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"apellidos" => "Giugno" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212918300259?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000005400000003/v3_201803080856/S1579212918300259/v3_201803080856/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S1579212918300247" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbr.2017.09.012" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-03-01" "aid" => "1719" "copyright" => "SEPAR" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2018;54:128-33" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1322 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 173 "HTML" => 758 "PDF" => 391 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Esculetin Attenuates the Growth of Lung Cancer by Downregulating Wnt Targeted Genes and Suppressing NF-κB" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "128" "paginaFinal" => "133" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "La esculetina atenúa el crecimiento del cáncer de pulmón por downregulation de los genes diana de Wnt y supresión de NF-κB" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2015 "Ancho" => 2137 "Tamanyo" => 133745 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Esculetin treatment suppressed the growth of LLC-derived tumors. 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"apellidos" => "Antó" "referencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span>" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span>" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 3 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">h</span>" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Dr. Emilio Coni, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) Carlos Malbran, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Santa Fe, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro de Alergia, Inmunología y Enfermedades Respiratorias, Santa Fe, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Programa Nacional de Prevención y Control de Enfermedades Respiratorias Crónicas, Dirección de Promoción de la Salud y Control de Enfermedades No Transmisibles, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumonología, Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 7 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "h" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Prevalencia y características clínicas del asma en adultos jóvenes en zonas urbanas de Argentina" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 885 "Ancho" => 1667 "Tamanyo" => 81150 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Study flow chart. National survey of the prevalence of asthma in adults. Argentina, 2015.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The World Health Organization has warned that the prevalence of asthma is on the rise in many regions of the world, and that this disease is the most common chronic illness in children.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It is estimated that asthma affects more than 300 million people around the world, causing approximately 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 deaths per year.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Asthma is highly prevalent in many cities in Latin America, as reported by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> In Latin America, asthma mortality rates were high in the 1980s, but a gradual decline was subsequently observed in most of the countries studied, probably due to changes in therapeutic management and increased prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4–8</span></a> Asthma is one of the 10 leading causes of years lived with disability in several countries in Latin America.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ISAAC study, conducted in 1995, reported a 15.4% and 17.3% prevalence of wheezing among Argentine children aged 6–7 years living in Buenos Aires and Rosario, respectively.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> In 2001, prevalence among the group aged 13–14 years was 9.9% in Buenos Aires, 11.8% in Rosario, and 11.2% in Cordoba. Phase 3 of the study was performed in Cordoba, where an increase in prevalence of up to 13.6% was reported.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prevalence studies in adult asthma are hampered by the definition of the disease, so to determine its prevalence, methodologies proven reliable in other regions must be used.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the difficulties and the complexity of defining the problem and how to measure it, collecting data on the epidemiological situation of asthma will allow priorities and at-risk populations to be identified and will pave the way for public health.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the significant burden of asthma morbidity in Argentina and the need to clarify the situation in young adults, this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of asthma among individuals aged 20–44 years, and to evaluate the characteristics of care and disease determinants.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and Methods</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population aged 20–44 years, in 28 cities with at least 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 inhabitants throughout the Republic of Argentina, between October and December 2014.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A structured questionnaire with 22 closed questions was administered. This was a shortened version of the previously validated Spanish version of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12–15</span></a> The questionnaire was administered in a telephone call, on landlines, using the computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) system. Subjects who gave their verbal consent were included in the study.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The questionnaire included demographic information (age, sex, province, city, healthcare coverage, occupation, education), asthma symptoms (wheezing, chest tightness, dyspnea, cough), asthma care characteristics (medical attention during asthma attacks, asthma medication), smoking (history of exposure to tobacco smoke, smoking habit), anthropometric characteristics (weight and height), and physical activity (frequency).</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sample size was set at 1500 respondents assuming a prevalence of asthma of 4%, as determined by the ECRHS in a population of the same age range.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Individuals were selected by simple random sampling, stratified by geographic area.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An individual with asthma was defined as one who responded in the affirmative to any of the following questions: “Have you had an asthma attack in the last 12 months?”, or “Are you currently taking asthma medication?”.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14,16,17</span></a> The prevalence of wheezing was also based on a positive response to the following question: “Have you had wheezing or whistling in the chest in the last 12 months?”. The presence of asthma according to the ECRHS definition was also determined: having had an asthma attack, use of medications for asthma, or waking in the night with a feeling of chest tightness or oppression any time in the last 12 months.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14,17</span></a> To correct for the difference in the surveyed population and the general population of the country, asthma prevalence rates adjusted for age, sex, and level of education were calculated for each of the definitions used, along with their 95% confidence intervals. Adjustment was made by the direct method, using the population of Argentina from the census of 2010 as the reference population.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The characteristics of the cases that met the definition of