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Vol. 35. Issue 10.
Pages 477-482 (November 1999)
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Vol. 35. Issue 10.
Pages 477-482 (November 1999)
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Indicaciones y resultados de la cirugía videotoracoscópica. Consideraciones sobre 152 procedimientos
Indications and results of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Reflections on 152 procedures
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G. Galán Gil*, V. Tarrazona Hervás, A. Morcillo Aixelá
Unidad de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Valencia
V. Calvo Medinaa, P. Martínez Casañb, F. París Romeub
a Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital La Fe. Valencia
b Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Valencia
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Desde que la toracoscopia fue descrita en 1910, su aplicación se ha limitado fundamentalmente al diagnóstico y tratamiento sintomático de enfermedades pleurales. Recientes avances tecnológicos endoscópicos y el refinamiento de la técnica quirúrgica han ampliado sus indicaciones dando origen a la cirugía videotoracoscópica (CVT). Esta nueva modalidad quirúrgica permite visualizar, acceder y actuar sobre los órganos intratorácicos sin necesidad de toracotomía, evitando los riesgos inherentes a la misma.

Hemos revisado nuestra experiencia desde abril de 1994 hasta noviembre de 1998, que incluye 152 procedimientos en 141 pacientes consecutivos. Las lesiones que presentaban fueron 94 neumotorax, 10 alteraciones del sistema nervioso simpático, 10 neumopatías difusas, 9 tumores pulmonares, 4 metástasis pulmonares, 5 tumores pleurales, 2 tumores mediastínicos, 2 derrames pericárdicos, 2 lesiones de raquis y una pancreatitis crónica.

No hubo mortalidad asociada con la técnica. La incidencia total de complicaciones postoperatorias no fatales fue del 11%. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron fuga aérea prolongada (5%) y derrame pleural hemático (3,5%). La estancia hospitalaria postoperatoria media fue de 3,8 días, oscilando entre 1 y 18 días.

Nuestra experiencia indica una marcada expansión de la CVT para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de lesiones torácicas muy variadas. La incidencia de morbilidad es baja, comparada con los procedimientos de toracotomía. La presencia de fuga aérea prolongada no difiere significativamente de la de las toracotomías. La cirugía videotoracoscópica parece segura y particularmente útil en algunas indicaciones, con escasa morbilidad postoperatoria y muy buena tolerancia clínica.

Palabras clave:
Videotoracoscopia
Indicaciones
Resultados

Since thoracoscopy was first described in 1910, its application has been confined mainly to diagnosis and symptomatic treatment of pleural diseases. Recent technological advances in endoscopy and the refinement of surgical technique have brought wider applications, giving rise to videoassisted thoracoscopy (VAT). VAT surgery allows us to view, access and act upon internal thoracic organs without recourse to thoracotomy, thus circumventing inherent risk.

We have reviewed our experience from April 1994 through November 1998 in 152 procedures with 141 consecutive patients. Diagnoses were pneumothorax in 94 cases, sympathetic nervous system alteration in 10, diffuse lung disease in 10, lung tumors in 9, pulmonary metastasis in 4, pleural tumors in 5, mediastinal tumors in 2, pericardial effusion in 2, spinal disease in 2 and chronic pancreatitis in 1.

No deaths associated with the procedure occurred. The incidence of non-fatal postoperative complication was 11%. The most common complications were prolonged air leak (5%) and bloody pleural effusion (3.5%). The mean length of postoperative hospital care was 3.8 days (range 1 to 18 days).

Our experience indicates that VAT is increasingly used to diagnose and treat a variety of chest lesions. Complications are fewer than in procedures in which thoracotomy is needed. Prolonged air leakage does not occur significantly more often with VAT than with thoracotomy. VAT is apparently safe and is particularly useful in some situations, as postoperative morbidity is low and clinical tolerance good.

Key words:
Video-assisted thoracoscopy
Indications
Outcome
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Copyright © 1999. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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