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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background and Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The measurement of breathing pattern in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease &#40;COPD&#41; by electrical impedance tomography &#40;EIT&#41; requires the use of a mathematical calibration model incorporating not only anthropometric characteristics &#40;previously evaluated in healthy individuals&#41; but probably functional alterations associated with COPD as well&#46; The aim of this study was to analyze the association between EIT measurements and spirometry parameters&#44; static lung volumes&#44; and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity &#40;DLCO&#41; in a group of male patients to develop a calibration equation for converting EIT signals into volume signals&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materials and Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We measured forced vital capacity &#40;FVC&#41;&#44; forced expiratory volume in 1 second &#40;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#41;&#44; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#47;FVC&#44; residual volume&#44; total lung capacity&#44; DLCO&#44; carbon monoxide transfer coefficient &#40;KCO&#41; and standard anthropometric parameters in 28 patients with a FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#47;FVC ratio of &#60;70&#37;&#46; We then compared tidal volume measurements from a previously validated EIT unit and a standard pneumotachometer&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mean &#40;SD&#41; lung function results were FVC&#44; 72 &#40;16&#37;&#41;&#59; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#44; 43&#37; &#40;14&#37;&#41;&#59; FEV1&#47;FVC&#44; 42&#37; &#40;9&#37;&#41;&#59; residual volume&#44; 161&#37; &#40;44&#37;&#41;&#59; total lung capacity&#44; 112&#37; &#40;17&#37;&#41;&#59; DLCO&#44; 58&#37; &#40;17&#37;&#41;&#59; and KCO&#44; 75&#37; &#40;25&#37;&#41;&#46; Mean &#40;SD&#41; tidal volumes measured by the pneumotachometer and the EIT unit were 0&#46;697 &#40;0&#46;181&#41; L and 0&#46;515 &#40;0&#46;223&#41; L&#44; respectively &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#41;&#46; Significant associations were found between EIT measurements and CO transfer parameters&#46; The mathematical model developed to adjust for the differences between the 2 measurements &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#61;0&#46;568&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#41; was compensation factor&#61;1&#46;81 &#8211; 0&#46;82 &#215; height &#40;m&#41; &#8211; 0&#46;004&#215;KCO &#40;&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The measurement of breathing pattern by EIT in patients with COPD requires the use of a previously calculated calibration equation that incorporates not only individual anthropometric characteristics but gas exchange parameters as well&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La medici&#243;n del patr&#243;n ventilatorio &#40;PV&#41; en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica &#40;EPOC&#41; mediante tomograf&#237;a por impedancia el&#233;ctrica &#40;TIE&#41; requiere disponer de un modelo matem&#225;tico de calibraci&#243;n que tenga en cuenta no s&#243;lo las caracter&#237;sticas antropom&#233;tricas &#40;ya evaluadas en la persona sana&#41;&#44; sino probablemente tambi&#233;n las alteraciones funcionales propias de la enfermedad&#46; El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido relacionar&#44; en un grupo de pacientes &#40;varones&#41; con EPOC&#44; las variables de la funci&#243;n pulmonar &#8211;espirometr&#237;a&#44; vol&#250;menes est&#225;ticos&#44; transferencia de mon&#243;xido de carbono &#40;CO&#41;&#8212; con las determinaciones de TIE y obtener una ecuaci&#243;n de calibraci&#243;n que permita convertir la se&#241;al el&#233;ctrica de la TIE en una se&#241;al de volumen&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudi&#243; a 28 pacientes &#8211;volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo &#40;FEV1&#41;&#47; capacidad vital forzada &#40;FVC&#41; &#60; 70&#37;&#8211; con un equipo TIE-4 previamente validado y se compararon los resultados con los de un neumotac&#243;metro est&#225;ndar&#46; Previamente se determinaron los siguientes par&#225;metros&#58; FVC&#44; FEV1&#44; FEV1&#47;FVC&#44; volumen residual&#44; capacidad pulmonar total&#44; capacidad de difusi&#243;n de CO y coeficiente de transferencia de CO &#40;KCO&#41;&#44; adem&#225;s de las variables antropom&#233;tricas habituales&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los valores medios &#40;&#177; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#41; de las diferentes pruebas funcionales fueron&#58; FVC del 72 &#177; 16&#37;&#59; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> del 43 &#177; 14&#37;&#59; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#47;FVC del 42 &#177; 9&#37;&#59; volumen residual del 161 &#177; 44&#37;&#44; capacidad pulmonar total del 112 &#177; 17&#37;&#59; capacidad de difusi&#243;n de CO del 58 &#177; 17&#37;&#44; y KCO del 76 &#177; 25&#37;&#46; Los valores medios de volumen circulante de las determinaciones obtenidas con el neumotac&#243;metro y la TIE fueron de 0&#44;697 &#177; 0&#44;181 y 0&#44;515 &#177; 0&#44;223 l&#44; respectivamente &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Se encontraron relaciones significativas entre las medidas de la TIE y la transferencia de CO&#46; El modelo matem&#225;tico para ajustar las diferencias entre ambas determinaciones &#40;R<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 0&#44;568&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41; fue&#58; factor de compensaci&#243;n &#61; 1&#44;81 &#8211; 0&#44;82 &#215; talla &#40;m&#41; &#8211; 0&#44;004 &#215; KCO &#40;&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La medici&#243;n del PV mediante un equipo de TIE en pacientes con EPOC requiere una calibraci&#243;n previa que tenga en cuenta no s&#243;lo las caracter&#237;sticas f&#237;sicas de cada individuo&#44; sino adem&#225;s la situaci&#243;n funcional del &#225;rea de intercambio gaseoso&#46;</p>"
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Journal Information
Vol. 45. Issue 7.
Pages 320-324 (July 2009)
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Vol. 45. Issue 7.
Pages 320-324 (July 2009)
Original Article
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Measuring Breathing Pattern in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Electrical Impedance Tomography
Medición del patrón ventilatorio mediante tomografía por impedancia eléctrica en pacientes con EPOC
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5126
Marco Ballezaa,b,
Corresponding author
jballeza@santpau.cat

Corresponding author.
, Núria Calafa, Teresa Feixasa, Mercedes Gonzáleza, Daniel Antónb, Pere J. Riub, Pere Casana
a Unitat de Funció Pulmonar, Departament de Pneumologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Article information
Abstract
Background and Objective

The measurement of breathing pattern in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by electrical impedance tomography (EIT) requires the use of a mathematical calibration model incorporating not only anthropometric characteristics (previously evaluated in healthy individuals) but probably functional alterations associated with COPD as well. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between EIT measurements and spirometry parameters, static lung volumes, and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) in a group of male patients to develop a calibration equation for converting EIT signals into volume signals.

Materials and Methods

We measured forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, residual volume, total lung capacity, DLCO, carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO) and standard anthropometric parameters in 28 patients with a FEV1/FVC ratio of <70%. We then compared tidal volume measurements from a previously validated EIT unit and a standard pneumotachometer.

Results

The mean (SD) lung function results were FVC, 72 (16%); FEV1, 43% (14%); FEV1/FVC, 42% (9%); residual volume, 161% (44%); total lung capacity, 112% (17%); DLCO, 58% (17%); and KCO, 75% (25%). Mean (SD) tidal volumes measured by the pneumotachometer and the EIT unit were 0.697 (0.181) L and 0.515 (0.223) L, respectively (P<.001). Significant associations were found between EIT measurements and CO transfer parameters. The mathematical model developed to adjust for the differences between the 2 measurements (R2=0.568; P<.001) was compensation factor=1.81 – 0.82 × height (m) – 0.004×KCO (%).

Conclusions

The measurement of breathing pattern by EIT in patients with COPD requires the use of a previously calculated calibration equation that incorporates not only individual anthropometric characteristics but gas exchange parameters as well.

Keywords:
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT)
Breathing pattern
Pneumotachometer
Calibration
Resumen
Introducción

La medición del patrón ventilatorio (PV) en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) mediante tomografía por impedancia eléctrica (TIE) requiere disponer de un modelo matemático de calibración que tenga en cuenta no sólo las características antropométricas (ya evaluadas en la persona sana), sino probablemente también las alteraciones funcionales propias de la enfermedad. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido relacionar, en un grupo de pacientes (varones) con EPOC, las variables de la función pulmonar –espirometría, volúmenes estáticos, transferencia de monóxido de carbono (CO)— con las determinaciones de TIE y obtener una ecuación de calibración que permita convertir la señal eléctrica de la TIE en una señal de volumen.

Material y métodos

Se estudió a 28 pacientes –volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (FEV1)/ capacidad vital forzada (FVC) < 70%– con un equipo TIE-4 previamente validado y se compararon los resultados con los de un neumotacómetro estándar. Previamente se determinaron los siguientes parámetros: FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, volumen residual, capacidad pulmonar total, capacidad de difusión de CO y coeficiente de transferencia de CO (KCO), además de las variables antropométricas habituales.

Resultados

Los valores medios (± desviación estándar) de las diferentes pruebas funcionales fueron: FVC del 72 ± 16%; FEV1 del 43 ± 14%; FEV1/FVC del 42 ± 9%; volumen residual del 161 ± 44%, capacidad pulmonar total del 112 ± 17%; capacidad de difusión de CO del 58 ± 17%, y KCO del 76 ± 25%. Los valores medios de volumen circulante de las determinaciones obtenidas con el neumotacómetro y la TIE fueron de 0,697 ± 0,181 y 0,515 ± 0,223 l, respectivamente (p < 0,001). Se encontraron relaciones significativas entre las medidas de la TIE y la transferencia de CO. El modelo matemático para ajustar las diferencias entre ambas determinaciones (R2 = 0,568; p < 0,001) fue: factor de compensación = 1,81 – 0,82 × talla (m) – 0,004 × KCO (%).

Conclusiones

La medición del PV mediante un equipo de TIE en pacientes con EPOC requiere una calibración previa que tenga en cuenta no sólo las características físicas de cada individuo, sino además la situación funcional del área de intercambio gaseoso.

Palabras clave:
Tomografía por impedancia eléctrica (TIE)
Patrón ventilatorio
Neumotacómetro
Calibración
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Copyright © 2009. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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