Article information
Resumen
La neumonía e influenza estacional tienen consecuencias importantes en la mortalidad, morbilidad y coste de pacientes alrededor del mundo. A finales del mes de marzo de 2009 se reportó un brote de influenza A (H1N1) en México, que se extendió rápidamente alrededor del mundo, incluyendo Estados Unidos, llegando a nivel de pandemia. La actividad de influenza A (H1N1) ha alcanzado niveles más altos que los reportados en años anteriores, afectando principalmente a la población pediátrica menor de 18 años. Adicionalmente, un grupo de condiciones comórbidas fue más frecuentemente asociado en los pacientes con influenza A (H1N1) grave, que incluye: enfermedad pulmonar crónica, inmunosupresión, enfermedad cardíaca, obesidad y embarazo. La pandemia actual ha tenido un impacto bastante importante en salud pública de Estados Unidos y en muchos otros países alrededor del mundo. Por lo tanto, esta revisión pretende dar una mirada a la experiencia norteamericana sobre la epidemia por el virus de la influenza A (H1N1), enfocándose cronológicamente en la epidemiología, grupos de alto riesgo, diagnóstico, vacunación y manejo.
Palabras clave:
Neumonía
Influenza
Agentes antivirales
Abstract
Pneumonia and seasonal influenza have major repercussions on mortality, morbidity and costs worldwide. At the end of March 2009, an outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) was reported in Mexico that rapidly spread throughout the world, including the United States, reaching pandemic proportions. The activity of influenza A (H1N1) has reached levels higher than those reported in previous years, mainly affecting the pediatric population aged less than 18 years old. In addition, a group of comorbid conditions were more frequently associated in patients with severe influenza A (H1N1), including chronic pulmonary disease, immunosuppression, heart disease, obesity and pregnancy.
The current pandemic has had a substantial impact on public health in the United States and in many other countries worldwide. Therefore, the present review aims to examine the North American experience of the influenza A (H1N1) epidemic, focussing chronologically on the epidemiology of the virus, high risk groups, diagnosis, vaccination and management.
Keywords:
Pneumonia
Influenza
Antiviral agents
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