Letter to the Editor
Lophomonas or Ciliated Epithelial Cells?
¿Lophomonas o células epiteliales ciliadas?
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"tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "To the Editor:" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "726" "paginaFinal" => "727" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Rafael Martínez-Girón, Cristina Martínez-Torre" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Rafael" "apellidos" => "Martínez-Girón" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "rmartinezgiron@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Cristina" "apellidos" => "Martínez-Torre" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Fundación INCLÍNICA, Oviedo, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "¿<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lophomonas</span> o células epiteliales ciliadas?" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 735 "Ancho" => 1255 "Tamanyo" => 118649 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cytological sputum smear. Left: Ciliocytophthoria phenomenon, and an accompanying polymorphonuclear leukocyte (Papanicolaou, 1000×). Right: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lophomonas blattarum</span>. Bar scale 20 μm (Wheatley trichrome stain, 1000×).</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We read with interest the scientific letter from Pinos et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> on <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lophomonas blattarum</span> (LB) lung infection recently published in your journal.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study, the authors report 6 cases of lung infection allegedly caused by this multiflagellated protozoan that responded positively to treatment with metronidazole after unsuccessful empirical antibiotic therapy.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bronchopulmonary infection by LB is quite rare and, although numerous cases have been described in the literature, it is unexpectedly common for this protozoan to be confused with bronchial epithelial cells or cell remains that retain only part of their cytoplasm and associated cilia and are capable of movement, a phenomenon known as ciliocytophthoria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Morphological criteria using various staining techniques have improved the identification of this protozoan<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>. Molecular biology methods have also recently contributed to deciphering their genetic sequence<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">LB are commensals found in their trophozoite form in the intestine of cockroaches<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and as cysts in the feces of these insects, making them resistant to adverse environmental conditions. It can be assumed that inhaling fecal particles containing protozoan cysts is the route of entry of the microorganism into the airways<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>. The favorable humidity and temperature conditions encountered in the respiratory tree allow the LB cysts to release their trophozoite forms.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">LB infection often manifests as bronchopneumonia with productive cough, fever, and dyspnea that does not respond to standard antibiotic therapy and yields nonspecific radiological images.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment with metronidazole appears to resolve most clinical syndromes, suggesting that a respiratory infection with consistent clinical symptoms that does not respond to conventional antibiotic therapy may be caused by LB. However, it is important to remember that metronidazole is effective against gram-negative and anaerobic germs, so cultures and sensitivity testing are essential.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The image from a left lower lobectomy specimen shared by the authors shows what they believe to be the presence of LB.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our view, the image provided is more in line with a small row of ciliated epithelial cells. The criteria on which we base our premise are: a) the presence of a rounded nucleus in the basal position of the two cells on the left of the image; b) the existence of a clear terminal bar in the middle cell, and c) an arrangement of short, uniform, unidirectional cilia at the apical end.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We provide an image to help compare these morphological criteria (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>) in which the phenomenon of ciliocytophthoria can be seen on the left, with well preserved and oriented remains of cytoplasm and cilia anchored to the terminal bar. On the right of the cytoplasmic remains, we can see what could be the nucleus of the ciliated cell. The image on the right shows a pyriform LB with numerous flagellae, the longest in the center, in an irregular arrangement. No terminal bar is observed, but a small nucleus can be seen in the apical pole just below the flagellar insertion.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Because this protozoan is easily confused with ciliated epithelial cells on direct microscopy of fresh samples, we recommend using specific staining techniques (Wheatley trichrome, Giemsa or Papanicolaou) to assist in identification. The current lack of an appropriate culture method for this parasite could be supplemented by molecular biology techniques.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Funding</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study has not received specific grants from public sector agencies, the commercial sector, or non-profit organizations.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors state that they have no conflict of interests.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "⋆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Martínez-Girón R, Martínez-Torre C. ¿<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lophomonas</span> o células epiteliales cilidas? Arch Bronconeumol. 2021;57:726–727.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 735 "Ancho" => 1255 "Tamanyo" => 118649 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cytological sputum smear. Left: Ciliocytophthoria phenomenon, and an accompanying polymorphonuclear leukocyte (Papanicolaou, 1000×). Right: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lophomonas blattarum</span>. Bar scale 20 μm (Wheatley trichrome stain, 1000×).</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Infección pulmonar por Lophomonas blattarum" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "N. Pinos Vélez" 1 => "R. Ordoñez Vintimilla" 2 => "S. Agreda Orellana" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2020.12.005" "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol." "fecha" => "2020" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lophomonas blattarum</span> infection or just the movement of ciliated epithelial cells?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R. Li" 1 => "Z.C. Gao" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.4103/0366-6999.178025" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chin Med J (Engl)." 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"fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "65" "paginaInicial" => "831" "paginaFinal" => "836" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15792129/0000005700000011/v1_202111020702/S1579212921003062/v1_202111020702/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "45358" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000005700000011/v1_202111020702/S1579212921003062/v1_202111020702/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212921003062?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 11 | 6 | 17 |
| 2024 October | 62 | 51 | 113 |
| 2024 September | 75 | 37 | 112 |
| 2024 August | 121 | 42 | 163 |
| 2024 July | 69 | 35 | 104 |
| 2024 June | 85 | 35 | 120 |
| 2024 May | 80 | 40 | 120 |
| 2024 April | 43 | 28 | 71 |
| 2024 March | 56 | 26 | 82 |
| 2024 February | 85 | 33 | 118 |
| 2024 January | 53 | 39 | 92 |
| 2023 December | 53 | 26 | 79 |
| 2023 November | 66 | 22 | 88 |
| 2023 October | 74 | 47 | 121 |
| 2023 September | 62 | 33 | 95 |
| 2023 August | 55 | 36 | 91 |
| 2023 July | 68 | 24 | 92 |
| 2023 June | 63 | 25 | 88 |
| 2023 May | 69 | 21 | 90 |
| 2023 April | 60 | 35 | 95 |
| 2023 March | 62 | 22 | 84 |
| 2023 February | 49 | 20 | 69 |
| 2023 January | 48 | 53 | 101 |
| 2022 December | 73 | 33 | 106 |
| 2022 November | 64 | 27 | 91 |
| 2022 October | 78 | 44 | 122 |
| 2022 September | 58 | 49 | 107 |
| 2022 August | 45 | 47 | 92 |
| 2022 July | 47 | 44 | 91 |
| 2022 June | 40 | 33 | 73 |
| 2022 May | 38 | 36 | 74 |
| 2022 April | 47 | 27 | 74 |
| 2022 March | 54 | 38 | 92 |
| 2022 February | 25 | 22 | 47 |
| 2022 January | 1 | 0 | 1 |
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