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Vol. 33. Issue 6.
Pages 284-288 (June 1997)
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Vol. 33. Issue 6.
Pages 284-288 (June 1997)
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Procedimientos quirúrgicos diagnósticos en el síndrome de vena cava superior
Surgical diagnostic procedures in superior vena cava syndrome
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A.P. Gámez García*, J.L. Martín de Nicolás Serrahíma, C. Marrón Fernández, S. García Barajas, V. Díaz-Hellín Gude, J. Toledo González
Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid
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Hemos revisado los 29 pacientes referidos a nuestro equipo quirúrgico con el diagnóstico de síndrome de vena cava superior (SVCS) a lo largo de un período de 22 años y en los que se realizó alguna técnica quirúrgica para establecer el diagnóstico histológico, evaluando el riesgo quirúrgico así como su eficacia. Realizamos un total de 34 procedimientos quirúrgicos: 23 mediastinoscopias, 6 mediastinotomías, 2 toracotomías, 2 esternotomías y una biopsia de Daniels. El tiempo medio quirúrgico fue de 88 min. No tenemos mortalidad ni complicaciones operatorias graves. El diagnóstico histológico se obtuvo en todos los pacientes, presentando procesos malignos 27 y no malignos dos. La efectividad de la mediastinoscopia fue del 82,6% y de la mediastinotomía del 66,6%. Los autores consideran que los procedimientos quirúrgicos diagnósticos en los pacientes con SVCS son seguros y efectivos. El tratamiento a ciegas con radioterapia no está justificado, por presentar los pacientes procesos benignos o bien malignos con mejor respuesta a la quimioterapia, y además puede dificultar la posterior confirmación histológica.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de vena cava superior
Diagnóstico
Mediastinoscopia
Mediastinotomía

We evaluate surgical risk and efficacy in a series of 29 patients referred to us over a 22-year period with diagnoses of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) requiring surgical removal of histology specimens. We did 34 procedures: 23 mediastinoscopies, 6 mediastinotomies, 2 thoracotomies, 2 sternotomies and 1 Daniel's biopsy procedure. Mean surgical time was 88 minutes. There were no serious surgical complications and no deaths. Histological diagnoses (27 malignant and 2 benign) were obtained for all patients. The efficacy of mediastinoscopy was 82.6% whereas the efficacy of mediastinotomy was 66.6%. We believe that diagnostic surgical procedures in patients with SVCS are safe and effective. The use of blind radiation therapy is unjustified, given that some patients present benign processes or malignant ones that are more responsive to chemotherapy. Moreover, subsequent histologic confirmation can be made more difficult after blind radiation.

Key words:
Superior vena cava syndrome
Diagnosis
Mediastinoscopy
Mediastinotomy
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Copyright © 1997. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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