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Vol. 32. Issue 5.
Pages 230-236 (May 1996)
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Vol. 32. Issue 5.
Pages 230-236 (May 1996)
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Pleurodesis con sangre del propio paciente: resultados iniciales en 14 casos
Pleurodesis with self-donated blood: preliminary results in 14 cases
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5401
I. Blanco Blanco1, H. Canto Argiz, F. Carro del Camino, J. Fuentes Vigil
Unidad de Neumología. Hospital Valle del Nalón. Langreo. Asturias
J. Sala Blanco*
* Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico. Hospital Valle del Nalón. Langreo. Asturias
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Catorce pacientes adultos con neumotorax espontáneo (NE), nueve con NE primario (NEP) y cinco con NE secundario (NES), fueron tratados con sangre autóloga intrapleural, en un intento terapéutico de pleurodesis. A todos se les instilaron una sola vez 50 ml de sangre, excepto uno que precisó 2 instilaciones con un volumen total de 120 ml. El procedimiento se realizó siempre en la cama de los pacientes. Con el tubo de tórax insertado la mayoría de las veces en situación apical y el pulmón reexpandido, se elevó verticalmente el extremo externo del catéter de drenaje, y por él se instiló inmediatamente la sangre del propio paciente extraída de una vena superficial del antebrazo. Luego, con el tubo ocluido, los pacientes encamados realizaron rotaciones durante 2 horas, para distribuir uniformemente la sangre por la cavidad pleural. La tolerancia fue excelente, sin aparecer dolor en ningún caso. La única complicación destacable fue un derrame pleural infeccioso, en el que no se identificó el germen, controlado con evacuación y antibióticos.

En 13 de los 14 pacientes (92%) se logró el cierre de fístula, en un tiempo inferior a 12 horas en siete (53%), en menos de 24 horas en tres (23%), en menos de 48 horas en dos (15%), y en menos de 72 horas en los dos restantes (15%). Se registraron recidivas del NE en 4 casos (28,5%), dos en pacientes con NES y dos en NEP. En un período de tiempo de seguimiento posterior de 10 a 32 meses (media: 16 meses), 10 de los 14 pacientes (71,4%) no presentaron recidivas ni complicaciones.

Estos hechos permiten especular que la sangre instilada en la cavidad pleural puede tener 2 mecanismos distintos de actuación: el primero, a corto plazo, como un parche hemático que se adhiere y cierra la zona fistulosa de la pleura visceral y el segundo, a largo plazo, creando sínfisis pleurales por adherencias y tejido fibroso.

En nuestra limitada experiencia, la pleurodesis con sangre autóloga (PSA) ha resultado ser una técnica sencilla de realizar, indolora, cómoda, rápida, barata y de efectividad moderada a corto y medio plazo.

Los principales inconvenientes son la falta de definición de algunas cuestiones técnicas, tales como la cantidad óptima de sangre a instilar, el número de instilaciones a realizar, y si se hiciesen varias, el intervalo de tiempo entre ellas.

Se necesitan más trabajos para verificar o rectificar nuestros resultados y precisar cuál puede ser el lugar que puede ocupar esta técnica en el manejo clínico de los neumotorax.

Palabras clave:
Neumotorax espontáneo
Pleurodesis
Sangre autóloga

Fourteen adults with spontaneous pneumotorax (SP), 9 of whom had primary SP (PSP) and 5 of whom had secondary forms (SSP), were given intrapleural infusions of self-donated blood for pleurodesis. Instillations of 50 mi were given to all except 1, who required a total volume of 120 mi. The procedure was performed in each patient's bed in all cases. With apical chest tube placement in most cases and the lung expanded, the outer tip of the tube was elevated and the patient's own blood was taken from a superficial forearm vein and instilled. Them, with the tube occluded, the patients’ were rotated un bed for a period of 2 hours to distribute the blood evenly throughout the pleural cavity. Tolerance was excellent, with no pain reported by any patient. The only noteworthy complication was 1 case of infectious pleural effusion of unknow etiology which was treated by evacuation and antibiotics.

In 13 (92%).patients closure of the fistula was achieved, in under 12 h in 7 (53%), in under 24 h in 3 (23%), in under 48 h in 2 (15%), and in under 72 h in the remaining 2 (15%). In 4 (28.5%) there was recurrence (2 SSP and 2 PSP patients).

Over a 10 to 32 month follow-up period (mean 16 months), 10 (71.4%) patients experienced no recurrences or complications.

These results allow us to speculate that blood instilled in the pleural cavity may act in 2 ways: in the short term as a blood patch that adheres to and closes the fístula in the visceral pleura, and over the longer term by creating pleural symphysis by adhesions and fibrous tissue.

Our limited experience indicates that pleurodesis with self-donated blood is an easy-to-perform, painless, convenient, rapid and inexpensive procedure that is moderately effective in the short and médium term.

Its main drawbacks are the lack of consensus on certain technical considerations, such as the optimum amount of blood to be instilled, the number of instillations to perform and, if múltiple instillations are carried out, what the interval between them should be.

Further study is needed to confirm or discount our results and to determine the place this technique may have in the clinical management of pneumothorax.

Key words:
Spontaneous pneumothorax
Pleurodesis
Self-donation of blood
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Copyright © 1996. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
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