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Scientific Letter
Pseudochylotorax without Pleural Thickening Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Seudoquilotórax sin engrosamiento pleural asociado a artritis reumatoide
Lucía Zamora Molinaa,
Corresponding author
lucia_lzjc@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Guillermo Moreno Redondob, Alejandro Maestro Borbollaa
a Sección de Neumología, Hospital General de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
b Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
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        "titulo" => "Seudoquilot&#243;rax sin engrosamiento pleural asociado a artritis reumatoide"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CT image showing pleural effusion with no signs of pleural thickening&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pseudochylothorax is a very uncommon type of pleural effusion characterized by a high cholesterol content&#44; and usually occurs in chronic effusions with pleural thickening&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The most common causes are tuberculous effusion&#44; sequelae from therapeutic pneumothorax&#44; and rheumatoid pleurisy&#44; although it has been seen in other clinical situations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> While pleural effusion is a relatively common finding in rheumatoid arthritis&#44; only around 20 cases of pseudochylothorax have been reported in these patients&#44; so it is difficult to determine the real prevalence of this process&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cholesterol in the pleural space was thought to be due to erythrocyte and neutrophil degradation within a thickened pleura&#44; but it seems more likely to originate from serum lipoproteins than from cell lysis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Pleural thickening with fibrotic scar tissue preventing fluid absorption was considered a key element in the etiopathogenesis of pseudochylothorax&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> However&#44; in recent years&#44; some cases of pseudochylothorax have been reported in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have not shown pleural thickening&#44; bringing the generally accepted pathogenic mechanism into question&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> We have diagnosed a new case of pseudochylothorax in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who did not present pleural thickening&#46; A 53-year-old woman&#44; smoker &#40;25 pack-years&#41; with no previous respiratory symptoms&#44; was referred to the respiratory medicine specialist after a small pleural effusion with no associated symptoms was detected on the study performed before an intervention for abdominal hernia&#46; A chest radiograph obtained 7 months previously from the same patient did not show pleural effusion&#46; She had been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis 2 years previously and was receiving treatment with corticosteroids&#44; methotrexate and certolizumab&#46; On chest CT &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; pleural effusion was observed with no signs of pleural thickening&#46; A thoracocentesis was performed&#44; yielding a sterile&#44; opalescent fluid with no malignant cells&#44; pH 7&#46;03&#44; glucose &#60;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#44; proteins 7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl&#44; LDH 14&#44;691<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l&#44; ADA 137<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l&#44; rheumatoid factor &#60;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;ml&#44; triglycerides 17<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl and cholesterol 255<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl &#40;in serum 186<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our case showed characteristics of pleural effusion due to rheumatoid arthritis &#40;very low pH and glucose and high LDL levels&#41; and pseudochylothorax &#40;low triglycerides and high cholesterol concentration in pleural fluid&#41;&#44; and adds to the few previous observations of pseudochylothorax associated with rheumatoid arthritis in the absence of pleural thickening&#46; This finding suggests that pathogenic mechanisms must exist for the formation of this type of pleural effusion other than the chronic process of fluid within a fibrotic pleura&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> and confirms that the absence of pleural thickening does not rule out pseudochylothorax&#46; Pseudochylothorax&#44; if asymptomatic&#44; does not require any specific treatment&#46; However&#44; when it occurs in association with rheumatoid arthritis&#44; cases have been described in which intensive treatment of the underlying disease leads to control or resolution of the pseudochylothorax&#46;</p></span>"
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ISSN: 15792129
Original language: English
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