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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The World Health Organization has warned that the prevalence of asthma is on the rise in many regions of the world&#44; and that this disease is the most common chronic illness in children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It is estimated that asthma affects more than 300 million people around the world&#44; causing approximately 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 deaths per year&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Asthma is highly prevalent in many cities in Latin America&#44; as reported by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood &#40;ISAAC&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> In Latin America&#44; asthma mortality rates were high in the 1980s&#44; but a gradual decline was subsequently observed in most of the countries studied&#44; probably due to changes in therapeutic management and increased prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;8</span></a> Asthma is one of the 10 leading causes of years lived with disability in several countries in Latin America&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ISAAC study&#44; conducted in 1995&#44; reported a 15&#46;4&#37; and 17&#46;3&#37; prevalence of wheezing among Argentine children aged 6&#8211;7 years living in Buenos Aires and Rosario&#44; respectively&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> In 2001&#44; prevalence among the group aged 13&#8211;14 years was 9&#46;9&#37; in Buenos Aires&#44; 11&#46;8&#37; in Rosario&#44; and 11&#46;2&#37; in Cordoba&#46; Phase 3 of the study was performed in Cordoba&#44; where an increase in prevalence of up to 13&#46;6&#37; was reported&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prevalence studies in adult asthma are hampered by the definition of the disease&#44; so to determine its prevalence&#44; methodologies proven reliable in other regions must be used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the difficulties and the complexity of defining the problem and how to measure it&#44; collecting data on the epidemiological situation of asthma will allow priorities and at-risk populations to be identified and will pave the way for public health&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the significant burden of asthma morbidity in Argentina and the need to clarify the situation in young adults&#44; this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of asthma among individuals aged 20&#8211;44 years&#44; and to evaluate the characteristics of care and disease determinants&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and Methods</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population aged 20&#8211;44 years&#44; in 28 cities with at least 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 inhabitants throughout the Republic of Argentina&#44; between October and December 2014&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A structured questionnaire with 22 closed questions was administered&#46; This was a shortened version of the previously validated Spanish version of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey &#40;ECRHS&#41; questionnaire&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;15</span></a> The questionnaire was administered in a telephone call&#44; on landlines&#44; using the computer-assisted telephone interviewing &#40;CATI&#41; system&#46; Subjects who gave their verbal consent were included in the study&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The questionnaire included demographic information &#40;age&#44; sex&#44; province&#44; city&#44; healthcare coverage&#44; occupation&#44; education&#41;&#44; asthma symptoms &#40;wheezing&#44; chest tightness&#44; dyspnea&#44; cough&#41;&#44; asthma care characteristics &#40;medical attention during asthma attacks&#44; asthma medication&#41;&#44; smoking &#40;history of exposure to tobacco smoke&#44; smoking habit&#41;&#44; anthropometric characteristics &#40;weight and height&#41;&#44; and physical activity &#40;frequency&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sample size was set at 1500 respondents assuming a prevalence of asthma of 4&#37;&#44; as determined by the ECRHS in a population of the same age range&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Individuals were selected by simple random sampling&#44; stratified by geographic area&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An individual with asthma was defined as one who responded in the affirmative to any of the following questions&#58; &#8220;Have you had an asthma attack in the last 12 months&#63;&#8221;&#44; or &#8220;Are you currently taking asthma medication&#63;&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;16&#44;17</span></a> The prevalence of wheezing was also based on a positive response to the following question&#58; &#8220;Have you had wheezing or whistling in the chest in the last 12 months&#63;&#8221;&#46; The presence of asthma according to the ECRHS definition was also determined&#58; having had an asthma attack&#44; use of medications for asthma&#44; or waking in the night with a feeling of chest tightness or oppression any time in the last 12 months&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;17</span></a> To correct for the difference in the surveyed population and the general population of the country&#44; asthma prevalence rates adjusted for age&#44; sex&#44; and level of education were calculated for each of the definitions used&#44; along with their 95&#37; confidence intervals&#46; Adjustment was made by the direct method&#44; using the population of Argentina from the census of 2010 as the reference population&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The characteristics of the cases that met the definition of