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Vol. 45. Issue 11.
Pages 545-549 (November 2009)
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Vol. 45. Issue 11.
Pages 545-549 (November 2009)
Original article
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Impact of Preventive Treatment With Long-Acting β2-Adrenergic Agonists and Inhaled Corticosteroids on the Morbidity and Mortality of Severe Asthma Exacerbations in 1543 Patients
Impacto del tratamiento preventivo con agonistas adrenérgicos β2 de acción larga y glucocorticoides inhalados en la morbimortalidad de 1.543 episodios de exacerbación grave de asma
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Vicente Plazaa,
Corresponding author
vplaza@santpau.cat

Corresponding author.
, Jesús Bellido-Casadoa, Gustavo J. Rodrigob, Javier Solartec, Gema Rodríguez-Trigod,e, Ricardo Sepúlvedaf, Hugo Neffeng, Miguel Perpiñáh
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Departamento de Emergencia, Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, Montevideo. Facultad de Medicina Claeh, Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay
c Unidad de Medicina Respiratoria, Hospital San Ignacio, Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
d Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, A Coruña, Spain
e Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
f Instituto del Tórax, Santiago, Chile
g Unidad de Medicina Respiratoria, Hospital de Niños O. Allassia, Santa Fe, Argentina
h Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Arch Bronconeumol. 2010;46:45110.1016/S1579-2129(10)70110-5
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Abstract
Background and objectives

Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining long-acting β2-adrenergic agonists (LABA) as maintenance treatment for asthma have shown surprisingly conflicting results. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact, in terms of efficacy and safety, of previous maintenance treatment on severe asthma exacerbations.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively evaluated the clinical characteristics of exacerbations experienced by 1543 patients with moderate persistent and severe persistent asthma. Drug therapy was as follows: a combination of inhaled LABAs and corticosteroids (493 patients), an inhaled corticosteroid only (456 patients), and no maintenance treatment (594 patients).

Results

Asthmatic patients taking LABAs did not show higher mortality, longer stay in the intensive care unit, longer hospital stay, lower pH, or worse airflow obstruction than the other 2 groups. On the contrary, they had a higher mean (SD) forced expiratory volume in 1 second at discharge (54% [16%]) than patients taking inhaled corticosteroids (48% [19%]) and patients taking no maintenance treatment (48% [20%]) (P=.009). Patients taking no maintenance treatment also had lower mean (SD) pH values (7.37 [0.11]) than patients taking LABAs (7.39 [0.09]) and patients taking inhaled corticosteroids (7.39 [0.08]) (P=.002), and more admissions to the intensive care unit (11.1% vs 6.5% and 7.7%; P=.002 and P=.018, respectively).

Conclusions

This study did not reveal higher morbidity or mortality in severe asthma exacerbations in patients with moderate persistent or severe persistent asthma who had received inhaled LABAs combined with inhaled corticosteroids. On the contrary, asthma patients who did not use maintenance treatment experienced more severe asthma exacerbations.

Keywords:
Asthma
Morbidity
Mortality
Severe asthma exacerbation
Preventive treatment of asthma
Inhaled corticosteroids
Inhaled long-acting β2-agonists
Resumen
Introducción

Recientes revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis que han analizado la seguridad de los agonistas adrenérgicos β2 de acción larga por vía inhalada en el tratamiento de mantenimiento del asma han mostrado, sorprendentemente, resultados dispares. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar el impacto, en términos de eficacia y seguridad, del tratamiento previo de mantenimiento del asma en la exacerbación asmática grave.

Pacientes y métodos

Se han evaluado retrospectivamente las características clínicas de las exacerbaciones graves que presentaron 1.543 pacientes con asma persistente moderada o grave, de los que 493 recibían previamente un agonista adrenérgico β2 de acción larga más un glucocorticoide, ambos inhalados; 456 recibían sólo un glucocorticoide inhalado, y 594 no seguían ningún tratamiento de mantenimiento.

Resultados

El grupo que recibía un agonista adrenérgico β2 de acción larga inhalado no presentó mayores mortalidad, necesidad de ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y estancia hospitalaria, peor pH ni mayor obstrucción del flujo aéreo que los otros 2 grupos de pacientes. Por el contrario, al recibir el alta hospitalaria presentó un volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo significativamente mejor (p = 0,009): media ± desviación estándar del 54 ± 16%, frente al 48±19 y el 48 ± 20% de los otros 2 grupos. En el grupo que no recibía tratamiento previo el pH fue significativamente peor (7,37 ± 0,11, frente a 7,39 ± 0,09 y 7,39 ± 0,08) y hubo una mayor proporción de pacientes que precisaron ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (el 11,1 frente al 6,5 y el 7,7%), en comparación con los otros 2 (p = 0,002 y p = 0,018, respectivamente).

Conclusiones

El presente estudio no constató una mayor morbimortalidad de la exacerbación asmática grave en los pacientes con asma persistente moderada-grave que recibían previamente tratamiento con un agonista adrenérgico β2 de acción larga y un glucocorticoide inhalados. Por el contrario, quienes no seguían tratamiento de mantenimiento presentaron una exacerbación más grave.

Palabras clave:
Asma
Morbilidad
Mortalidad
Exacerbación grave de asma
Tratamiento preventivo del asma
Glucocorticoides inhalados
Agonistas adrenérgicos β2 de acción larga inhalados
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Copyright © 2009. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
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