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Oxygen-conserving devices include transtracheal catheters, reservoir cannulas, and demand oxygen delivery systems. They are designed to extend the amount of time portable oxygen cylinders will last and correct hypoxemia with a lower flow of oxygen. Transtracheal catheters increase the fraction of inspired oxygen by delivering oxygen directly to the trachea, bypassing the dead space of the oropharynx and improving the efficiency of the upper airway as a reservoir. Reservoir cannulas increase the fraction of inspired oxygen at the beginning of the inspiratory phase. Demand oxygen delivery systems have a valve that is activated during inspiration, meaning that oxygen is only delivered during this stage of the respiratory cycle. Each system has advantages and disadvantages arising from differing design features. Prescription should be based on individual tests in all cases to ensure optimal oxygen delivery during rest, exercise, and sleep.
Key words:
Oxygen conservation
Transtracheal catheter
Reservoir cannula
Demand oxygen delivery systems
Los sistemas de ahorro de oxígeno agrupan el catéter transtraqueal, las cánulas reservorio y los sistemas a demanda. Su objetivo es aumentar la autonomía de las fuentes de oxígeno portátiles consiguiendo una corrección de la hi-poxemia con menor flujo de oxígeno. El catéter transtraqueal aumenta la fracción inspiratoria de oxígeno al proporcionar oxígeno directamente en la tráquea, lo que evita el espacio muerto de la cavidad orofaríngea y favorece que la vía aérea superior actúe como reservorio. Las cánulas reservorio au-mentan la fracción inspiratoria de oxígeno al inicio de la ins-piración. Los sistemas a demanda cuentan con una válvula que se activa con la inspiración, de modo que se administra oxígeno sólo durante esta fase del ciclo respiratorio. Debido a sus diferentes características, cada sistema presenta venta-jas e inconvenientes. Para su correcta prescripción debe ajustarse individualmente el flujo de oxígeno tanto en reposo como durante el ejercicio o el sueño con las pruebas pertinentes.
Palabras clave:
Ahorro de oxígeno
Catéter transtraqueal
Cánulas reservorio
Sistemas a demanda
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