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;T&#46; L&#243;pez Vidriero"
                            1 => "L&#46; Reid"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/arrd.1978.117.3.465"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1978"
                        "volumen" => "117"
                        "paginaInicial" => "465"
                        "paginaFinal" => "477"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/629481"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
              "etiqueta" => "41&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The nature and action of respiratory tract cilia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;A&#46; Sleigh"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:6 [
                        "titulo" => "Lung Biology in Heallth and Disease&#46; Respiratory defense mechanisms"
                        "fecha" => "1977"
                        "paginaInicial" => "247"
                        "paginaFinal" => "287"
                        "editorial" => "Ed M Dekker"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Basilea"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            41 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "42&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bending moments and elastic constants in cilia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Rikmenspoel"
                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; Sleigh"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Theor Biol"
                        "fecha" => "1970"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "81"
                        "paginaFinal" => "100"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5471472"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            42 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "43&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Rh&#233;ologie des s&#233;cr&#233;tions bronchiques et transpon muco-ciliare"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Puchelle"
                            1 => "F&#46; Girard"
                            2 => "J&#46;M&#46; Zahm"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bull Physiopathol Resp"
                        "fecha" => "1976"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "771"
                        "paginaFinal" => "779"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            43 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "44&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Physical properties of sputum&#46; VIL Rheologic properties and mucociliary transpon"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Dulfano"
                            1 => "K&#46;B&#46; Adler"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/arrd.1975.112.3.341"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1975"
                        "volumen" => "112"
                        "paginaInicial" => "341"
                        "paginaFinal" => "347"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1080651"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  "url" => "/03002896/0000002000000002/v1_201509151130/S0300289615322602/v1_201509151130/es/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "9277"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Originales"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03002896/0000002000000002/v1_201509151130/S0300289615322602/v1_201509151130/es/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289615322602?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 20. Issue 2.
Pages 75-83 (March - April 1984)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 20. Issue 2.
Pages 75-83 (March - April 1984)
Full text access
Propiedades reologicas del esputo
Rheological properties of sputum.
Visits
12101
L.A. Oteo Ochoa, A. Sueiro Bendito
Servicio de Neumología. C.E. Ramón y Cajal de la S.S
A. Ruiz Mateo*
* Ingeniero de Caminos. Centro de Estudios y Experimentación de Obras Públicas (Madrid)
This item has received
Article information

Mediante la utilización de un viscosímetro capilar se analizaron reológicamente 44 muestras de esputo original pertenecientes a cuatro tipos de secreción traqueobronquial previamente establecidos. El diagrama resultante para cada uno de los tipos fue expresado en función de las variables shear strees versus viscosidad aparente observando un comportamiento reológico típico de los fluidos no newtonianos. En las curvas representativas, se analizaron tres zonas bien diferenciadas para los esputos mucoso, mucopurulento y mucopurulento hemático, no observándose este comportamiento en el esputo purulento. Se valoraron las posibles causas de esta significativa conducta reológica diferencial. Se define a shear stress saturación como una variable reológica que incorpora un criterio objetivo en la interpretación lógica de los cambios físicos del esputo. Finalmente, se obtuvo la viscosidad aparente de todos los especímenes frescos a (Y = 25s-1) y se analizó estadísticamente en función del tipaje previo. Los resultados reológicos obtenidos se interpretan y correlacionan con los diferentes sistemas fibrilares de la secreción traqueobronquial.

We analyzed rheologically 44 samples of sputum from 4 prevously established types of tracheobronchial secretions by using a capillary viscometer. For each different type, the resulting diagram was expressed as a function of the variables shear stress vs. apparent viscosity and a rheological behaviour typical of non-newtonian fluids was observed. Three well differentiated zones were demonstrated in the representative curves of mucous sputum, mucopurulent sputum and, bloody mucopurulent sputum; this could not be demonstrated with purulent sputum. The possible causes for this significant different rheological behaviours were analyzed. Shear stress saturation is defined as a rheological variable which incorporates an objective criterium for the logical interpretation of physical changes of sputum. Finally, the apparent viscosity at (Y = 25 s-1) of all fresh specimens was obtained and was statistically analyzed according to previous typing. The rheological results were interpreted and correlated with the different fibrilar systems of tracheobronchial secretion.

Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografia
[1.]
J. Charman, M.T. López-Vidriero, E. Keal, L. Reid.
The physical and Chemical properties of bronquial secretion.
Brit J Dis Chest, 68 (1974), pp. 215-227
[2.]
H. Yeager.
Tracheobronchial secretions.
Am J Med, 50 (1971), pp. 493-509
[3.]
R.V. Ebert, M.J. Terracio.
Observation of the secretion on the surface of the bronchioles with the scannding electron microscope.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 112 (1975), pp. 491-496
[4.]
P. Jeffery, L. Reid.
The ultrastructure of normal large bronchi.
Bronches, 23 (1973), pp. 369-380
[5.]
W. Wilde.
Mucus and acetylcysteine.
Eur J Resp Dis, 61 (1980), pp. 62-64
[6.]
J. Charman, L. Reid.
The effect of freezing, storing and thawing on the viscosity of sputum.
Biorheology, 10 (1973), pp. 295-301
[7.]
J.M. Sturgess, A.J. Palfrey, L. Reid.
The viscosity of bronchial secretion.
Clin Sci, 38 (1970), pp. 145-156
[8.]
P.E. Baldry, S.E. Josse.
The measurement of sputum viscosity.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 98 (1968), pp. 392-398
[9.]
C.L. Molina, J.M. Aiache, J. Delage, M. Pradelle.
Journal Français de Médicine.
Société Français de Pathologie Respiratoire, (1969), pp. 743
[10.]
L.A. Oteo Ochoa, A. Ruiz Mateo, S. Romero, A. Sueiro.
Viscosimetría capilar en el estudio reológico del esputo.Homogeneización por laminación capilar.
Arch Bronconeumol, 17 (1981), pp. 132-140
[11.]
E. Puchele, F. Girard, J.M. Polu, F. Aug, P. Sadoul.
Physiopathologie de l’hypersécrétion bronchique.
Sem Hôp Paris, 55 (1979), pp. 273-283
[12.]
S. Blanshard.
The viscometry of sputum.
Arch Middlesex Hosp, 5 (1955), pp. 222-241
[13.]
L. Reid.
Bronchial secretion. General comments.
Bull Physiopathol Respir, 9 (1973), pp. 15-30
[14.]
S.S. Davis, J.E. Dippy.
The rheological properties of sputum.
Biorheology, 6 (1969), pp. 11-21
[15.]
K.N.V. Palmer, D. Bellantyne, M.L. Diament, W.F.D. Hamilton.
The rheology of bronchitic sputum.
Br J Dis Chest, 64 (1970), pp. 185-191
[16.]
D. Volker.
A new method for measuring sputum viscosity with a capillary flow viscometer.
Bull Phisiopathol Respir, (1973), pp. 103-111
[17.]
M.J. Dulfano.
Viscoelasticity studies with capillary methods.
Bull Physiopathol Respir, 9 (1973), pp. 91-101
[18.]
A.O. Jenssen.
Scanning of viscosity in sputum.
Scand J Resp Dis, 57 (1976), pp. 31-36
[19.]
A.J. Palfrey, J.B. White.
The viscosity of synovial fluid during oscillatory movement.
Biorheology, 5 (1968), pp. 189-198
[20.]
R. Denton, W. Forsman, S.H. Hwang, M. Litt, C.E. Muller.
Viscoelasticity of mucus.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 98 (1968), pp. 380-391
[21.]
J.M. Sturgess, A.J. Palfrey, L. Reid.
Rheological properties of sputum.
Rheol Acta, 10 (1971), pp. 36-43
[22.]
S.S. Davis, B. Warburton, J.E. Dippy.
The Chemical balance as a rheometer for biological fluids.
J Pharm Sci, 59 (1970), pp. 1764-1769
[23.]
H. Burgi.
Fibre systems in sputum.
Bull Physiopathol Respir, 9 (1973), pp. 191-196
[24.]
R.A. Bruce, V. Kumar.
The fibre Systems in sputum: significance and simple techniques of demonstration.
Lab Pract, 16 (1967), pp. 316-320
[25.]
E. Puchelle, J.M. Zahm, R. Havez.
Données biochimiques et rhéologiques dans 1’expectoration. III. Relation des protéines et mucines bronchiques avec les propriétés rhéologiques.
Bull Physiopathol Resp, 9 (1973), pp. 237-256
[26.]
M.T. López-Vidriero, Indaajit Das, L. Reid.
Airway secretion; source, biochemical and rheological properties.
Lung Biology in Health and Disease. Respiratory defense mechanisms, Ed M Dekker, (1977), pp. 289-356
[27.]
L.A. Oteo Ochoa.
Aspectos reológicos de la secreción bronquial. Metodología.
estandarización y puesta en marcha de un nuevo modelo de viscometría capilar, Tesina. Facultad de Medicina, (1980),
[28.]
A.B. Metzner.
Flow of non-newtonian fluids. Handbook of fluid dynamics.
Mc Graw-Hill BC, (1961), pp. 7-30
[29.]
R.B. Bird, W.E. Stewart, E.N. Lightfoot.
Fenómenos de transporte.
Ed. Reverté SA, (1964),
[30.]
S.S. Davis.
Techniques for the measurement of the rheological properties of sputum.
Bull Physiopathol Resp, 9 (1973), pp. 47-90
[31.]
Oteo Ochoa LA, Ruiz Mateo A, Sueiro Bendito A. Análisis de reogramas experimentales por métodos capilares (en preparación). in press.
[32.]
R.A. Gibbons.
Physio-chemical methods for the determination of the purity, molecular size and shape of glycoproteins. En Glycoproteins, their composition.
structure and function, Elsevier, Ed A Gottschalk, (1966), pp. 29-95
[33.]
M.J. Dulfano, K.B. Adler, W. Philippoff.
Sputum visco-elasticity in chronic bronchitis.
Amer Rev Respir Dis, 104 (1971), pp. 88-98
[34.]
J. Charman, L. Reid.
Sputum viscosity in chronic. bronchitis, bronchiectasias, asthma and cystic fibrosis.
Biorheology, 9 (1972), pp. 185-199
[35.]
E.E. Keal.
Biochemistry and rheology of sputum in asthma.
Postgrad Med J, 47 (1971), pp. 171-177
[36.]
E.A. Feather, G. Russel.
Sputum viscosity and pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis.
Arch Dis Child, 45 (1970), pp. 807-808
[37.]
S.S. Davis.
Practical application of viscoelasticy measurement.
Eur J Resp Dis, 61 (1980), pp. 141-152
[38.]
R. Havez, P. Poussel, P. Degand, G. Biserte.
Stude des structures fibrillaires de la sécrétion bronchique humaine.
Clin Chim Acta, 17 (1967), pp. 281-295
[39.]
H. Bürgi.
Die Viskositát des purulenten und sterilen Sputums bei chronischer Asthmabronquitis.
Med Thorac, 21 (1964), pp. 156-167
[40.]
M.T. López Vidriero, L. Reid.
Chemical markers of mucous and serum glycoproteins and their relation to viscosity in mucoid and purulent sputum from various hypersecretory diseases.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 117 (1978), pp. 465-477
[41.]
M.A. Sleigh.
The nature and action of respiratory tract cilia.
Lung Biology in Heallth and Disease. Respiratory defense mechanisms, Ed M Dekker, (1977), pp. 247-287
[42.]
R. Rikmenspoel, M.A. Sleigh.
Bending moments and elastic constants in cilia.
J Theor Biol, 28 (1970), pp. 81-100
[43.]
E. Puchelle, F. Girard, J.M. Zahm.
Rhéologie des sécrétions bronchiques et transpon muco-ciliare.
Bull Physiopathol Resp, 12 (1976), pp. 771-779
[44.]
M.J. Dulfano, K.B. Adler.
Physical properties of sputum. VIL Rheologic properties and mucociliary transpon.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 112 (1975), pp. 341-347
Copyright © 1984. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?