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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease during the course of which lymphoproliferative diseases&#44; primarily Hodgkin lymphoma &#40;HL&#41;&#44; may be triggered&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> In these cases&#44; differential diagnosis between both diseases may be problematic&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report the clinical case of 26-year-old woman&#44; resident medical officer&#44; with no significant history or toxic habits&#46; She consulted in June 2013 with a clinical picture consistent with respiratory infection&#46; Radiograph revealed right lower lobe pneumonia and she was treated with amoxicillin&#8211;clavulanic acid for 10 days&#46; The follow-up radiograph showed regression of the pneumonia and increased bilateral hilar structures suggestive of lymphadenopathies&#44; confirmed on computed tomography &#40;CT&#41;&#44; located in the mediastinum and bilateral hila&#44; the largest being a conglomerate in the thymus&#46; The patient was interviewed again&#44; and reported a 2-year history of asthenia with no other symptoms&#46; On examination&#44; her breathing was normal with basal SatO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 99&#37;&#44; normal cardiopulmonary auscultation&#44; no edemas or other findings&#46; Lung function tests were normal&#58; FVC 92&#37; &#40;3&#46;320<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#41;&#44; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 100&#37; &#40;3&#46;150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#41;&#44; FVC&#47;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 95&#37;&#44; DLCO 112&#37;&#44; TLC 96&#37;&#44; 6MWT 617<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m &#40;83&#37; predicted&#41;&#44; with no saturation or tachycardia&#46; Clinical laboratory tests showed only mildly elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme 68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IU&#47;l&#46; Endobronchial ultrasound was performed and regions 7 and 10R were aspirated&#46; The microbiological study was negative&#46; Bronchoalveolar lavage immunophenotyping showed no changes&#46; The pathology study reported sarcoid-like non-necrotizing granulomatous structures with no signs of malignancy&#46; Sarcoidosis stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">I</span> was diagnosed&#44; with no other systemic involvement&#44; and no indication for pharmacological treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Six months later&#44; the patient reported clinical worsening&#44; but no change was observed with respect to earlier clinical and functional findings&#46; CT revealed a reduction in size of the mediastinal lymphadenopathies&#44; and an anterior mediastinal mass&#44; which corresponded to the lymph node conglomerate located in the thymus&#44; with uptake of 11&#46;5 SUVmax on PET&#47;CT&#46; Left anterior mediastinotomy was performed&#44; which was diagnosed as nodular sclerosis HL&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient received 4 cycles of doxorubicin&#44; bleomycin&#44; vinblastine and dacarbazine &#40;ABVD&#41; over 5 months&#46; The post-chemotherapy follow-up CT showed a 65&#37; reduction in the size of the mass&#44; and radiation therapy of the affected field began for 1 month&#46; The patient improved clinically&#44; and the follow-up PET&#47;CT at 3 months revealed a reduction in size and metabolic activity of the mass &#40;4&#46;5 SUVmax&#41;&#44; with pathologically increased metabolic activity in the mediastinal &#40;5 SUVmax&#41; and bilateral hilar &#40;7 SUVmax&#41; lymphadenopathies&#44; in the hepatic hilum &#40;3&#46;3 SUVmax&#41; and the splenic parenchyma&#44; and no other evidence of malignant disease&#46; The case was discussed in the multidisciplinary session&#44; and with the patient&#39;s consent we decided to adopt a wait-and-see attitude and to repeat the PET&#47;CT after 3 months&#46; This procedure revealed disappearance of the mediastinal lymphadenopathies and absence of pathological metabolic activity and malignant disease&#46; Since then the patient has remained asymptomatic&#44; and no changes have been observed in the follow-up CTs&#44; with both diseases being in complete remission&#46; The patient may have had both diseases all along&#44; and the anterior mediastinal image initially thought to be a sarcoid conglomerate in a lymph gland may actually have been HL&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology&#44; unspecific clinical signs and symptoms&#44; and variable radiological pattern and progress&#46; Diagnosis is obtained from the visualization of non-necrotizing granulomas on histology&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hodgkin disease is derived from an alteration in the maturation and activation of B cells in the lymph nodes&#46; It is characterized by the presence of lymphadenopathies&#46; Approximately 25&#37; of patients have general symptoms consisting of the so-called B symptoms&#58; fever&#44; night sweats&#44; and weight loss&#46; Diagnosis is obtained by biopsy&#44; showing characteristic Reed&#8211;Sternberg cells on cytology&#46; The nodular sclerosis variant is the most common and has the best prognosis&#46; Treatment is based on chemotherapy and radiation therapy&#44; depending on staging&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The combination of sarcoidosis and lymphoma is unusual&#44; and may be derived from a disordered immune system&#46; Lymphoma-sarcoidosis syndrome was described by Brincker in 1986 after conducting 2 studies&#44; the first in the Danish Clinical Epidemiology Institute&#44; and another subsequent study&#46; Brincker observed that the frequency of lymphoma in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis was significantly higher than in the general population&#44; the most common being Hodgkin disease&#44; followed by non-Hodgkin lymphoma and other hematological cancers&#46; He also concluded that sarcoidosis normally precedes the lymphoproliferative process by a short period of around 24 months&#59; the inverse order is rarely seen&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The development of sarcoidosis after receiving treatment for a lymphoproliferative process may be due to a hyperresponse of the immune system against the tumor cells&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Patients with sarcoidosis may also experience an exacerbation after receiving anticancer treatment&#46; Sarcoid reactions have been reported that are histologically identical to sarcoidosis&#44; and these might be a marker of antitumor response mediated by macrophages activated by T cells&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> In conclusion&#44; sarcoidosis and lymphoproliferative processes are diseases in which differential diagnosis can be complicated&#44; but it is important to remember that both diseases may be found in the same patient&#44; either consecutively or simultaneously&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Carballosa de Miguel MP&#44; Naya Prieto A&#44; P&#233;rez Warnisher MT&#44; Melchor &#205;&#241;iguez MR&#46; Evoluci&#243;n y coexistencia de sarcoidosis con procesos linfoproliferativos&#46; Arch Bronconeumol&#46; 2017&#59;53&#58;276&#8211;277&#46;</p>"
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Scientific Letter
Development and Co-existence of Sarcoidosis With Lymphoproliferative Processes
Evolución y coexistencia de sarcoidosis con procesos linfoproliferativos
María del Pilar Carballosa de Miguel
Corresponding author
maria.carballosa@fjd.es

Corresponding author.
, Alba Naya Prieto, María Teresa Pérez Warnisher, María Rosario Melchor Íñiguez
Servicio de Neumología, IIS, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease during the course of which lymphoproliferative diseases&#44; primarily Hodgkin lymphoma &#40;HL&#41;&#44; may be triggered&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> In these cases&#44; differential diagnosis between both diseases may be problematic&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report the clinical case of 26-year-old woman&#44; resident medical officer&#44; with no significant history or toxic habits&#46; She consulted in June 2013 with a clinical picture consistent with respiratory infection&#46; Radiograph revealed right lower lobe pneumonia and she was treated with amoxicillin&#8211;clavulanic acid for 10 days&#46; The follow-up radiograph showed regression of the pneumonia and increased bilateral hilar structures suggestive of lymphadenopathies&#44; confirmed on computed tomography &#40;CT&#41;&#44; located in the mediastinum and bilateral hila&#44; the largest being a conglomerate in the thymus&#46; The patient was interviewed again&#44; and reported a 2-year history of asthenia with no other symptoms&#46; On examination&#44; her breathing was normal with basal SatO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 99&#37;&#44; normal cardiopulmonary auscultation&#44; no edemas or other findings&#46; Lung function tests were normal&#58; FVC 92&#37; &#40;3&#46;320<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#41;&#44; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 100&#37; &#40;3&#46;150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#41;&#44; FVC&#47;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 95&#37;&#44; DLCO 112&#37;&#44; TLC 96&#37;&#44; 6MWT 617<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m &#40;83&#37; predicted&#41;&#44; with no saturation or tachycardia&#46; Clinical laboratory tests showed only mildly elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme 68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IU&#47;l&#46; Endobronchial ultrasound was performed and regions 7 and 10R were aspirated&#46; The microbiological study was negative&#46; Bronchoalveolar lavage immunophenotyping showed no changes&#46; The pathology study reported sarcoid-like non-necrotizing granulomatous structures with no signs of malignancy&#46; Sarcoidosis stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">I</span> was diagnosed&#44; with no other systemic involvement&#44; and no indication for pharmacological treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Six months later&#44; the patient reported clinical worsening&#44; but no change was observed with respect to earlier clinical and functional findings&#46; CT revealed a reduction in size of the mediastinal lymphadenopathies&#44; and an anterior mediastinal mass&#44; which corresponded to the lymph node conglomerate located in the thymus&#44; with uptake of 11&#46;5 SUVmax on PET&#47;CT&#46; Left anterior mediastinotomy was performed&#44; which was diagnosed as nodular sclerosis HL&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient received 4 cycles of doxorubicin&#44; bleomycin&#44; vinblastine and dacarbazine &#40;ABVD&#41; over 5 months&#46; The post-chemotherapy follow-up CT showed a 65&#37; reduction in the size of the mass&#44; and radiation therapy of the affected field began for 1 month&#46; The patient improved clinically&#44; and the follow-up PET&#47;CT at 3 months revealed a reduction in size and metabolic activity of the mass &#40;4&#46;5 SUVmax&#41;&#44; with pathologically increased metabolic activity in the mediastinal &#40;5 SUVmax&#41; and bilateral hilar &#40;7 SUVmax&#41; lymphadenopathies&#44; in the hepatic hilum &#40;3&#46;3 SUVmax&#41; and the splenic parenchyma&#44; and no other evidence of malignant disease&#46; The case was discussed in the multidisciplinary session&#44; and with the patient&#39;s consent we decided to adopt a wait-and-see attitude and to repeat the PET&#47;CT after 3 months&#46; This procedure revealed disappearance of the mediastinal lymphadenopathies and absence of pathological metabolic activity and malignant disease&#46; Since then the patient has remained asymptomatic&#44; and no changes have been observed in the follow-up CTs&#44; with both diseases being in complete remission&#46; The patient may have had both diseases all along&#44; and the anterior mediastinal image initially thought to be a sarcoid conglomerate in a lymph gland may actually have been HL&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology&#44; unspecific clinical signs and symptoms&#44; and variable radiological pattern and progress&#46; Diagnosis is obtained from the visualization of non-necrotizing granulomas on histology&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hodgkin disease is derived from an alteration in the maturation and activation of B cells in the lymph nodes&#46; It is characterized by the presence of lymphadenopathies&#46; Approximately 25&#37; of patients have general symptoms consisting of the so-called B symptoms&#58; fever&#44; night sweats&#44; and weight loss&#46; Diagnosis is obtained by biopsy&#44; showing characteristic Reed&#8211;Sternberg cells on cytology&#46; The nodular sclerosis variant is the most common and has the best prognosis&#46; Treatment is based on chemotherapy and radiation therapy&#44; depending on staging&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The combination of sarcoidosis and lymphoma is unusual&#44; and may be derived from a disordered immune system&#46; Lymphoma-sarcoidosis syndrome was described by Brincker in 1986 after conducting 2 studies&#44; the first in the Danish Clinical Epidemiology Institute&#44; and another subsequent study&#46; Brincker observed that the frequency of lymphoma in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis was significantly higher than in the general population&#44; the most common being Hodgkin disease&#44; followed by non-Hodgkin lymphoma and other hematological cancers&#46; He also concluded that sarcoidosis normally precedes the lymphoproliferative process by a short period of around 24 months&#59; the inverse order is rarely seen&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The development of sarcoidosis after receiving treatment for a lymphoproliferative process may be due to a hyperresponse of the immune system against the tumor cells&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Patients with sarcoidosis may also experience an exacerbation after receiving anticancer treatment&#46; Sarcoid reactions have been reported that are histologically identical to sarcoidosis&#44; and these might be a marker of antitumor response mediated by macrophages activated by T cells&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> In conclusion&#44; sarcoidosis and lymphoproliferative processes are diseases in which differential diagnosis can be complicated&#44; but it is important to remember that both diseases may be found in the same patient&#44; either consecutively or simultaneously&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Carballosa de Miguel MP&#44; Naya Prieto A&#44; P&#233;rez Warnisher MT&#44; Melchor &#205;&#241;iguez MR&#46; Evoluci&#243;n y coexistencia de sarcoidosis con procesos linfoproliferativos&#46; Arch Bronconeumol&#46; 2017&#59;53&#58;276&#8211;277&#46;</p>"
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ISSN: 15792129
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