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Scientific Letter
Chylothorax in a Patient Receiving Hemodialysis
Quilotórax en paciente en hemodiálisis
Elizabeth María De Freitas González
Corresponding author
, Jesús Antonio Villegas Alcázar, Silvia García García
Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of an 84-year-old woman&#44; with a history of arterial hypertension&#44; type 2 diabetes&#44; diabetic nephropathy treated with dialysis via a right jugular vein catheter &#40;thrombosed 3 months before admission&#41;&#44; and spinal stenosis &#40;L4&#8211;L5&#41;&#46; She was referred to the emergency department when she reported cough during a hemodialysis session&#44; and pulmonary auscultation revealed diminished breath sounds in the lower half of the right hemithorax&#46; She did not have fever or dyspnea&#46; In the days before admission&#44; she had received amoxicillin&#47;clavulanate for a possible urinary infection&#46; Physical examination showed arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis access in the left forearm&#44; rhythmic heart sounds with a grade III&#47;IV systolic murmur in the mitral valve&#44; and diminished breath sounds in the right lung base&#46; Complete blood count and biochemistry results were normal&#44; except for proBNP 1750 and triglycerides 99<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#47;dl&#46; Chest radiography revealed pleural effusion in the lower third of the right hemithorax&#44; thickening of the minor fissure&#44; and catheter in the right jugular vein&#46; A diagnostic thoracocentesis was performed&#44; obtaining milky fluid with pH 7&#46;30&#44; ADA 21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l&#44; LDH 119<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l&#44; glucose 214<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#44; total proteins 4&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl&#44; cholesterol 94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#44; and triglycerides 870<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#46; Cytology was negative for malignancy&#46; Chest CT findings included large right pleural effusion&#44; passive atelectasis of the right lung with mediastinal shift&#44; large collateral circulation in the right hemithorax through the azygos&#47;hemiazygos system&#44; and superior vena cava stenosis with a right jugular vein catheter &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The central jugular catheter was removed under fluoroscopic control&#44; and replaced by a femoral catheter&#46; Before chylothorax was diagnosed&#44; a pleural drain was placed&#44; which collected 1800<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#46; Chest radiograph on discharge showed complete resolution of the pleural effusion&#44; which did not relapse during follow-up&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients receiving hemodialysis may develop pleural effusion for diverse reasons&#46; Some may be exudates in the setting of infections&#44; cancers&#44; uremic pleuritis&#44; and hemothorax&#44; but most are transudates caused by volume overload or changes in venous drainage&#46; Chylothorax&#44; on the other hand&#44; is rare&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In the case of our patient&#44; thrombosis of the central jugular vein catheter led to the appearance of stenosis&#47;obstruction of the superior vena cava&#44; obstructing lymphatic drainage and promoting the formation of chylothorax&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In short&#44; chylothorax is a rarely documented cause of effusion in patients undergoing hemodialysis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> and requires an appropriate clinical suspicion and a specific therapeutic approach&#44; including withdrawal of the hemodialysis catheter&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 15792129
Original language: English
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