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Vol. 28. Issue 6.
Pages 260-263 (August - September 1992)
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Vol. 28. Issue 6.
Pages 260-263 (August - September 1992)
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Estimulación transcraneal magnética del diafragma bajo diversas situaciones ventilatorias
Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the diaphragma under different ventilatory situations
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J. Gea, J.M. Espadaler, X. Arán, A. Valls, J. Sauleda, J.M. Broquetas
Servei de Pneumologia y Servei de Neurofisiologia. Hospital del Mar. Institut Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM). Barcelona
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En los últimos años se ha descrito una técnica que permite inducir actividad diafragmática mediante estimulación del córtex cerebral con un campo magnético externo. Esta técnica facilita el estudio de centros y vías nerviosos relacionados con el control de la ventilación. En este trabajo se describe la respuesta del diafragma ante el estímulo cortical efectuado en tres situaciones ventilatorias diferentes: patrón espontáneo, ventilación voluntaria máxima tipo jadeo y apnea voluntaria a capacidad funcional residual. Se estudiaron 13 voluntarios sanos, con una edad de 27 ± 1 años. En situación basal, la amplitud del potencial de acción diafragmático (CMAP) fue de 0,8 ± 0,2 mV, con un tiempo de conducción (latencia) de 16,5 ± 0,3 mseg. Durante la hiperventilación voluntaria se produjo una facilitación importante de la respuesta (CMAP, 2,2 ± 0,4 mV, p < 0.01; latencia, 15,9 ± 0,2 mseg, p <0.01), mientras que en apnea, ésta se vio discretamente dificultada (CMAP, 0,5 ± 0,1 mV, p=0,001; latencia, 17, 2 ± 0,5 mseg, NS, p=0.05). Esto sugiere que aferencias corticales relacionadas con la voluntariedad del patrón ventilatorio o, alternativamente, aferencias periféricas referidas a este patrón, pueden modificar la respuesta diafragmática al estímulo cortical.

During the last years, a techinque that allows diaphragmatic cativity induced by stimulation of the cerebral cortex with an external magnetic field has been developed. This procedure enables the study of neural centers and pathways involved in the control of pulmonary ventilation. This study describes the diaphragmatic response to a cortical stimulus evoked under three different ventilatory situations: spontaneous pattern, maximal voluntary ventilation «gasping» type, and voluntary apnea to residual functional capacity. We studied 13 healthy volunteers aged 27 ± 1 years. At the basal State, amplitude of diaphragmatic action potential (DAP) was 0.8 ± 0.2 mV and the conduction time (latency) was 16.5 ± 0.3 ms. During voluntary hyperventilation we observed a notorius facilitation of the response (DAP: 2.2 ± 0.4 mV, p < 0.01; latency: 15.9 ± 0.2 ms, p < 0.01, whereas that during apnea the response was slightly difficulted (DAP: 0.5 ± 0.1 mV, p = 0.001; latency: 17.2 ± 0.4 ms, p = 0.05, NS). Data suggest that cortical afferent pathways involved in voluntary control of pulmonary pattern or, alternatively, peripheral afferents related to this pattern, can modify the diaphragmatic response to cortical stimulus.

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Copyright © 1992. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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