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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of a 30-year-old patient&#44; diagnosed in 2011 with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome &#40;also called Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV&#41;&#44; who had presented several episodes of bilateral pneumothorax in the previous 2 years&#46; Although the most significant complications presented by this patient were associated with the formation and spontaneous rupture of aneurysms in multiple arteries &#40;carotid&#44; renal&#44; splenic&#44; vertebral&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44; since 2013 a wide variety of pulmonary nodules had also appeared on incidental radiological images&#44; including solid nodules &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>A&#41;&#44; subsolid nodules &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41;&#44; cavitary nodules &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>C&#41;&#44; and nodules containing calcifications &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>D&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder&#44; in which a COL3A1 gene mutation causes abnormal type III procollagen synthesis&#44; increasing the likelihood of spontaneous rupture of arteries and vital organs&#46; Very few references are available on the pulmonary radiological manifestations of this rare syndrome&#44; but they seem to be triggered by the spontaneous formation of lung lacerations &#40;caused by systemic tissue fragility&#41;&#44; which may progress to bruising&#44; cavitary nodules&#44; fibrous nodules&#44; and finally nodules with metaplastic ossification&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> In the absence of clinical evidence of infection &#40;as in our case&#41;&#44; it is reasonable to attribute the etiology of the pulmonary nodules to inherent tissue fragility causing the spontaneous formation of parenchymal lacerations&#44; and to progressive secondary changes in the lung tissue&#44; as described by some authors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p></span>"
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Clinical Image
The Many Radiological Presentations of Pulmonary Nodules in Type IV Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Las muchas caras radiológicas de los nódulos pulmonares en el síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos tipo iv
Luis Gorospe Sarasúaa,
Corresponding author
luisgorospe@yahoo.com

Corresponding author.
, Gemma María Muñoz-Molinab, Paola Arrietac
a Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
c Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of a 30-year-old patient&#44; diagnosed in 2011 with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome &#40;also called Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV&#41;&#44; who had presented several episodes of bilateral pneumothorax in the previous 2 years&#46; Although the most significant complications presented by this patient were associated with the formation and spontaneous rupture of aneurysms in multiple arteries &#40;carotid&#44; renal&#44; splenic&#44; vertebral&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44; since 2013 a wide variety of pulmonary nodules had also appeared on incidental radiological images&#44; including solid nodules &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>A&#41;&#44; subsolid nodules &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41;&#44; cavitary nodules &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>C&#41;&#44; and nodules containing calcifications &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>D&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder&#44; in which a COL3A1 gene mutation causes abnormal type III procollagen synthesis&#44; increasing the likelihood of spontaneous rupture of arteries and vital organs&#46; Very few references are available on the pulmonary radiological manifestations of this rare syndrome&#44; but they seem to be triggered by the spontaneous formation of lung lacerations &#40;caused by systemic tissue fragility&#41;&#44; which may progress to bruising&#44; cavitary nodules&#44; fibrous nodules&#44; and finally nodules with metaplastic ossification&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> In the absence of clinical evidence of infection &#40;as in our case&#41;&#44; it is reasonable to attribute the etiology of the pulmonary nodules to inherent tissue fragility causing the spontaneous formation of parenchymal lacerations&#44; and to progressive secondary changes in the lung tissue&#44; as described by some authors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Gorospe Saras&#250;a L&#44; Mu&#241;oz-Molina GM&#44; Arrieta P&#46; Las muchas caras radiol&#243;gicas de los n&#243;dulos pulmonares en el s&#237;ndrome de Ehlers-Danlos tipo <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">iv&#46;</span> Arch Bronconeumol&#46; 2018&#59;54&#58;626&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;A&#41; Chest CT axial image &#40;pulmonary parenchymal window&#41; from 2013&#44; showing a solid nodule in the right lower lobe &#40;arrow&#41;&#46; &#40;B&#41; Chest CT coronal image of the scan of the &#40;pulmonary parenchymal window&#41; from 2014&#44; showing the appearance of 2 nodules in the right lung&#58; one solid &#40;arrow&#41; and other subsolid with mainly ground glass attenuation and a small&#44; solid core &#40;asterisk&#41;&#46; &#40;C&#41; Chest CT axial image &#40;pulmonary parenchymal window&#41; from 2016 showing the appearance of 2 cavitary lung nodules in the right pulmonary apex &#40;arrows&#41;&#46; Note that the most lateral nodule has non-centered cavitation with half-moon morphology&#46; &#40;D&#41; Chest CT axial image &#40;mediastinal window&#41; from 2017 in which linear calcification &#40;arrow&#41; has appeared within a solid nodule in the middle lobe&#46;</p>"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Respiratory complications of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
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                            1 => "Y&#46; Morimura"
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                    0 => array:1 [
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Pleuropulmonary pathology of vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome&#58; spontaneous laceration&#44; haematoma and fibrous nodules"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
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                          "etal" => true
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                  "host" => array:1 [
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Article information
ISSN: 15792129
Original language: English
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