Letter to the Editor
The Importance of Rural Living and Sex in Exposure to Biomass Smoke
Importancia de la ruralidad y el género en la exposición al humo de combustión de biomasa
a Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
b CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
c Servicio de Neumología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Complexo Hospitalario de Vigo, Spain
d Departamento Médico de Novartis Farmacéutica, Barcelona, Spain
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Smoke" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "To the Editor," "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "paginaInicial" => "290" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Jose Luis Lopez-Campos, Alberto Fernandez Villar, Ricard Casamor" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Jose Luis" "apellidos" => "Lopez-Campos" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "lopezcampos@separ.es" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Alberto Fernandez" "apellidos" => "Villar" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Ricard" "apellidos" => "Casamor" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Complexo Hospitalario de Vigo, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento Médico de Novartis Farmacéutica, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Importancia de la ruralidad y el género en la exposición al humo de combustión de biomasa" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We would like to thank Golpe et al. for their comments on our study on the distribution of additional COPD risk factors other than smoking in Spain.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The authors have hit the mark with some of their remarks on the methodology used in the original article.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> It is important to place our findings in the context of a retrospective cohort study, with all the noise inherent to this type of design. In the original study, we analyzed the factors associated with exposure to any toxin in addition to tobacco, but we did not make a separate detailed analysis of exposure to smoke from biomass combustion. We agree with the suggestion that our figures probably underestimated the prevalence of exposure to smoke from biomass combustion, and that rural living and sex are 2 factors that can potentially increase exposure to smoke from biomass combustion.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding rural living, the On-Sint study classified participating centers according to their catchment area as rural (5000 inhabitants), semiurban (5000–19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>999 inhabitants) and urban (≥20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 inhabitants). Only 9.3% of the overall cohort stated that they lived in a rural area, and 15.4% in a semiurban area. When we analyzed the association between these groups and exposure to smoke from biomass combustion, we found a significantly higher percentage (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.001) of exposed cases in rural environments (7.9%), compared to semiurban (4.8%) and urban (1.8%) areas. Curiously, a similar distribution of occupational exposure was also observed.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As for distribution by sex, we found a higher proportion of exposure to smoke from biomass combustion among men (3.0%) compared to women (1.2%), and this was maintained in all regions of the country, except Catalonia, where the ratio was inversed. These data confirm the findings of the original study, i.e., the association of male sex with exposure to any other factor in addition to tobacco in general, and to biomass smoke exclusively.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the significance of occupational exposure and exposure to smoke from the combustion of biomass in COPD, there are 2 reasons why evaluation of these factors together will be challenging. Firstly, this circumstance is not given enough weight in routine history-taking.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Despite the synergic effect of both exposures (tobacco and biomass or tobacco and occupational exposure), in our opinion, the cases in which this double exposure is evaluated are so few as to be almost anecdotal. Secondly, there is no consensus on how to quantify accumulated exposure. Fortunately, initiatives aimed at improving methods of estimating this exposure are beginning to emerge.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> As our understanding of the different risk factors for the development of chronic bronchial diseases advances, it is of enormous importance for respiratory medicine specialists to start routinely evaluating occupational exposure and exposure to smoke from biomass combustion in all patients in order to provide the most precise and personalized medical care possible.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Lopez-Campos JL, Villar AF, Casamor R. Importancia de la ruralidad y el género en la exposición al humo de combustión de biomasa. Arch Bronconeumol. 2017;53:290.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Combustión de biomasa como factor de riesgo para enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en España" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R. Golpe" 1 => "I. Martín-Robles" 2 => "P. Sanjuán-López" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "53" "paginaInicial" => "289" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "comentario" => "[Article in English, Spanish]" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Occupational and biomass exposure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results of a cross-sectional analysis of the On-Sint study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "colaboracion" => "en nombre de los investigadores del estudio On-Sint" "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.L. López-Campos" 1 => "A. Fernández-Villar" 2 => "C. Calero-Acuna" 3 => "C. Represas-Represas" 4 => "C. López-Ramírez" 5 => "V.L. Fernández" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2016.04.013" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "53" "paginaInicial" => "7" "paginaFinal" => "12" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27432162" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Guideline adherence in outpatient clinics for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from a clinical audit" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.L. López-Campos" 1 => "M. Abad Arranz" 2 => "C. Calero-Acuna" 3 => "F. Romero-Valero" 4 => "R. Ayerbe-García" 5 => "A. 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Vijaysimha" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Indian J Med Res" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "137" "paginaInicial" => "87" "paginaFinal" => "94" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23481056" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15792129/0000005300000005/v1_201704280925/S1579212917300794/v1_201704280925/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "45358" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000005300000005/v1_201704280925/S1579212917300794/v1_201704280925/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212917300794?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ]
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