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Vol. 34. Issue 2.
Pages 82-86 (February 1998)
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Vol. 34. Issue 2.
Pages 82-86 (February 1998)
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Homogeneidad celular en las diversas porciones del diafragma
Cell homogeneity in diverse portions of the diaphragm
Visits
3842
M.A. Jiménez-Fuentes, J. Gea*, F. Gallego, J.M. Broquetas
Servicio de Neumología y Unidad Respiratoria y Ambiental. Hospital del Mar-IMIM. Barcelona
M. Mariñána, J.B. Gáldiza
a Servicio de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica. Hospital de Cruces. Bilbao
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El diafragma es el principal músculo inspiratorio. Está formado por dos porciones (costal y crural) que presentan diferencias tanto anatómicas como funcionales. Las características morfométricas generales del diafragma se han descrito en diversas especies, pero no se ha estudiado adecuadamente su homogeneidad a lo largo del músculo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el fenotipo fibrilar de las diversas porciones del diafragma.

Se realizó la exéresis de todo el músculo del diafragma en cinco conejos Nueva Zelanda. El diafragma fue posteriormente fraccionado en sus cuadrantes. Las muestras fueron procesadas para morfometría (tinciones de hematoxilina-eosina, NADH-TR y ATPasa a pH de 4,2, 4,6 y 9,4), valorándose en cada porción los porcentajes y tamaño de las fibras, expresado este último por su diámetro mínimo (Dm), área medida (Ar) y área calculada (Ac).

Los animales mostraron un porcentaje de fibras y tamaño de éstas similar entre los hemidiafragmas derecho e izquierdo (20 porciones evaluadas); respectivamente, 50±2 y 51±4% de fibras tipo I, Dm tipo I de 38±5 y 41±4μm, Ar tipo I de 1.798±481 y 2.030±390μm2, Ac tipo I 1.182±360 y 1.321±382μm2; Dm tipo II de 46±4 y 46±5μm, Ar tipo II 2.466±388μm2 y 2.539±456μm2, Ac tipo II 1.642±255 y 1.655±382μm2. Tampoco se observaron diferencias entre las porciones costal y crural del músculo (n=20); respectivamente, 50±3 y 50±2% tipo I, Dm tipo I 39±5 y 40±4μm, Ar tipo I 1.857±521 y 1.964±365μm2, Ac tipo 11.231±317 y 1.266±288μm2; Dm tipo II 47±4 y 44±3μm, Ar tipo II 2.563±481 y 2.430±331μm2, Ac tipo II 1.729±373 y 1.557±212μm2. Sin embargo, las fibras tipo II eran algo mayores que las tipo I en todas las porciones (p=0,001).

El diafragma de conejo Nueva Zelanda muestra proporciones similares entre sus fibras de contracción lenta y rápida. Su tamaño no difiere del observado en otras especies de mamíferos de tamaño similar. Tampoco difiere para cada tipo de fibra a lo largo del músculo, aunque las tipo II son mayores que las de tipo I en todas la porciones. Así, las características morfométricas son homogéneas a lo largo del diafragma, lo que sugiere una respuesta homogénea del músculo frente a las cargas habituales y además permite plantearse estudios morfométricos longitudinales, utilizando esta especie animal como modelo.

Palabras clave:
Diafragma
Fibras
Homogeneidad

The diaphragm is the main inspiratory muscle. It is composed of two parts, the costal and crural, with both anatomical and functional differences. The general morphometric characteristics of the diaphragm have been described in various species but homogeneity throughout the muscle has not been adecuately studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fiber phenotype of various parts of the diaphragm.

The entire diaphragm muscles of five New Zealand rabbits were removed and each was divided into quarters. The specimens were processed for morphometry (hematoxyllineosin stains, NADH-TR and ATPase at pH levels of 4.2, 4.6 and 9.4). For each portion we measured percent and size of fibers, expressing the latter as minimum diameter (Dm), measured area (Ar) and calculated area (Ac).

Left and right diaphragm hemispheres (20 portions examined) were similar for fiber percentages and sizes. For left and right halves, respectively 50±2 and 51±4% of fibers were type I; type I Dm measurements were 38±5 and 41±μm; type I Ar values were 1798±481 and 2030±390μm2; type I Ac valúes were 1181±360 and 1321±382μm2; type II Dm values were 46±4 and 46 + 5μm; type II Ar values were 2466±388μm2 and 2539±456μm2; type II Ac data were 1642±255 and 1655±382μm2. We likewise found no differences between costal and crural portions of the muscle (n=20). For costal and crural portions, respectively, 50±3 and 50±2% of fibers were type I; type I Dm sizes were 39 ± and 40±4μm; type I Ar measurements were 1859±521 and 1964±365μm2; type I Ac figures were 1231±317 and 1266±288μm2; type II Dm were 47±4 and 44±3μm; type II Ar were 2563±481 and 2430±331μm2; type II Ac were 1729±373 and 1557±212μm2. Type II fibers, however, were somewhat larger than type I fibers in all portions (p=0.001).

New Zealand rabbit diaphragm muscle has similar percentages of slow and rapid contraction fibers. The size is not different from that observed in other species of mammals of similar size. Fiber type proportions are similar throughout the muscle, with more type II fibers present in all areas. The morphometric characters, therefore, suggest an homogeneous throughout the diaphragm, suggesting homogeneous response of the muscle to usual loads, and also suggesting the possibility of proposing longitudinal morphometric studies using this species as a model.

Key words:
Diaphragm
Fibers
Homogeneity
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Copyright © 1998. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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