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Vol. 31. Issue 9.
Pages 455-459 (November 1995)
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Vol. 31. Issue 9.
Pages 455-459 (November 1995)
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Mesotelioma maligno pleural. Características clínicas, factores pronósticos y tratamiento
Malignant pleural mesothelioma. Clinical manifestations, prognostic factors and treatment
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R. Mesía, C. Pallares1, L. Mendoza, M. Bellet, J.J. López López
Servicio de Oncología Médica. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona
M. Vega*, C. León**
* Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona
** Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona
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El mesotelioma maligno pleural es una enfermedad letal a corto plazo con independencia del tipo de tratamiento realizado. Se han analizado de forma retrospectiva las características clínicas, los factores pronósticos y los tratamientos realizados en 41 pacientes seguidos en los últimos 13 años en un servicio de oncología. El 32% de los pacientes tenía una exposición previa al asbesto, el 61% ≤ 60 años, el 71% un índice de Karnofsky ≥ 80% y el 63% un estadio I de Butchart. El primer síntoma al diagnóstico fue el dolor en el 66% de los casos y la mediana de tiempo desde el primer síntoma al primer diagnóstico fue de 3 meses. Treinta pacientes nunca obtuvieron una remisión completa (RC) de su enfermedad: 15 tratados con quimioterapia (QMT) paliativa, uno radioterapia (RT) paliativa, 5 con pleurectomía parcial (PP) más RT y/o QMT y 9 con tratamiento sintomático de soporte. Sólo 11 (27%) pacientes obtuvieron una remisión completa de su enfermedad al Analizar el tratamiento: 7 pacientes tratados con neumonectomía extrapleural, 2 ciclos de QMT y RT y 4 pacientes tratados con PP con o sin RT y/o QMT posterior. Sólo tres de estos pacientes están vivos sin recidiva a más de un año de seguimiento. La mediana de supervivencia de los 41 pacientes fue de 8 meses. En el análisis univariado, los factores pronósticos que influenciaron la supervivencia fueron la edad y el índice de Karnofsky. El grupo seleccionado de pacientes tratados inicialmente con cirugía obtuvo una supervivencia superior. En conclusión, sólo el índice de Karnofsky y la edad fueron factores pronósticos en nuestra serie. La mejor supervivencia de los pacientes tratados inicialmente con cirugía estaría en relación con la selección previa de éstos.

Palabras clave:
Mesotelioma pleural
Factores pronósticos

Malignant pleural mesothelioma soon leads to death no matter what type of treatment is provided. We discuss the clinical signs, prognostic factors and treatment given in 41 cases managed over the past 13 years in our oncology department. 32% had been exposed to asbestos, 61% were 60 years old or younger, 71% had a Karnofsky's index ≥ 80% and 63% were stage I (Butchart). The first symptom leading to diagnosis was pain in 66% and mean time between first symptom and diagnosis was 3 months. Thirty patients never experienced full remission of disease: 15 were treated with palliative chemotherapy (CHT), 1 with palliative radiotherapy (RT), 5 with partial pleurectomy (PP) plus RT and/or CHT. Nine were given symptomatic treatment only. Only 11 (27%) patients experienced full remission after treatment: 7 had had extrapleural pneumonectomy, 2 had been given CHT and RT series and 4 had undergone PP with or without RT and/or CHT follow-up. Only 3 of these patients were still alive with no relapse more than 1 year later. Mean survival was 8 months. Univariate analysis revealed that the prognostic factors influencing survival were age and Karnofsky's index. Patients initially treated with surgery had a higher rate of survival. In conclusion, only Karnofsky's index and age were prognostic factors in our series. The better survival of patients initially treated surgically is probably related to prior screening.

Key words:
Pleural mesothelioma
Pronostic factors
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Copyright © 1995. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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