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            "entidad" => "Servicio de Radiodiagn&#243;stico&#44; Hospital Cl&#237;nic&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
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        "titulo" => "Efecto de la presi&#243;n positiva continua nasal sobre las fosas nasales de pacientes con s&#237;ndrome de apneas del sue&#241;o sin patolog&#237;a nasal previa&#46; Factores predictivos de cumplimiento"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patient disposition&#46;</p> <p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#42;Includes full medical history&#44; body mass index&#44; head circumference&#44; otoscopy and flexible fiberoptic nasal endoscopy&#46;</p> <p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#42;&#42;Includes standardized symptom and quality of life questionnaires&#44; audiometry&#44; impedanciometry&#44; rhinomanometry&#44; saccharin test&#44; nasal curettage&#44; and nasal cavity computed tomography&#46;</p> <p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AHI&#58; apnea&#8211;hypopnea index&#59; CPAP&#58; continuous positive airway pressure&#59; ENT&#58; eyes&#44; nose and throat&#59; h&#47;d&#58; hours&#47;day&#59; m&#58; months&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sleep apnea&#8211;hypopnea syndrome &#40;SAHS&#41; is characterized by complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway while the patient is asleep&#44; accompanied by oxyhemoglobin desaturation or micro-awakenings&#46; SAHS is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease&#44; arterial hypertension&#44; neurocognitive changes and death&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Continuous positive airway pressure &#40;CPAP&#41; is the treatment of choice in most patients with moderate-severe SAHS&#44; and helps control the disease&#44; improves quality of life and reduces morbidity and mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment must be applied continuously to be effective&#44; but adverse reactions mean that mid-term compliance is only achieved in 60&#37; of patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> CPAP tolerability and compliance studies have shown varying results&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Lack of compliance has been associated with mask discomfort&#44; feeling of claustrophobia&#44; noise disturbance&#44; nasal inflammation&#44; pharyngeal dryness&#44; eye symptoms&#44; non-specific ear discomfort&#44; sleepiness or excessive fatigue&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> The patient&#39;s psychological profile must also be taken into account&#44; and educational and behavioral support play an important role in improving tolerability and compliance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CPAP-related rhinitis is a significant problem&#44; but it is not always associated with poorer compliance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> We hypothesized that an in-depth study of changes occurring in the eyes&#44; nose and throat &#40;ENT&#41; of patients receiving CPAP treatment could lead to the detection and early treatment of potential patients with bad adherence&#44; and that personalized medicine in these cases will optimize management&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our objective was to analyze changes occurring in the nostrils of SAHS patients with no previous nasal pathology after the introduction of CPAP&#44; and the impact on treatment compliance&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Design</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was a prospective longitudinal study&#46; Forty-one CPAP candidates&#44; consecutively diagnosed with SAHS on polysomnography &#40;apnea&#8211;hypopnea index &#91;AHI&#93;&#62;10&#41;&#44; were evaluated before and 2 months after starting CPAP treatment according to clinical&#44; anatomical&#44; functional&#44; biological and polysomnographic variables&#46; Each of the ENT evaluations and additional tests was performed by the same assessor&#44; depending on the variable&#44; before and after CPAP treatment&#46; In all cases&#44; the assessor was blinded as to the results of the other variables&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Only patients over 18 years of age were included&#46; Excluded patients were those taking corticosteroids&#44; antihistamines &#40;nasal or systemic&#41;&#44; or rhinitis-inducing medications &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#59; patients previously treated with CPAP&#44; BIPAP or oxygen&#59; and patients with central apneas or previous nasal pathologies&#46; All patients signed informed consent before study start&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Clinical Variables</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Daytime sleepiness</span> was quantified according to the Epworth scale&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> with a score of &#62;11 being considered excessive&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Patient mood was determined using the hospital anxiety-depression scale &#40;HAD&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">general quality of life</span> was assessed using the SF-12 questionnaire&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ENT clinical symptoms were studied as follows&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nasal congestion</span> was evaluated according to the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale &#40;NOSE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#59; 0&#61;no obstruction&#44; 1&#61;mild obstruction&#44; 2&#61;moderate obstruction&#44; 3&#61;severe obstruction&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinitis symptoms</span> &#40;nasal secretion&#44; nasal pruritus&#44; and sneezing&#41; were classified according to the Rasp staging system<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> &#40;0&#61;asymptomatic&#44; 1&#61;mild symptoms&#44; 2&#61;moderate symptoms&#44; 3&#61;severe symptoms&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nasopharyngeal dryness</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hearing problems</span> &#40;hypoacusia and tinnitus&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">skin and eye problems</span> &#40;skin discomfort in the area of contact with the mask and eye irritation from mask air leaks&#41; were evaluated individually on a scale of 0&#8211;3&#44; in a similar manner to the Rasp scale&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Specific quality of life</span> associated with ENT symptoms was studied using the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Anatomical Variables</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Otoscopy</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rhinoscopy</span> were classified as normal or abnormal&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Excess weight or obesity was evaluated using the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">body mass index</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">waist circumference&#46;</span></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nasal cavity volumes</span> were calculated in cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> from multidetector computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; images &#40;Siemens Sensation 64 with 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm slices&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Functional Variables</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nasal respiratory flow</span> &#40;cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#47;s&#41; in each nostril was evaluated by active anterior rhinomanometry &#40;Rinospir Pro Rhinometer&#44; SIBEL S&#46;A&#46;&#44; Spain&#41; at a pressure of 150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pa with the patient in a sitting position&#46; Total flow &#40;right&#43;left&#41; was considered normal at &#62;630<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#47;s in women and &#62;700<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#47;s in men&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mucociliary clearance</span> was measured using the saccharin test&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> with a score of &#62;60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes considered abnormal&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tubaric function</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> was evaluated by tympanometry &#40;GSI TympStar impedance meter&#44; Grason-Stadler&#44; Eden Prairie&#44; USA&#41;&#46; Maximal distensibility between &#43;50 and &#8722;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O was considered normal&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Auditive function</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> was evaluated by pure-tone audiometry &#40;GSI TympStar audiometer&#44; Grason-Stadler&#44; Eden Prairie&#44; USA&#41; at frequencies of 250&#8211;8000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hz&#46; Normal hearing was response to a stimulus of &#60;25 decibels at conversational frequencies&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Biological Variables</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Total immunoglobulin E in blood &#40;normal&#8804;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;ml &#40;240<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;l&#41; and eosinophils in blood &#40;normal&#60;5&#37;&#41; were determined&#46; The presence of nasal inflammation was evaluated by cytology obtained from curettage of the inferior turbinate mucosa &#40;Rhinoprobe<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#41;&#46; The number of eosinophils and neutrophils was calculated on a basis of 500 epithelial cells &#40;neither eosinophils nor neutrophils are observed in healthy&#44; disease-free individuals&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Polysomnography Variables</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Respiratory variables were evaluated according to Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery &#40;SEPAR&#41; guidelines&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;21</span></a> and neurological variables according to the guidelines of Rechtschaffen and Kales&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AHI</span>&#44; percentage of time with oxygen saturation &#60;90&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CT 90</span>&#41;&#44; maximum oxygen desaturation during the night &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">nadir</span>&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CPAP pressure</span> were quantified&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Follow-up</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients were monitored in the hospital&#39;s Sleep Unit following standard practices&#44; which include an initial visit at 2&#8211;4 weeks for CPAP titration&#46; Patients with no specific difficulties were monitored 2&#8211;3 months later&#44; and those who required specific readjustments were monitored as needed&#44; until the problem was solved&#46; The CPAP device&#44; equipped to detect residual events&#44; CPAP pressure&#44; leaks and compliance over a period of several days&#44; was used to monitor for intolerance and non-compliance at the recommended pressure&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In line with our working protocol&#44; all study variables were re-evaluated 2 months after starting CPAP&#44; during which time none of the patients received treatment which might have altered the results&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Compliance</span> was evaluated subjectively using a standardized questionnaire and a visual analog scale &#40;0&#8211;10&#41;&#44; and automatically from the CPAP counter recordings &#40;time in hours and night of CPAP use&#41;&#46; Adequate compliance was considered as 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours&#47;day every day of the week<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#59; according to these results&#44; 2 study groups were established&#44; partients with good adherence &#40;&#8805;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;d&#41; and patients with bad adherence &#40;&#60;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;d&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Statistical Methodology</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Variables were collected in a database and analyzed using the SPSS 18 statistical package&#46; Quantitative variables are expressed as mean&#177;standard deviation or as percentages&#44; as applicable&#46; The Wilcoxon test or the Chi-squared test was used to analyze variables before and after CPAP&#46; The Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test was used to compare differences between partients with good adherence and patients with bad adherence&#46; A multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate predictive factors for lack of CPAP compliance&#46; A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value of &#60;&#46;05 was considered statistically significant&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Results</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 41 consecutive CPAP candidates with a diagnosis of SAHS were included&#46; Five were excluded after the initial evaluation when exclusion criteria were detected&#46; Of the remaining 36 &#40;31 men and 5 women with a mean age of 55&#46;72&#177;9&#46;50 years&#41;&#44; only 31 completed the 2-month study &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Twenty of these were partients with good adherence and 11 were patients with bad adherence&#46;Results of variables before and after CPAP are described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46; A significant improvement in daytime sleepiness &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;000&#41;&#44; anxiety &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;006&#41;&#44; and depression &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;023&#41; was observed&#46; Nasal dryness &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;000&#41; and elevated neutrophils in nasal cytology &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;000&#41; were also detected&#46; No significant differences were found among the other variables&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Partients with good adherence &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41; showed a more significant improvement on the Epworth test &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;000&#41;&#44; and anxiety &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;052&#41; and depression &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;054&#41; showed a clear trend toward improvement&#46; Surprisingly&#44; partients with good adherence had a higher rate of nasal dryness &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;001&#41;&#44; higher neutrophil levels in nasal cytology &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;002&#41;&#44; tended to have worsening mucociliary clearance &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;050&#41;&#44; and blood eosinophils were higher &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;058&#41; but within normal limits &#40;&#60;5&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with bad adherence only showed worsening body pain &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;046&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the univariate study &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#44; daytime sleepiness was the only predictive factor for non-compliance &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;014&#41;&#44; and a trend toward poorer compliance was also observed in patients with poorer general health status &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;059&#41; and better CT 90 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;064&#41;&#46; In the multivariate analysis&#44; a higher Epworth score was the only independent factor for non-compliance &#40;odds ratio&#58; 1&#46;243&#59; confidence interval&#58; 1&#46;000&#8211;1&#46;545&#93;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;050&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Discussion</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of this study are surprising and diverge from the proposed hypothesis by showing that while CPAP improves sleepiness and anxiety-depression&#44; it causes&#44; particularly in partients with good adherence&#44; rhinitis&#44; airway dryness&#44; and slower mucociliary clearance&#46; No significant changes were found in other study variables&#46; The only prognostic factor for intolerance was initial sleepiness&#59; none of the ENT variables were prognostic of this outcome&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some authors consider that the main cause of CPAP intolerance is treatment-related rhinitis&#44; but the published results vary widely&#46; Others have evaluated if patients with CPAP-associated rhinitis improve if the rhinitis is treated&#44; but results were unsatisfactory&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> We were unable to find any evidence that CPAP administered in patients without previous disease causes clinically significant rhinitis&#44; or if this was a reason for therapeutic non-compliance&#46; Nor did we observe any improvement in nasal symptoms in compliant patients&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Previous studies have evaluated the appearance or increase of neutrophils and&#47;or other inflammatory cells in the nasal cytology of patients and CPAP animal models&#46; Again&#44; results varied&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26</span></a> Other authors described specific mediators of nasal inflammation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> It seems likely that the flow of dry air would stimulate nerve endings to release inflammatory cell mediators<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> that could stimulate the secretion of neuropeptides&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> recruiting the neutrophils&#44; thus explaining increased nasal mucosa in CPAP patients&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a mouse model study performed in our hospital&#44; we showed neutrophilic inflammation after acute application of CPAP&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> Lacedonia et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> however&#44; did not observe any increase in neutrophils in the nasal mucosa of patients receiving CPAP&#44; although nearly all their subjects had elevated neutrophil levels before starting the intervention&#44; suggesting previous nasal pathology&#46; Moreover&#44; in a study recently published by Gelardi et al&#46;&#44; the continuous use of CPAP was found to improve rhinitis in SAHS patients&#44; reducing the number of inflammatory cells in nasal cytology&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study&#44; we have confirmed the presence of nasal inflammation&#44; and found it to be more marked in partients with good adherence&#46; Although our results support the presence of nasal cell inflammation&#44; it seems to be generally subclinical if other variables are taken into account&#46; It would be interesting to evaluate if an adaptive phenomenon occurs over time&#44; with improved inflammatory infiltrate&#44; or if&#44; in contrast&#44; inflammatory infiltrate worsens&#44; leading to exacerbation of symptoms&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assuming that CPAP causes nasal inflammation&#44; this might be reflected in hypertrophy of the mucosa of the nasal cavity causing a reduction of the nasal air space&#46; In our study&#44; analysis of the nasal cavity air volume by CT did not show any significant differences after CPAP&#46; This finding&#44; previously described by Weerdt et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> would suggest that inflammation is mild-moderate&#46; Nasal patency&#44; measured clinically and by rhinomanometry&#44; was not significantly altered in our study&#44; coinciding with Skoczinski et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> who reported that CPAP does not cause nasal obstruction&#44; nor is nasal obstruction a predictive factor for lack of compliance&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some series have found that nasal dryness affects more than 60&#37; of CPAP patients&#46; We also found this to be true&#44; but it did not interfere with treatment compliance&#46; Humidifiers are usually used to treat dryness&#44; but while they improve symptoms&#44; they do not always improve tolerance or compliance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;35</span></a></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our series&#44; we observed a trend toward worsening mucociliary clearance in partients with good adherence only&#46; This would suggest that changes in mucociliary clearance are due to a time-dependent phenomenon&#46; Similar studies in the literature show contradictory results&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36&#44;37</span></a> but these did not evaluate the degree of compliance nor mean CPAP pressure&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CPAP obviously provokes an unusual situation of positive pressure within the rhinopharyngeal and oropharygeal cavities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> This might increase pressure in the middle ear&#44; causing various kinds of symptoms in the ear&#59; some studies even propose CPAP as a possible treatment for ears with mean negative pressures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39&#44;40</span></a> However&#44; our results are in line with those of Aksoy et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> who found no significant differences in middle ear pressure&#46; Our auditory assessments&#44; also in line with previous studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> revealed no significant auditory changes after treatment&#46;</p><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Predictive Factors for Intolerance to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most important finding of our study is the absence of ENT variables as predictive factors for compliance&#46; We only found a higher probability of treatment intolerance in patients with worse general status and greater daytime sleepiness&#46; Thus&#44; the Epworth test result was revealed as the only predictive factor for poor CPAP compliance&#46; This finding is of great interest&#44; since it has also been suggested that patients with greater sleepiness are those who comply best&#46; However&#44; it must be remembered that our patients had no previous nasosinusal pathology&#44; so these results may not be generalizable to other unselected populations&#46; Moreover&#44; while daytime sleepiness was an independent factor for poor compliance&#44; statistical significance was not very high&#44; so our results should be interpreted with caution&#46; Other factors&#44; whether psychological&#44; previous or caused by the SAHS itself&#44; must exist to explain the poorer tolerance in our group&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Predictive factors for CPAP tolerance in the literature vary&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> as there is no accurate method for establishing the degree of treatment compliance&#46; Results are contradictory for AHI and CPAP pressure levels&#46; It has been suggested that high CPAP pressure may be a significant factor&#44; for which reason Sanders and Kem<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> and Gulati et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a> propose that bi-pressure levels may be of benefit&#46; In our study&#44; we found no relationship between pressure and compliance&#44; although we must point out that the mean pressure of our series was not very high &#40;7&#8211;12 cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O in partients with good adherence and 7&#8211;10 cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O in patients with bad adherence&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to rhinitis symptoms before CPAP&#44; Farhad et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> associated inflammatory markers or neutrophils in nasal mucosa before treatment with CPAP compliance&#44; reporting that patients with more inflammation or clinical symptoms of rhinitis tended to be less compliant&#46; In our study&#44; patients did not have significantly elevated neutrophils in nasal mucosa nor symptoms of rhinitis before starting treatment&#46; Indeed&#44; patients with previous nasal pathology were excluded&#44; so we were only able to determine if patients who presented elevated neutrophils in nasal mucosa after CPAP&#44; even without symptoms&#44; were poorer partients with good adherence &#8211; which was not the case&#46; Nor&#44; like Kreivi et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> did we find any relationship between compliance and nasal dryness&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There must be a series of phenomena associated with real or patient-perceived good or bad adaptation that would explain the findings&#44; and other phenomena that complicate CPAP tolerance&#44; ranging from psychological and social considerations to personal beliefs and expectations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48&#8211;50</span></a></p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Limitations of our study include&#44; primarily&#44; the small size of our series&#46; Nevertheless&#44; we have used a variety of methods to evaluate different variables for different purposes and studied the parameters at different levels &#40;clinical&#44; anatomical&#44; functional&#44; biological&#44; and polysomnographic&#41;&#44; and overall results were consistent&#46; Another limitation of the study is the timepoint &#40;after 2 months of CPAP&#41; at which we made the post-treatment evaluation&#46; Variables such as rhinitis symptoms may subsequently become more severe over time&#44; reflecting increasing neutrophil levels in the nasal mucosa&#44; or else less severe&#44; if neutrophil levels fall due to later adaptation phenomena&#46; The case is the same for daytime sleepiness as a prognostic factor of poor compliance with CPAP treatment&#59; studies with larger numbers of patients or a longer period of CPAP use are needed to consolidate our results&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Conclusions</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; CPAP treatment can be generally said to improve a series of clinical parameters&#44; but it causes rhinitis and nasal dryness&#46; The various ENT variables analyzed do not differ greatly between partients with good adherence and patients with bad adherence&#44; and none of them predicts the degree of compliance&#46; Initial sleepiness is the only predictive factor for poor compliance&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The importance of this study is that it is the first to question the generalized impression that adverse ENT effects caused by CPAP impact compliance&#46; There is a need for more larger&#44; randomized&#44; translational studies that also include patients with prior nasal pathology&#44; to clarify the relationship between CPAP and nasal pathology in SAHS patients receiving CPAP&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Funding</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grant <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">FISS</span><span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs1">PI07&#47;0318</span>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Authorship</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Francina Aguilar and Ariel Cisternass&#58; study design&#46; Patient visits&#44; ENT examinations&#44; nasal cytology and saccharin test&#46; Coordination of additional tests in all patients&#44; pre- and post-CPAP&#46; Data collection and database construction&#46; Statistical analysis and drafting the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antonio Manuel &#193;vila and Juan Berenguer&#58; study and calculation of nasal cavity volumes pre- and post-CPAP in all patients and critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Isabel Vilaseca&#58; study design&#46; Clinical follow-up&#44; statistical analysis and drafting the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alejandro Iranzo&#58; patient diagnosis and follow-up and critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Josep Maria Montserrat&#58; patient diagnosis and follow-up and critical review of the manuscript</p><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Marta Torres-L&#243;pez&#58; cytology study and critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Conflict of Interests</span><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors state that they have no conflict of interests&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-02-04"
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            0 => "Sleep apnea syndrome"
            1 => "Rhinitis"
            2 => "Nasal inflammation"
            3 => "Mucociliary transport"
            4 => "Continuous positive airway pressure compliance"
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          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "S&#237;ndrome de apnea del sue&#241;o"
            1 => "Rinitis"
            2 => "Inflamaci&#243;n nasal"
            3 => "Transporte mucociliar"
            4 => "Cumplimiento de la presi&#243;n positiva continua en la v&#237;a a&#233;rea"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure &#40;CPAP&#41; on the nostrils of patients with sleep apnea&#8211;hypopnea syndrome and its impact on quality of life&#44; and to identify predictive factors for compliance&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Longitudinal prospective study&#46; Thirty-six consecutive patients evaluated before and 2 months after CPAP using the following variables&#58; clinical &#40;eye&#44; nose and throat &#91;ENT&#93; symptoms&#44; Epworth test&#44; anxiety&#47;depression scales&#44; general and rhinoconjunctivitis-specific quality of life&#41;&#59; anatomical &#40;ENT examination&#44; computed tomography&#41;&#59; functional &#40;auditive and Eustachian tube function&#44; nasal flow&#44; mucociliary transport&#41;&#59; biological &#40;nasal cytology&#41;&#59; and polisomnographics&#46; The sample was divided into partients with good adherence &#40;&#8805;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;d&#41; and patients with bad adherence &#40;&#60;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;d&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A significant improvement was observed in daytime sleepiness &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;000&#41;&#44; anxiety &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;006&#41;&#44; and depression &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;023&#41;&#46; Nasal dryness &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;000&#41;&#44; increased neutrophils in nasal cytology &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;000&#41;&#44; and deteriorating ciliary function were evidenced&#44; particularly in partients with good adherence&#46; No significant differences were observed in the other variables&#46; Baseline sleepiness was the only factor predictive of compliance&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CPAP in patients without previous nasal pathology leads to an improvement in a series of clinical parameters and causes rhinitis and airway dryness&#46; Some ENT variables worsened in partients with good adherence&#46; Sleepiness was the only prognostic factor for poor tolerance&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluar el efecto de la presi&#243;n positiva continua en la v&#237;a a&#233;rea &#40;CPAP&#41; sobre las fosas nasales de pacientes con s&#237;ndrome de apnea hipopnea del sue&#241;o y su impacto en la calidad de vida&#44; e identificar factores predictivos de cumplimiento&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio prospectivo longitudinal&#46; Treinta y seis pacientes consecutivos evaluados antes y 2 meses tras CPAP usando las siguientes variables cl&#237;nicas &#40;s&#237;ntomas otorrinolaringol&#243;gicos&#44; test de Epworth&#44; escala de ansiedad&#47;depresi&#243;n&#44; calidad de vida general y espec&#237;fica para rinoconjuntivitis&#41;&#59; anat&#243;micas &#40;exploraci&#243;n otorrinolaringol&#243;gica&#44; tomograf&#237;a computarizada&#41;&#59; funcionales &#40;funci&#243;n auditiva y tub&#225;rica&#44; flujo nasal&#44; transporte mucociliar&#41;&#59; biol&#243;gicas &#40;citolog&#237;a nasal&#41;&#44; y polisomnogr&#225;ficas&#46; Se dividi&#243; la muestra entre cumplidores &#40;&#8805;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;d&#41; y no cumplidores &#40;&#60;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;d&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se objetiv&#243; una mejor&#237;a significativa en la somnolencia diurna &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;000&#41;&#44; la ansiedad &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;006&#41; y la depresi&#243;n &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;023&#41;&#46; Se evidenci&#243; sequedad nasal &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;000&#41;&#44; aumento de neutr&#243;filos en la citolog&#237;a nasal &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;000&#41; y deterioro de la funci&#243;n ciliar&#44; especialmente en cumplidores&#46; No se evidenciaron diferencias significativas en el resto de las variables&#46; La somnolencia inicial fue el &#250;nico factor pron&#243;stico de cumplimiento&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El tratamiento con CPAP en pacientes sin patolog&#237;a nasal previa mejora una serie de par&#225;metros cl&#237;nicos y provoca rinitis y sequedad en la v&#237;a a&#233;rea&#46; Algunas de las variables otorrinolaringol&#243;gicas empeoran en los cumplidores&#46; La somnolencia fue el &#250;nico factor pron&#243;stico de mala tolerancia&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Aguilar F&#44; Cisternas A&#44; Montserrat JM&#44; &#192;vila M&#44; Torres-L&#243;pez M&#44; Iranzo A&#44; et al&#46; Efecto de la presi&#243;n positiva continua nasal sobre las fosas nasales de pacientes con s&#237;ndrome de apneas del sue&#241;o sin patolog&#237;a nasal previa&#46; Factores predictivos de cumplimiento&#46; Arch Bronconeumol&#46; 2016&#59;52&#58;519&#8211;526&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patient disposition&#46;</p> <p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#42;Includes full medical history&#44; body mass index&#44; head circumference&#44; otoscopy and flexible fiberoptic nasal endoscopy&#46;</p> <p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#42;&#42;Includes standardized symptom and quality of life questionnaires&#44; audiometry&#44; impedanciometry&#44; rhinomanometry&#44; saccharin test&#44; nasal curettage&#44; and nasal cavity computed tomography&#46;</p> <p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AHI&#58; apnea&#8211;hypopnea index&#59; CPAP&#58; continuous positive airway pressure&#59; ENT&#58; eyes&#44; nose and throat&#59; h&#47;d&#58; hours&#47;day&#59; m&#58; months&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Antihypertensives &#40;reserpine&#44; guanethidine&#44; phentolamine&#44; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors&#44; methyldopa&#44; adrenergic &#945;-blockers &#91;terazosine&#93;&#44; &#946;-blockers&#44; terazosine&#44; hydralazine&#44; doxasozine&#44; clonidine&#44; prasozin&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Acetylsalicylic acid and other aspirin-derived non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Antihistamines&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tricyclic antidepressants&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ketotifen and astemizole&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Oral and topical corticosteroids&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Oral contraceptives and estrogen and&#47;or progestogen preparations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Chlorpromazine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Neuroleptics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Topical ocular agents &#40;betablockers&#44; pilocarpine&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Benzalkonium chloride &#40;in some topical vasoconstrictors&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Antibiotics &#40;spiramycin&#44; penicillin&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nasal decongestants&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cocaine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BP&#58; body pain&#59; CT&#58; computed tomography&#59; GH&#58; general health&#59; HAD&#58; Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale&#59; IgE&#58; immunoglobulin E&#59; MH&#58; mental health&#59; PF&#58; physical function&#59; ER&#58; emotional role&#59; PR&#58; physical role&#59; RQLQ&#58; Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire&#59; SF&#58; social function&#59; SF-12&#58; abbreviated SF-36 quality of life questionnaire&#59; VT&#58; vitality&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Pre-CPAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Post-CPAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#61;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#61;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&#177;Standard Deviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&#177;Standard Deviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Epworth</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&#46;61&#177;5&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&#46;19&#177;3&#46;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nasal obstruction</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;45&#177;1&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;55&#177;1&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;700&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinitis symptoms</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;86&#177;1&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">134&#177;1&#46;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;090&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nasal dryness</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&#177;0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;52&#177;1&#46;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hearing problems</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;43&#177;0&#46;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;33&#177;0&#46;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;180&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Skin and eye problems</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;68&#177;1&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;71&#177;1&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;705&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAD</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anxiety&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;48&#177;3&#46;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;55&#177;3&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;006&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Depression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;16&#177;3&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;68&#177;3&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;023&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CT &#40;cm</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">80&#46;46&#177;53&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79&#46;78&#177;55&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;395&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Otoscopy &#40;normal&#47;abnormal&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29&#47;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29&#47;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinoscopy &#40;normal&#47;abnormal&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#47;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#47;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinomanometry &#40;cm</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">833&#46;07&#177;286&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">834&#46;53&#177;259&#46;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;665&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Saccharin test &#40;min&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31&#46;06&#177;23&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">36&#46;97&#177;2452&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;117&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Impedanciometry &#40;normal&#47;abnormal&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#47;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#47;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Audiometry &#40;normal&#47;abnormal&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IgE &#40;U&#47;ml&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">134&#46;71&#177;393&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">87&#46;13&#177;147&#46;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;195&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Eosinophilia &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;45&#177;1&#46;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;87&#177;1&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;090&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cytology &#40;number of inflammatory cells&#47;500 epithelial cells&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Eosinophils&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;03&#177;0&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;09&#177;0&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;234&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neutrophils&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;69&#177;1&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;66&#177;9&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SF-12</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">44&#46;51&#177;25&#46;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48&#46;50&#177;26&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;587&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">74&#46;19&#177;24&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72&#46;50&#177;28&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;642&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&#46;16&#177;22&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75&#46;41&#177;24&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;083&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ER&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73&#46;61&#177;22&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75&#46;81&#177;21&#46;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;277&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>BP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76&#46;61&#177;21&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">82&#46;50&#177;23&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;115&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">63&#46;70&#177;22&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">68&#46;33&#177;21&#46;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;233&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>VT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41&#46;93&#177;24&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#46;50&#177;25&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;193&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76&#46;61&#177;28&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">82&#46;50&#177;25&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;148&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">RQLQ</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;48&#177;1&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;26&#177;1&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;493&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical&#44; Anatomical&#44; Functional&#44; Biological and Quality of Life Variables Before and After CPAP in all Study Patients&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BP&#58; body pain&#59; CT&#58; computed tomography&#59; GH&#58; general health&#59; HAD&#58; Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale&#59; IgE&#58; immunoglobulin E&#59; MH&#58; mental health&#59; PF&#58; physical function&#59; ER&#58; emotional role&#59; PR&#58; physical role&#59; RQLQ&#58; Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire&#59; SF&#58; social function&#59; SF-12&#58; abbreviated SF-36 quality of life questionnaire&#59; VT&#58; vitality&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Partients with good adherence &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#61;20&#41;</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients with bad adherence &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#61;11&#41;</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Pre-CPAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Post-CPAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span></th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Pre-CPAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Post-CPAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&#177;Standard Deviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&#177;Standard Deviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&#177;Standard Deviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&#177;Standard Deviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Epworth</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#46;90&#177;4&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;55&#177;2&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16&#46;73&#177;4&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#46;36&#177;4&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nasal obstruction</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;65&#177;1&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;50&#177;1&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;582&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;09&#177;1&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;64&#177;1&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;221&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinitis symptoms</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;06&#177;1&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;50&#177;1&#46;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;305&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;55&#177;0&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;09&#177;1&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;131&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nasal dryness</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&#177;0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;55&#177;1&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&#177;0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;45&#177;1&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;023&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hearing problems</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;47&#177;0&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;42&#177;0&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;564&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;36&#177;0&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;18&#177;0&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;157&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Skin and eye problems</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;60&#177;1&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;60&#177;1&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;82&#177;1&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;91&#177;1&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;317&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAD</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anxiety&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;20&#177;4&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;45&#177;3&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;052&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&#46;00&#177;3&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;73&#177;3&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;040&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Depression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;65&#177;4&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;15&#177;3&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;054&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#46;09&#177;3&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;64&#177;4&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;233&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CT &#40;cm</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73&#46;80&#177;51&#46;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71&#46;91&#177;51&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;113&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">93&#46;02&#177;58&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">94&#46;64&#177;64&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;441&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Otoscopy &#40;normal&#47;abnormal&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#47;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#47;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&#47;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&#47;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinoscopy &#40;normal&#47;abnormal&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#47;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#47;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#47;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#47;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinomanometry &#40;cm</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#47;s&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">832&#46;12&#177;301&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">848&#46;80&#177;224&#46;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;758&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">834&#46;55&#177;224&#46;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">806&#46;00&#177;330&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;878&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Saccharin test &#40;min&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#46;40&#177;23&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">39&#46;40&#177;24&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;050&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32&#46;27&#177;23&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32&#46;55&#177;24&#46;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;735&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Impedanciometry &#40;normal&#47;abnormal&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#47;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#47;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Audiometry &#40;normal&#47;abnormal&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IgE &#40;U&#47;ml&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">64&#46;56&#177;89&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">49&#46;63&#177;39&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;221&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">261&#46;00&#177;648&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">151&#46;91&#177;230&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;540&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Eosinophilia &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;70&#177;1&#46;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;35&#177;2&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;058&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;00&#177;1&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;00&#177;0&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cytology &#40;number of inflammatory cells&#47;500 epithelial cells&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Eosinophils&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;50&#177;0&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;07&#177;0&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;457&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&#177;0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;10&#177;0&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;317&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neutrophils&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;76&#177;2&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;47&#177;11&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;55&#177;0&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;39&#177;3&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;033&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Partients with good adherence &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#61;20&#41;</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients with bad adherence &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#61;11&#41;</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Pre-CPAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Post-CPAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span></th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Pre-RECPAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Post-CPAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&#177;Standard Deviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&#177;Standard Deviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&#177;Standard Deviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&#177;Standard Deviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SF-12</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50&#46;71&#177;23&#46;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48&#46;50&#177;26&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;491&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31&#46;50&#177;26&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48&#46;50&#177;28&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;213&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73&#46;81&#177;25&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73&#46;75&#177;26&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;917&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75&#46;00&#177;23&#46;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&#46;00&#177;34&#46;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;414&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72&#46;62&#177;22&#46;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">80&#46;00&#177;23&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;079&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">65&#46;00&#177;24&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66&#46;25&#177;22&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;705&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ER&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73&#46;21&#177;22&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">77&#46;50&#177;20&#46;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;415&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67&#46;50&#177;24&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71&#46;25&#177;24&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;524&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>BP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79&#46;76&#177;20&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">83&#46;75&#177;24&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;454&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&#46;00&#177;22&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">80&#46;00&#177;22&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;046&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66&#46;67&#177;20&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&#46;00&#177;20&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;483&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">57&#46;50&#177;27&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">65&#46;00&#177;24&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;304&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>VT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41&#46;67&#177;24&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48&#46;75&#177;24&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;222&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">42&#46;50&#177;26&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45&#46;00&#177;28&#46;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;655&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">80&#46;95&#177;27&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">87&#46;50&#177;22&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;222&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67&#46;50&#177;28&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72&#46;50&#177;29&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;458&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">RQLQ</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;42&#177;1&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;03&#177;0&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;209&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;60&#177;1&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;72&#177;1&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;575&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical&#44; Anatomical&#44; Functional&#44; Biological and Quality of Life Variables Before and After CPAP in Partients with good adherence and Patients with bad adherence&#46;</p>"
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      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BP&#58; body pain&#59; CT&#58; computed tomography&#59; CT 90&#58; percentage of time recorded with saturation &#60;90&#37;&#59; GH&#58; general health&#59; HAD&#58; Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale&#59; IgE&#58; immunoglobulin E&#59; MH&#58; mental health&#59; PF&#58; physical function&#59; ER&#58; emotional role&#59; PR&#58; physical role&#59; RQLQ&#58; Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire&#59; SF&#58; social function&#59; SF-12&#58; abbreviated SF-36 quality of life questionnaire&#59; VT&#58; vitality&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Pre-CPAP Variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Partients with good adherence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Patients with bad adherence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span></th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&#177;Standard Deviation &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#61;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&#177;Standard Deviation &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#61;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age &#40;years&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">57&#46;40&#177;8&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54&#46;55&#177;10&#46;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;549&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AHI</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">44&#46;30&#177;23&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37&#46;27&#177;22&#46;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;386&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CT 90</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37&#46;36&#177;25&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17&#46;10&#177;16&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;069&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nadir</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67&#46;70&#177;15&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73&#46;29&#177;8&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;526&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Body mass index</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29&#46;17&#177;3&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29&#46;83&#177;3&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;726&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Neck circumference &#40;cm&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">43&#46;40&#177;5&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">44&#46;36&#177;4&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;575&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CPAP pressure</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#46;15&#177;1&#46;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&#46;36&#177;0&#46;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;148&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hours CPAP</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;99&#177;1&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;01&#177;1&#46;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Epworth</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#46;90&#177;4&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16&#46;73&#177;4&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;014&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nasal obstruction</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;65&#177;1&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;09&#177;1&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;242&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinitis symptoms</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;06&#177;1&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;55&#177;0&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;213&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nasal dryness</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&#177;0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&#177;0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hearing problems</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;47&#177;0&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;36&#177;0&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;819&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Skin and eye problems</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;60&#177;1&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;82&#177;1&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;716&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAD</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anxiety&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;20&#177;4&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&#46;00&#177;3&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;574&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Depression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;65&#177;4&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#46;09&#177;3&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;290&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CT &#40;cm</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73&#46;81&#177;51&#46;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">93&#46;03&#177;58&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;397&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Otoscopy &#40;normal&#47;abnormal&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#47;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&#47;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinoscopy &#40;normal&#47;abnormal&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#47;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#47;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinomanometry &#40;cm</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#47;s&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">833&#46;12&#177;301&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">834&#46;55&#177;224&#46;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;888&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Saccharin test &#40;min&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#46;40&#177;23&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32&#46;27&#177;23&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;539&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Impedanciometry &#40;normal&#47;abnormal&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#47;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Audiometry &#40;normal&#47;abnormal&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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