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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hemos realizado un trabajo comparativo en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica &#40;EPOC&#41;&#44; s&#237;ndrome de hipoventilaci&#243;n-obesidad &#40;SHO&#41; e insuficiencia card&#237;aca congestiva &#40;ICC&#41; sometidos a ventilaci&#243;n no invasiva &#40;VNI&#41; en una unidad de monitorizaci&#243;n de neumolog&#237;a por presentar acidosis hipox&#233;mica-hiperc&#225;pnica&#46; El objetivo ha sido valorar la respuesta cl&#237;nica y gasom&#233;trica en funci&#243;n del diagn&#243;stico&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;tods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se trata de un estudio prospectivo &#40;12 meses de duraci&#243;n&#41; en 53 pacientes con acidosis hipox&#233;micahiperc&#225;pnica&#44; de los que 27 presentaban EPOC&#59; 17&#44; SHO&#44; y 9&#44; ICC&#46; Realizamos un an&#225;lisis de la gravedad gasom&#233;trica inicial&#44; de la evoluci&#243;n gasom&#233;trica &#40;tras tratamiento convencional y tras VNI a las 1-3 h y 12-24 h&#41; y de la mortalidad&#46; Todos ellos recibieron VNI tipo BiPAP en modo asistido-controlado&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La presentaci&#243;n gasom&#233;trica inicial era similar en las 3 entidades &#40;valores medios &#177; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar de pH&#44; 7&#44;28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1 en la EPOC&#59; 7&#44;29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;09 en SHO&#44; y 7&#44;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;07 en ICC&#59; no significativo&#41;&#46; Tras tratamiento convencional inicial&#44; en los pacientes con EPOC se observ&#243; un empeoramiento de la presi&#243;n arterial de anh&#237;drido carb&#243;nico &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;026&#41;&#44; y en aquellos con ICC&#44; una mejor&#237;a de la presi&#243;n arterial de ox&#237;geno &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;028&#41;&#46; Tras el inicio de la VNI &#40;1-3 h&#41; se produjo una mejor&#237;a del pH &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;002&#41; y de la presi&#243;n arterial de ox&#237;geno &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;041&#41; en la EPOC&#44; y del pH &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;03&#41; y de la presi&#243;n arterial de anh&#237;drido carb&#243;nico &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;045&#41; en el SHO&#59; no hubo cambios significativos en la ICC&#46; Tras 12-24 h con VNI&#44; el pH fue de 7&#44;36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;04 en la EPOC&#44; de 7&#44;36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 en el SHO y de 7&#44;25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1 &#40;no significativo&#41; en la ICC&#46; La mortalidad fue del 11&#44;1&#37; en la EPOC&#44; del 0&#37; en el SHO y del 33&#44;3&#37; en la ICC &#40;no significativo&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;076&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Partiendo de una gravedad gasom&#233;trica similar&#44; en el SHO y la EPOC se observ&#243; una mejor respuesta a la VNI que en la ICC&#46; El inicio de la VNI suele precederse de mala respuesta al tratamiento convencional en la EPOC&#44; lo que har&#237;a replantearse la demora para iniciarla&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We compared the use of noninvasive ventilation &#40;NIV&#41; for hypercapnic acidosis with hypoxemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease &#40;COPD&#41;&#44; obesity hypoventilation syndrome &#40;OHS&#41;&#44; or congestive heart failure &#40;CHF&#41; in a respiratory medicine monitoring unit&#46; The objective was to evaluate each diagnostic group&#8217;s response to therapy in terms of clinical course and evolution of blood gases&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prospective&#44; 12-month study of 53 patients with hypercapnic acidosis with hypoxemia&#46; Twenty-seven patients had COPD&#44; 17 OHS&#44; and 9 CHF&#46; Severity was assessed based on initial arterial blood gas analysis&#46; Clinical course was studied by blood gas analysis after conventional treatment and after NIV &#40;1-3 hours and 12-24 hours&#41;&#46; Mortality was recorded&#46; All patients received bilevel positive airway pressure support in assist-control mode&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">No significant differences were observed between mean &#40;SD&#41; initial pH findings in the 3 diagnostic groups&#58; COPD&#44; 7&#46;28 &#40;0&#46;1&#41;&#59; OHS&#44; 7&#46;29 &#40;0&#46;09&#41;&#59; and CHF&#44; 7&#46;24 &#40;0&#46;07&#41;&#46; &#40;nonsignificant differences&#41;&#46; After initial conventional treatment&#44; PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> worsened for COPD patients &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;026&#41; and PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> improved for CHF patients &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;028&#41;&#46; After 1 to 3 hours of NIV&#44; pH &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;002&#41; and PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;041&#41; improved for COPD patients&#44; and pH &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;03&#41; and PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;045&#41; improved in OHS patients&#59; no significant changes were observed in CHF patients&#46; After 12 to 24 hours of NIV&#44; the mean pH was 7&#46;36 &#40;0&#46;04&#41; for COPD patients&#44; 7&#46;36 &#40;0&#46;05&#41; for OHS patients&#44; and 7&#46;25 &#40;0&#46;1&#41; for CHF patients &#40;not significant&#41;&#46; The mortality rate was 11&#46;1&#37; for COPD&#44; 0&#37; for OHS&#44; and 33&#46;3&#37; for CHS &#40;not significant&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;076&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In this group of patients with similar initial arterial blood gas values&#44; response to NIV was seen to be better in OHS and COPD than in CHF&#46; That the start of NIV is usually preceded by a poor response to conventional COPD treatment suggests that delaying NIV should be reconsidered&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 42. Issue 9.
Pages 423-429 (September 2006)
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Vol. 42. Issue 9.
Pages 423-429 (September 2006)
Originales
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Evolución comparativa con ventilación no invasiva de pacientes con EPOC, síndrome de hipoventilación-obesidad e insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva ingresados en una unidad de monitorización respiratoria
Evolution of Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome or Congestive Heart Failure in a Respiratory Monitoring Unit
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Ángel Ortega González, Germán Peces-Barba Romero
Corresponding author
gpecesba@fjd.es

Correspondencia: Dr. G. Peces-Barba Romero. Servicio de Neumología. Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UTE. Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2. 28040 Madrid. España.
, Itziar Fernández Ormaechea, René Chumbi Flores, Noelia Cubero de Frutos, Nicolás González Mangado
Servicio de Neumología. Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Madrid. España
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Objetivo

Hemos realizado un trabajo comparativo en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), síndrome de hipoventilación-obesidad (SHO) e insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva (ICC) sometidos a ventilación no invasiva (VNI) en una unidad de monitorización de neumología por presentar acidosis hipoxémica-hipercápnica. El objetivo ha sido valorar la respuesta clínica y gasométrica en función del diagnóstico.

Pacientes y métods

Se trata de un estudio prospectivo (12 meses de duración) en 53 pacientes con acidosis hipoxémicahipercápnica, de los que 27 presentaban EPOC; 17, SHO, y 9, ICC. Realizamos un análisis de la gravedad gasométrica inicial, de la evolución gasométrica (tras tratamiento convencional y tras VNI a las 1-3 h y 12-24 h) y de la mortalidad. Todos ellos recibieron VNI tipo BiPAP en modo asistido-controlado.

Resultados

La presentación gasométrica inicial era similar en las 3 entidades (valores medios ± desviación estándar de pH, 7,28±0,1 en la EPOC; 7,29±0,09 en SHO, y 7,24±0,07 en ICC; no significativo). Tras tratamiento convencional inicial, en los pacientes con EPOC se observó un empeoramiento de la presión arterial de anhídrido carbónico (p=0,026), y en aquellos con ICC, una mejoría de la presión arterial de oxígeno (p=0,028). Tras el inicio de la VNI (1-3 h) se produjo una mejoría del pH (p=0,002) y de la presión arterial de oxígeno (p=0,041) en la EPOC, y del pH (p=0,03) y de la presión arterial de anhídrido carbónico (p=0,045) en el SHO; no hubo cambios significativos en la ICC. Tras 12-24 h con VNI, el pH fue de 7,36±0,04 en la EPOC, de 7,36±0,05 en el SHO y de 7,25±0,1 (no significativo) en la ICC. La mortalidad fue del 11,1% en la EPOC, del 0% en el SHO y del 33,3% en la ICC (no significativo; p = 0,076).

Conclusiones

Partiendo de una gravedad gasométrica similar, en el SHO y la EPOC se observó una mejor respuesta a la VNI que en la ICC. El inicio de la VNI suele precederse de mala respuesta al tratamiento convencional en la EPOC, lo que haría replantearse la demora para iniciarla.

Palabras clave:
Ventilación no invasiva (VNI)
Insuficiencia respiratoria aguda
Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)
Síndrome de hipoventilación-obesidad (SHO)
Insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva
Acidosis hipoxémica-hipercápnica
Unidad de monitorización respiratoria
Objective

We compared the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for hypercapnic acidosis with hypoxemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), or congestive heart failure (CHF) in a respiratory medicine monitoring unit. The objective was to evaluate each diagnostic group’s response to therapy in terms of clinical course and evolution of blood gases.

Patients and methods

Prospective, 12-month study of 53 patients with hypercapnic acidosis with hypoxemia. Twenty-seven patients had COPD, 17 OHS, and 9 CHF. Severity was assessed based on initial arterial blood gas analysis. Clinical course was studied by blood gas analysis after conventional treatment and after NIV (1-3 hours and 12-24 hours). Mortality was recorded. All patients received bilevel positive airway pressure support in assist-control mode.

Results

No significant differences were observed between mean (SD) initial pH findings in the 3 diagnostic groups: COPD, 7.28 (0.1); OHS, 7.29 (0.09); and CHF, 7.24 (0.07). (nonsignificant differences). After initial conventional treatment, PaCO2 worsened for COPD patients (P=.026) and PaO2 improved for CHF patients (P=.028). After 1 to 3 hours of NIV, pH (P=.002) and PaO2 (P=.041) improved for COPD patients, and pH (P=.03) and PaCO2 (P=.045) improved in OHS patients; no significant changes were observed in CHF patients. After 12 to 24 hours of NIV, the mean pH was 7.36 (0.04) for COPD patients, 7.36 (0.05) for OHS patients, and 7.25 (0.1) for CHF patients (not significant). The mortality rate was 11.1% for COPD, 0% for OHS, and 33.3% for CHS (not significant, P=.076).

Conclusions

In this group of patients with similar initial arterial blood gas values, response to NIV was seen to be better in OHS and COPD than in CHF. That the start of NIV is usually preceded by a poor response to conventional COPD treatment suggests that delaying NIV should be reconsidered.

Key words:
Noninvasive ventilation
Respiratory insufficiency
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Heart failure, congestive
Acidosis : respiratory
Respiratory Monitoring Unit
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