Original article
Etiology of Bronchiectasis in a Cohort of 2047 Patients. An Analysis of the Spanish Historical Bronchiectasis Registry
Etiología de las bronquiectasias en una cohorte de 2.047 pacientes. Análisis del registro histórico español
Casilda Olveiraa,
, Alicia Padillab, Miguel-Ángel Martínez-Garcíac, David de la Rosad, Rosa-María Giróne, Montserrat Vendrellf, Luis Máizg, Luis Borderíash, Eva Polverinoi, Eva Martínez-Moragónj, Olga Rajask, Francisco Casasl, Rosa Cordovillam, Javier de Gracian
Corresponding author
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
b Unidad de Neumología, Agencia Sanitaria Costa del Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
c Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, CIBER de enfermedades respiratorias (CIBERes), Valencia, Spain
d Unidad de Neumología, Hospital Plató, Barcelona, Spain
e Servicio de Neumología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
f Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Josep Trueta, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
g Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
h Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain
i Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain
j Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de Sagunto, Sagunto, Valencia, Spain
k Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
l Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
m Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
n Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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class="elsevierStyleSup">l</span>" "identificador" => "aff0060" ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Rosa" "apellidos" => "Cordovilla" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">m</span>" "identificador" => "aff0065" ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Javier" "apellidos" => "de Gracia" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">n</span>" "identificador" => "aff0070" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:14 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Neumología, Agencia Sanitaria Costa del Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, CIBER de enfermedades respiratorias (CIBERes), Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Neumología, Hospital Plató, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Josep Trueta, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 7 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain" "etiqueta" => "h" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] 8 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "i" "identificador" => "aff0045" ] 9 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de Sagunto, Sagunto, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "j" "identificador" => "aff0050" ] 10 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "k" "identificador" => "aff0055" ] 11 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain" "etiqueta" => "l" "identificador" => "aff0060" ] 12 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain" "etiqueta" => "m" "identificador" => "aff0065" ] 13 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "n" "identificador" => "aff0070" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Etiología de las bronquiectasias en una cohorte de 2.047 pacientes. Análisis del registro histórico español" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1971 "Ancho" => 1628 "Tamanyo" => 173686 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flow chart.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bronchiectasis (BE) are the end result of many diseases. The etiological spectrum and the percentage of idiopathic BEs vary depending on the origin of the patient and the diagnostic protocol.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–11</span></a> Determining the cause of the process using an extensive protocol of diagnostic tests is justified, since identifying the etiology will affect treatment and prognosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12–14</span></a> In a review<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> of 35 European studies, 8 Asian studies, 6 from Oceania, 5 from South America, 1 North American, and 1 African study, the most frequently identified causes were: post-infective: 29.9%; immunodeficiencies: 5%; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): 3.9% (although this was an exclusion criterion in many studies)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–4</span></a>; connective tissue diseases (CTD): 3.8%; allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA): 2.6%; ciliary dysfunction (CD): 2.5%; and asthma: 1.4%. In total, 44.8% were classified as idiopathic. Lonni et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> have published the largest cohort to date, with 1258 European patients. In Spain, no data focusing exclusively on the etiology of BE have been published, although some etiological data have been reported in other studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15–20</span></a> The Spanish Historical BE Registry of the Spanish Society of Respiratory Disease (RHEBQ-SEPAR) was created in 2002 to establish standardized criteria for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with BE, and to determine the characteristics of this disease in Spain. This was an electronic database, accessible from the SEPAR website (<a href="http://www.separ.es/bronquiectasias">www.separ.es/bronquiectasias</a>), in which all respiratory medicine experts were invited to participate. The aim of this study was to evaluate BE etiology in a large patient cohort (included in the RHEBQ-SEPAR registry), the largest published to date, comprising a reasonably homogeneous sample, representative of the patients seen by pulmonologists. Another aim was to analyze the relationship between the different etiologies and demographic, clinical and severity factors, and the differences between patients with idiopathic BE compared to those with post-infective BE, and those with other etiologies.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Design and Population</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study of patients included in the RHEBQ-SEPAR registry. Adult patients with BE seen in respiratory medicine clinics in 36 centers in 11 autonomous communities were included prospectively between 2002 and 2011 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). Diagnostic and follow-up recommendations for inclusion and data collection were established and subsequently published in the SEPAR BE guidelines (NSBQ).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Each patient was reviewed by the RHEBQ coordination team before being validated. If omissions or inconsistencies were detected, the investigator was asked to make the appropriate corrections for quality control purposes.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Participants received detailed information, and confidentiality, data anonymization, and use of alphanumerical codes were guaranteed. Data were pooled for analysis. Registry users agreed to comply with the Data Protection Act.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Bronchiectasis Diagnostic Criteria</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BE can be diagnosed from clinical and radiological criteria, bronchography or computed tomography (CT) according to the criteria of Naidich et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> BE was classified as localized, bilateral, or diffuse (≥ 4 lobes). Patients diagnosed according to clinical-radiological criteria only were excluded.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Etiological Criteria</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the etiological study, RHEBQ-SEPAR required the following variables and diagnostic tests<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>: sociodemographic characteristics; family history; smoking or exposure to toxins; history of radiation therapy or chemotherapy; infertility; lung infections (viral, pneumonia, mycobacterial, etc.), or infection in another site in childhood or before inclusion in the registry; concomitant diseases (diagnosed according to specific guidelines) such as rhinosinusitis, gastroesophageal reflux, atopy, asthma, ABPA, COPD, hematological diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, CTD, or transplantation. Clinical variables (age at onset of symptoms, cough, sputum, etc.) and physical examination data were also collected. Spirometry (forced expiratory flow [FEV1] in milliliters and as a percentage of predicted value),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> sinus radiography, sputum culture (including study of bacteria, fungi, and mycobacteria), and clinical laboratory test results (including immunoglobulins,1-antitripsin) (if low, genotyping was recommended), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and rheumatoid factor were recorded. If immunodeficiency was suspected, immunoglobulin subclasses and antibody production were also determined, and in case of clinical suspicion of asthma and/or ABPA, skin tests and a RAST test for aspergillus were also performed. A sweat test and genetic study were also performed in patients with a family history or suspicion of cystic fibrosis (CF), and if infertility was reported, a seminogram was performed. If CD was suspected (in the absence of dextrocardia), tests for evaluating mucociliary clearance (saccharin, labeled seroalbumin, or nitric oxide) were recommended, and if screening was positive, ciliary ultrastructure testing was performed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Patients with symptoms of reflux were evaluated using pH-metry. The criterion for yellow nail syndrome was yellow dystrophic nails (with no fungal infection), combined with BE and sinusitis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CT was used to identify <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">situs inversus</span>, tracheobronchial abnormalities, post-obstructive BE, and emphysema. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was recommended in localized BE with no explanatory history.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BE was classified as idiopathic if the following diagnostic tests were negative: immunological study, sweat test, total IgE, skin prick, RAST-aspergillus, mucociliary clearance, α1-antitripsin, ANA, and rheumatoid factor.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BE was considered post-infective in the presence of a clear history of previous respiratory infection, along with a clinical symptoms suggesting BE after the episode, consistent CT findings, and negative results on the tests mentioned above.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Microbiological Evaluation and Severity Classification</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chronic bronchial infection (CBI) was defined as 3 or more positive cultures for a microorganism in a 6-month period.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Data were collected from the 12 months before inclusion in the registry.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients were classified according to their FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> into 3 groups: FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>%>80%, between 50%–80% and <50%.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Statistical Study</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data were analyzed using the **R statistical package.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Patients with CF were excluded from the comparative analyses. A descriptive analysis was performed, with central tendency measures and dispersion for quantitative variables (mean and standard deviation) and frequency distribution for qualitative variables. The Student's <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test (or ANOVA for 3 or more categories) and the Chi-squared test for independent categorical variables were used to compare outcome variables with independent quantitative variables. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate lung function severity and idiopathic BE, using the Wald stepwise model, with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><0.1 as the entry criterion and 0.05 as the exit criterion, evaluating the odds ratio with the respective 95% CI. Statistically significant variables in the bivariate analysis were included as independent variables in these models. Non-CF BE (NCFBE) appearing as etiology in more than 1% of cases were included in some comparative analyses. The level of statistical significance was set at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><0.05.</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Results</span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Study Population</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 2113 patients were included in the RHEBQ-SEPAR registry, recruited from 36 hospitals in 11 Spanish autonomous communities. Sixty-two patients diagnosed from a standard radiograph and 4 in whom the result of tests for etiological classification was missing were excluded (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). Of these, 255 patients (12.5%) had CF,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> which, due to its particular characteristics, was excluded from the remaining analyses (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). Characteristics of NCFBE patients are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>. Mean age was 64.9 years, 54.9% were women, and 38.4% had a history of smoking.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Bronchiectasis Etiology</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BE etiology was identified in 75.8% of patients, the most common cause being post-infective (30%). Rates of the different causes are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a> summarizes clinical differences by etiology. Patients with COPD had the highest mean age (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>A), while patients with BE due to CD were the youngest. Women were predominant among patients with idiopathic and post-infective BE, CTD and asthma, while more men had primary immunodeficiencies (PID) and, in particular, COPD (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>B). Patients with BE due to PID and CD presented more rhinosinusitis. Those with BE due to CD, PID, and CTD had predominantly bilateral disease (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5A</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Microbiological Aspects</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In total, 34.8% of patients with NCFBE had CBI, the most common microorganisms being <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> (PA, 20.5%) and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Haemophilus influenzae</span> (HI, 11.8%) The different etiologies showed different microbiological patterns (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0020">Tables 4 and 5B</a>). Patients with CD had the highest rates of CBI caused by different microorganisms and asthmatics had the lowest rates. CBI caused by PA was more common in patients with CD and COPD, and less common in PID and asthma.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Bronchiectasis Etiology and Lung Function</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of all NCFBE patients, 35.7% had FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>>80%, 37.2% had FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 50%–80%, and 27.1% had FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><50%. COPD patients had a worse lung function and patients with immunodeficiencies had a better one (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0020">Tables 4 and 6</a>). In the logistic regression model (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0040">Table 7A</a>), risk factors associated with poorer lung function were female sex, older age, lower body mass index (BMI), and presence of CBI. Etiologies with greater risk of poorer lung function were post-infective BE and BE associated with COPD and asthma. Patients diagnosed with BE at a later age had better lung function.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0035"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0040"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Comparison of Patients with Idiopathic Bronchiectasis and Post-infective Bronchiectasis</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with post-infective BE were older and were diagnosed later. More idiopathic BE patients were women and had bilateral involvement; they had lower rates of CBI caused by PA, higher rates of rhinosinusitis, and better lung function (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>A and B).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Comparison of Patients with Idiopathic Bronchiectasis and Those With Non-cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis of Known Etiology</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Idiopathic bronchiectasis were more common in female non-smokers, and was associated with better lung function, higher BMI, and a lower rate of CBI caused by PA than bronchiectasis of known etiology (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>A and B). In the logistic regression analysis (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0045">Table 7B</a>), idiopathic BEs were associated with higher BMI, better lung function, and female sex.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0045"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Discussion</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study evaluated the etiology of BE, determined using a comprehensive standardized protocol of diagnostic tests, in the largest series of BE patients published to date. Although we cannot definitively establish the prevalence of the different etiologies, as this was a voluntary registry in which not all possible patients were included, the series is reasonably representative of Spanish BE patients, due to the participation of respiratory medicine units from different autonomous communities throughout the state.</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BE etiology could be identified in a large proportion of patients enrolled in the RHEBQ-SEPAR registry (75.8%), as a wide range of etiological tests was recommended,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> and the patients were followed by respiratory medicine experts who generally follow the SEPAR recommendations. Cohorts published to date have shown widely differing results (26%–90%) due to differences in study populations, criteria for defining etiologies, diagnostic studies performed, and setting in which the patient was seen.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–11</span></a> Idiopathic BE was more common among study patients seen in general clinics<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,10,11,26</span></a> compared to those seen in pulmonology or specific units,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2,4,7,9,15,27</span></a> as is the case for patients enrolled in the RHEBQ-SEPAR registry. In a review of studies published in all countries, Gao et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> found a rate of 44.8% of idiopathic BE, and 41.1% when only European studies were analyzed.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study, the most common known causes were post-infective (30%), followed by CF, PID, COPD, asthma, CD, and CTD, in line with other studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,4,8,9,12,15,26,27</span></a> Of the 35 European studies reviewed by Gao et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> (6364 patients), the mean rate of post-infective BE was 31.2%; PID: 5.3%; COPD: 5.2%; CTD: 4%; ABPA: 2.8%; CD: 2.7%; asthma: 7%; and inflammatory bowel disease: 1%. In Spain,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15–20</span></a> a study in 839 patients from 7 specific BE units that also used the NSBQ diagnostic protocol,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> aimed at constructing and validating the FACED score system<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> found that the cause in 37% was idiopathic, in 29.3% post-infective, in 8.3% immunodeficiencies, in 3.5% COPD, in 3.2% CD, and in 2.1% CTD. However, a study in the US<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> of 106 patients identified causal factors in more than 90% of cases, the most common being immune disorders and CTD, but this is probably because it was conducted in a highly specialized center that used in-depth immunological evaluations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> In contrast, the RHEBQ-SEPAR registry was created by respiratory medicine experts, and in our setting, diseases such as CTD, and in some cases immunodeficiencies, atopic asthma and ABPA, are seen by other specialists, so this may have led to a lower rate of some of these diseases in our series.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our series, infections, primarily tuberculosis, continue to be the most common cause of BE. However, the possibility remains that some cases of post-infective BE might be associated with an undetected immune or genetic alteration<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> that would make the patient more susceptible to infection, particularly those with concomitant rhinosinusitis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,4</span></a> In a systematic review<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> in adults, tuberculosis was also the predominant etiology for post-infective BE, and was more common in Asia than in Europe.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,6,10,11,29</span></a> In children, pneumonia was the main cause.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> In developing countries<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,6,29</span></a> or in indigenous communities,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,31</span></a> infections are also more prevalent, due to poorer health and social welfare conditions.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CF also accounts for a high percentage of BE, since the RHEBQ-SEPAR included all causes of BE and the numbers of adult patients with CF seen by pulmonologists in CF units is growing,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> most of whom participated in the registry.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rates of PID were also high (greater than those published in Europe<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,9</span></a> but lower than in the U.S.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>), since detailed studies for ruling out or supporting this diagnosis were recommended<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> before BE was classified as idiopathic.</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our series, BE was caused by COPD in 7.8% of patients. The earlier etiological studies did not include COPD,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,4</span></a> but since the publication of the studies by Patel et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> and Martinez-García et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34,35</span></a> which showed that more than 50% of patients with moderate-severe COPD had BE, reported rates are increasing (11%–15%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,9,27,36</span></a> As expected, patients with COPD were mainly men, with a history of smoking, older age, greater frequencies of CBI due to PA, and poorer lung function.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Clinical differences were found depending on etiology, with similar results to those published in other series.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9,15,27</span></a> Patients with CD had the highest rates of CBI caused by different microorganisms and asthmatics had the lowest rates.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,4,9</span></a> CD and PID patients had higher rates of rhinosinusitis, in line with other studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our series, only 27% of patients had FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><50%, and in the multivariate analysis, the etiologies most often associated with poorer lung function were post-infective BE, BE caused by asthma, and particularly, BE caused by COPD. Patients with PID and idiopathic BE were those who had better lung function. Lonni et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> evaluated the relationship between different levels of severity and different BE etiologies, and did not find any important differences, except for a higher rate of severe forms among BE caused by COPD and a lower rate among idiopathic BEs, coinciding with our findings. The association between COPD and BE produces a more severe clinical phenotype with a poorer prognosis,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9,34–36</span></a> although there is some debate as to whether the relationship is one of causality<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> or comorbidity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When idiopathic BEs are compared to post-infective BEs, the idiopathic forms were diagnosed earlier, had more symptoms of rhinosinusitis, were predominantly bilateral, had better lung function, and a lower rate of CBIs caused by PA, in line with previous studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,4</span></a> In post-infective BE, the delayed diagnosis may be associated with a variable time between the initial infection that caused BE and the subsequent superinfection that would lead to the development of new symptoms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,8,12</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When idiopathic BE is compared to NCFBE of any known cause, we found that it presents as a special phenotype, characterized by lower smoking rates, higher BMI, better lung function, fewer CBIs caused by PA, and a clear predominance of women, confirming the findings of other published series in populations with fewer patient numbers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9,27</span></a> Several studies have been published recently<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36,39</span></a> that have tried to define specific BE phenotypes associated with prognosis, looking at factors such as age, exacerbations, or colonization by microorganisms, as well as the role of the different etiologies. Martínez-García et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> observed that the phenotypes associated with a better prognosis included a greater number of patients with PID, CD or idiopathic BEs than those associated with poorer prognosis, most of whom were COPD patients. Aliberti et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> also found that patients with idiopathic BE were also more inclined to present less severe phenotypes with less CBI caused by PA, while COPD phenotypes were more severe and more frequently involved CBI caused by PA. This also supports our results.</p><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Limitations</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although our study has some very strong features, such as the inclusion of the largest series of BE patients followed by pulmonologists from different Spanish autonomous communities, and the use of a comprehensive standardized protocol of diagnostic tests to evaluate the causes of BE, it also has limitations. Firstly, the exact prevalence of the different causes cannot be established, since not all BE patients are included, although in our opinion the study population was sufficiently representative. Data analysis was cross-sectional, so longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the relationship between etiology, clinical symptoms and disease progress. Finally, the dyspnea grade was not collected, so neither the FACED<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> nor the BSI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> prognostic indexes can be calculated, which would have provided more complete information on severity.</p></span></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Conclusions</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study is the first analysis of the RHEBQ-SEPAR registry that explores the causes of BE in the largest series published to date. BE etiology was identified in a large proportion of patients (75.8%), the most common causes being post-infective (30%), followed by CF, PID, COPD, asthma, CD, and CTD. Different clinical phenotypes associated with etiology can be identified. Patients with idiopathic BE had less severe disease, higher BMI, better lung function, less frequent CBI caused by PA, and a clear predominance of women. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the relationship of BE etiology with clinical manifestations and progress of this disease.</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Authorship</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Casilda Olveira, Alicia Padilla and Miguel Ángel Martínez-García have contributed to the conception and design of the study, data acquisition, analysis and interpretation, and to the preparation of the article, and are guarantors of the manuscript. The other authors contributed to data acquisition and critical review of the article.</p></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Conflict of Interests</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</p></span><span id="sec1095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">Acknowledgements</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors thank Francisco Rivas (Research Department, Agencia Sanitaria Costa del Sol, Marbella, Malaga) for his contribution to the statistical analysis of the data.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:13 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres858018" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec852166" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres858019" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec852165" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Design and Population" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Bronchiectasis Diagnostic Criteria" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Etiological Criteria" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Microbiological Evaluation and Severity Classification" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Statistical Study" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Study Population" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Bronchiectasis Etiology" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Microbiological Aspects" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Bronchiectasis Etiology and Lung Function" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Comparison of Patients with Idiopathic Bronchiectasis and Post-infective Bronchiectasis" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Comparison of Patients with Idiopathic Bronchiectasis and Those With Non-cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis of Known Etiology" ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Discussion" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0080" "titulo" => "Limitations" ] ] ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0085" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0090" "titulo" => "Authorship" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0095" "titulo" => "Conflict of Interests" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec1095" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 12 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2016-09-23" "fechaAceptado" => "2016-12-04" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec852166" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Bronchiectasis" 1 => "Etiology" 2 => "Lung function" 3 => "Idiopathic" 4 => "Clinical phenotype" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec852165" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Bronquiectasias" 1 => "Etiología" 2 => "Función pulmonar" 3 => "Idiopáticas" 4 => "Fenotipo clínico" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Bronchiectasis is caused by many diseases. Establishing its etiology is important for clinical and prognostic reasons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the etiology of bronchiectasis in a large patient sample and its possible relationship with demographic, clinical or severity factors, and to analyze differences between idiopathic disease, post-infectious disease, and disease caused by other factors.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Multicenter, cross-sectional study of the SEPAR Spanish Historical Registry (RHEBQ-SEPAR). Adult patients with bronchiectasis followed by pulmonologists were included prospectively. Etiological studies were based on guidelines and standardized diagnostic tests included in the register, which were later included in the SEPAR guidelines on bronchiectasis.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 2047 patients from 36 Spanish hospitals were analyzed. Mean age was 64.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>years and 54.9% were women. Etiology was identified in 75.8% of cases (post-infection: 30%; cystic fibrosis: 12.5%; immunodeficiencies: 9.4%; COPD: 7.8%; asthma: 5.4%; ciliary dyskinesia: 2.9%, and systemic diseases: 1.4%). The different etiologies presented different demographic, clinical, and microbiological factors. Post-infectious bronchiectasis and bronchiectasis caused by COPD and asthma were associated with an increased risk of poorer lung function. Patients with post-infectious bronchiectasis were older and were diagnosed later. Idiopathic bronchiectasis was more common in female non-smokers and was associated with better lung function, a higher body mass index, and a lower rate of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> than bronchiectasis of known etiology.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The etiology of bronchiectasis were identified in a large proportion of patients included in the RHEBQ-SEPAR registry. Different phenotypes associated with different causes could be identified.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducción</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las bronquiectasias son la consecuencia final de múltiples patologías. Establecer la etiología tiene implicaciones clínicas y pronósticas. El objetivo fue evaluar la etiología de las bronquiectasias en una amplia muestra de pacientes, su posible relación con factores demográficos, clínicos o de gravedad, así como analizar las diferencias entre las idiopáticas, las postinfecciosas y las debidas a otras causas.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Métodos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio multicéntrico, transversal, del Registro Histórico Español de la SEPAR (RHEBQ-SEPAR). Se incluyeron prospectivamente pacientes adultos con bronquiectasias seguidos por neumólogos. Para el estudio etiológico se siguieron las recomendaciones y pruebas diagnósticas protocolizadas en el registro que posteriormente fueron recogidas en la normativa SEPAR de bronquiectasias.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron 2.047 pacientes de 36 centros españoles. La edad media fue de 64,9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>años y el 54,9% fueron mujeres. La etiología se identificó en el 75,8% de los casos (postinfecciosa: 30%; fibrosis quística: 12,5%; inmunodeficiencias: 9,4%; EPOC: 7,8%; asma: 5,4%; discinesia ciliar: 2,9%, y enfermedades sistémicas: 1,4%). Las distintas etiologías presentaban diferencias demográficas, clínicas y microbiológicas. Las bronquiectasias postinfecciosas y las secundarias a EPOC y asma presentaban más riesgo de tener peor función pulmonar. Los pacientes con bronquiectasias postinfecciosas eran mayores y se diagnosticaban más tarde. Las bronquiectasias idiopáticas predominaban en mujeres no fumadoras y se asociaban a mejor función pulmonar, mayor índice de masa corporal y menor frecuencia de infección por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> que las de causa conocida.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La etiología de las bronquiectasias se ha identificado en una gran proporción de los pacientes incluidos en el RHEBQ-SEPAR. Se pueden reconocer diferentes fenotipos relacionados con las distintas causas.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Olveira C, Padilla A, Martínez-García M-Á, de la Rosa D, Girón R-M, Vendrell M, et al. Etiología de las bronquiectasias en una cohorte de 2.047 pacientes. Análisis del registro histórico español. Arch Bronconeumol. 2017;53:366–374.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:13 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1971 "Ancho" => 1628 "Tamanyo" => 173686 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flow chart.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1920 "Ancho" => 1531 "Tamanyo" => 149234 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Age by etiology * <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><0.05; ** <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><0.001. CD: ciliary dyskinesia; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PID: primary immunodeficiencies. Results expressed as percentages. (B) Sex by etiology * <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><0.01; ** <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><0.001. CD: ciliary dyskinesia; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PID: primary immunodeficiencies. Results expressed as percentages.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1570 "Ancho" => 1658 "Tamanyo" => 126461 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Comparison of patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis and post-infective bronchiectasis * <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><0.001. BMI: body mass index. Results expressed as means. (B) Comparison of patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis and post-infective bronchiectasis * <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><0.05; ** <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><0.001. Bilat. BE: bilateral and diffuse bronchiectasis; CBI PA: chronic bronchial infection caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span>. Results expressed as percentages.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1577 "Ancho" => 1655 "Tamanyo" => 121442 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Comparison of patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis of known etiology. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=1792. * <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><0.05; ** <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><0.001. BMI: body mass index. Results expressed as means. (B) Comparison of patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis of known etiology. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=1792. * <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><0.05; ** <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><0.01; *** <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><0.001. Bilat. BE: bilateral and diffuse bronchiectasis; CBI PA: chronic bronchial infection caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span>. Results expressed as percentages.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Autonomous community \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Andalusia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">283 (13.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aragon \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">88 (4.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Asturias \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">51 (2.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Balearic Islands \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 (0.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Canary Islands \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46 (2.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cantabria \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (0.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Castile-Leon \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40 (2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Catalonia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">930 (45.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Valencia Community \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">178 (8.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Galicia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28 (1.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Madrid \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">380 (18.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Basque Country \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 (0.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1449459.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribution of Patients by Autonomous Communities.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ABPA: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; PTE: pulmonary thromboembolism; TB: tuberculosis.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Etiology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=2047 (100%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Post-infective</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">613 (30) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">380 (18.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Non-TB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">233 (11.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Idiopathic</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">496 (24.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cystic fibrosis</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">255 (12.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Primary immunodeficiencies</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">192 (9.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">COPD</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">160 (7.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Asthma</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">110 (5.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ciliary dyskinesia</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60 (2.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Connective tissue diseases</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29 (1.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspiration</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20 (0.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gastroesophageal reflux</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 (0.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Inhalation of gases</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 (0.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Inhalation of drugs</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (0.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ABPA</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 (0.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Congenital malformations</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 (0.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tracheobronchial disease \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 (0.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Swyer-James syndrome \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (0.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Secondary immunodeficiencies</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 (0.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>HIV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (0.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Post-transplantation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (0.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cancer \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (0.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (0.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bronchial obstruction</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 (0.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Inflammatory bowel disease</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (0.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PTE pulmonary infarction</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (0.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Young syndrome</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (0.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Yellow nail syndrome</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (0.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Purulent rhinosinusitis</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (0.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Panbronchiolitis</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (0.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hydatid cyst</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (0.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Other</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (0.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1449455.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Etiology of Bronchiectasis.</p>" ] ] 6 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BMI: body mass index; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>: number; %: percentage.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=1792 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Clinical data</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">64.9±18.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><50, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">377 (21) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50–75, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">787 (43.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>>75, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">628 (35) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age at diagnosis</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">50.4±20.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Women, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">983 (54.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BMI</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.9±4.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><20, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">217 (12.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20–25, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">667 (37.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25–30, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">645 (36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥30, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">263 (14.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Smokers/former smokers, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">686 (38.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sinusitis, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">428 (24.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Appearance of sputum</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mucous, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">577 (38.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mucopurulent, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">591 (39.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Purulent, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">334 (22.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bronchiectasis site</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Localized, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">500 (27.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bilateral, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">881 (49.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diffuse, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">408 (22.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Spirometric data</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">%</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">67.3±23.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">%>80%, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">599 (35.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">% 50%</span>–<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">80%, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">624 (37.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">%<50%, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">454 (27.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FVC%</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">71.7±19.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">/FVC%</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">70.2±15.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Microbiological data</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Chronic bronchial infection, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">623 (34.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Chronic bronchial infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">362 (20.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Chronic bronchial infection caused by other microorganisms, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">239 (13.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treatment with inhaled antibiotics, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">187 (11.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1449456.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical, Spirometric and Microbiological Characteristics of Patients with Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis.</p>" ] ] 7 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AB: antibiotic; BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HI: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Haemophilus influenzae</span>; PA: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span>; PPM: potentially pathogenic microorganism; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>: number %: percentage.</p><p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Maximum and minimum values are highlighted in bold.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Idiopathic (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=496) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Post-infective (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=613) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Primary immunodeficiencies (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=192) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">COPD (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=160) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Asthma (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=110) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ciliary dyskinesia (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=60) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Systemic (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=29) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> ANOVA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">63.9±17.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">69.1±16.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">53.8±18.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">76.5±10.3</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">66.8±16.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">42.9±18.8</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">70±13.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age at diagnosis (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49.3±19.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">53.6±19.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39.9±19.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">65.7±10.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">56.2±16.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">22.1±18.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58.5±15.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Women \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">309 (62.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">370 (60.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">88 (45.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">17 (10.6)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">75 (68.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31 (51.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">20 (69)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Smoking habit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">163 (32.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">208 (33.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">64 (33.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">154 (96.2)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31 (28.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">14 (23.3)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 (27.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">BMI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25.3±4.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24.9±4.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">23.1±4.4</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25.5±4.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">26.5±4.9</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">23.8±6.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25.2±4.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Rhinosinusitis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">129 (26.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 (17) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">76 (42) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">11 (7.1)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33 (31.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">43 (75.4)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (7.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">73.3±22.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">65.6±23.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">77.7±21.9</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">46.8±19</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">63.4±23.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">67.1±24.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">71.4±22.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>/FVC% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">72.8±14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">69.6±14.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">77.9</span>±<span class="elsevierStyleBold">14.4</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">56.5±15.1</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">66.4±13.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">73.2±14.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">70.8±14.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Chronic expectoration \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">246 (49.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">325 (53) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">70 (36.5)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">104 (65) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">53 (48.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">51 (85)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 (44.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hemoptysis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24 (4.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">38 (6.2)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (2.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (0.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (1.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleBold">0)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Chronic bronchial infection caused by any PPM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">157 (31.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">216 (35.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">69 (35.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">54 (33.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">31 (28.2)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">41 (68.3)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 (31) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Chronic bronchial infection caused by PA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">85 (17.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">140 (23) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">21 (11.8)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39 (24.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 (12.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">27 (45)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 (27.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Chronic bronchial infection caused by HI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">52 (10.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">62 (10.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">34 (19.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 (8.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 (12.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">14 (23.3)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1 (3.4)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Inhaled AB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50 (11.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">54 (9.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 (7.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21 (14.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">5 (4.8)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">21 (39.6)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (10.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1449452.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical Characteristics by Bronchiectasis Etiology.</p>" ] ] 8 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5A" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at5" "detalle" => "Table 5" "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ns: non-significant; TB: tuberculosis.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Localized (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=459) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Bilateral (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=829) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Diffuse (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=370) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Idiopathic, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">121 (24.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">260 (52.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">113 (22.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ns \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Post-infective, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">221 (36.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">260 (42.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">132 (21.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TB, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">150 (39.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">154 (40.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">76 (20) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Non-TB, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">71 (30.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">106 (45.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">56 (24) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Primary immunodeficiencies</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31 (16.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">112 (58.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49 (25.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">COPD, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40 (25) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">91 (56.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29 (18.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ns \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Asthma, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33 (30) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">62 (56.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 (13.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ns \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ciliary dyskinesia, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (16.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29 (48.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21 (35) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.027 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Systemic, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (10.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 (51.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 (37.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.040 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1449454.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Bronchiectasis Site by Etiology.</p>" ] ] 9 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0030" "etiqueta" => "Table 5B" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at6" "detalle" => "Table 5" "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PA yes (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=334) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PA no (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=1305) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Idiopathic, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">85 (25.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">408 (31.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Post-infective, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">140 (41.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">469 (35.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Primary immunodeficiencies, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21 (6.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">157 (12) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">COPD, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39 (11.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">121 (9.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ns \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Asthma, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 (4.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">96 (7.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ciliary dyskinesia, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">27 (8.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33 (2.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Systemic, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 (2.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21 (1.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ns \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1449458.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Chronic Bronchial Infection Caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas Aeruginosa</span> (PA) by Etiology.</p>" ] ] 10 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0035" "etiqueta" => "Table 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at7" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0130" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>: forced expiratory flow in 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s; ns: non-significant.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>>80% <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=557 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 50%–80% <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=577 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><50% <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=417 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Idiopathic, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">212 (46.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">157 (34.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">88 (19.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Post-infective, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">171 (29.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">238 (41.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">162 (28.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Primary immunodeficiencies, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">102 (54.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">59 (31.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25 (13.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">COPD, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 (5.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">55 (36.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">89 (58.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Asthma, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32 (32) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">37 (37) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31 (31) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ns \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ciliary dyskinesia, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21 (36.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20 (34.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17 (29.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ns \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Systemic, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 (40.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 (40.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (18.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ns \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1449457.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pulmonary Function by Etiology.</p>" ] ] 11 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0040" "etiqueta" => "Table 7A" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at8" "detalle" => "Table 7" "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0140" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BMI: body mass index; CD: ciliary dyskinesia; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PID: primary immunodeficiencies.</p><p id="spar0145" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dependent variable FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><80% vs FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>≥80%.</p><p id="spar0150" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nagelkerke's <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span>-squared: 0.233.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Lower 95% CI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Upper 95% CI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age at diagnosis</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.028 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.973 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.96 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.985 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BMI</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20–25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><18.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.73 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.08 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18.5–20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25–30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Etiology</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Idiopathic \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Post-infective \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.58 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PID \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>COPD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17.52 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asthma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.73 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.58 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Systemic \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Chronic bronchial infection</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1449453.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0135" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Logistic Regression. Characteristics Associated with Poorer lung Function.</p>" ] ] 12 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0045" "etiqueta" => "Table 7B" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at9" "detalle" => "Table 7" "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0160" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BMI: body mass index; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>: forced expiratory volume in 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s.</p><p id="spar0165" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dependent variable: idiopathic vs known cause.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95% CI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">BMI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.026 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.026 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.003–1.049 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.026 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.014 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.014 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.009–1.019 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sex (female) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.245 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.278 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.013–1.611 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.038 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1449451.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0155" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Logistic Regression. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| 2024 October | 41 | 32 | 73 |
| 2024 September | 60 | 17 | 77 |
| 2024 August | 68 | 59 | 127 |
| 2024 July | 64 | 24 | 88 |
| 2024 June | 88 | 39 | 127 |
| 2024 May | 168 | 27 | 195 |
| 2024 April | 69 | 37 | 106 |
| 2024 March | 65 | 22 | 87 |
| 2024 February | 59 | 24 | 83 |
| 2024 January | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2023 December | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 2023 September | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2023 July | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2023 April | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 2023 March | 24 | 8 | 32 |
| 2023 February | 88 | 23 | 111 |
| 2023 January | 74 | 45 | 119 |
| 2022 December | 101 | 61 | 162 |
| 2022 November | 91 | 34 | 125 |
| 2022 October | 77 | 53 | 130 |
| 2022 September | 63 | 39 | 102 |
| 2022 August | 65 | 49 | 114 |
| 2022 July | 54 | 61 | 115 |
| 2022 June | 53 | 50 | 103 |
| 2022 May | 78 | 40 | 118 |
| 2022 April | 81 | 63 | 144 |
| 2022 March | 125 | 58 | 183 |
| 2022 February | 95 | 44 | 139 |
| 2022 January | 140 | 52 | 192 |
| 2021 December | 94 | 46 | 140 |
| 2021 November | 126 | 36 | 162 |
| 2021 October | 108 | 59 | 167 |
| 2021 September | 97 | 48 | 145 |
| 2021 August | 112 | 63 | 175 |
| 2021 July | 79 | 41 | 120 |
| 2021 June | 67 | 47 | 114 |
| 2021 May | 58 | 42 | 100 |
| 2021 April | 235 | 124 | 359 |
| 2021 March | 125 | 33 | 158 |
| 2021 February | 75 | 35 | 110 |
| 2021 January | 99 | 34 | 133 |
| 2020 December | 74 | 31 | 105 |
| 2020 November | 63 | 18 | 81 |
| 2020 October | 95 | 27 | 122 |
| 2020 September | 74 | 18 | 92 |
| 2020 August | 72 | 28 | 100 |
| 2020 July | 61 | 31 | 92 |
| 2020 June | 64 | 11 | 75 |
| 2020 May | 81 | 21 | 102 |
| 2020 April | 112 | 33 | 145 |
| 2020 March | 109 | 24 | 133 |
| 2020 February | 101 | 21 | 122 |
| 2020 January | 96 | 34 | 130 |
| 2019 December | 129 | 28 | 157 |
| 2019 November | 209 | 40 | 249 |
| 2019 October | 169 | 38 | 207 |
| 2019 September | 124 | 29 | 153 |
| 2019 August | 93 | 29 | 122 |
| 2019 July | 69 | 35 | 104 |
| 2019 June | 79 | 24 | 103 |
| 2019 May | 92 | 19 | 111 |
| 2019 April | 151 | 37 | 188 |
| 2019 March | 85 | 43 | 128 |
| 2019 February | 750 | 29 | 779 |
| 2019 January | 113 | 26 | 139 |
| 2018 December | 78 | 32 | 110 |
| 2018 November | 172 | 35 | 207 |
| 2018 October | 228 | 35 | 263 |
| 2018 September | 98 | 12 | 110 |
| 2018 May | 31 | 1 | 32 |
| 2018 April | 154 | 7 | 161 |
| 2018 March | 28 | 11 | 39 |
| 2018 February | 36 | 15 | 51 |
| 2018 January | 11 | 11 | 22 |
| 2017 December | 43 | 27 | 70 |
| 2017 November | 49 | 23 | 72 |
| 2017 October | 50 | 24 | 74 |
| 2017 September | 7 | 2 | 9 |
| 2017 August | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2017 July | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Show all
