Original Article
Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: A Cross Sectional Study
Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes con déficit de alfa-1 antitripsina: estudio transversal
a Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Oporto, Portugal
b Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
c Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Portugal
d EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Portugal
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array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "49" "paginaFinal" => "54" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Margarida Torres Redondo, Elsa Campoa, Luis Ruano, Maria Sucena" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Margarida" "apellidos" => "Torres Redondo" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "margarida.tredondo@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Elsa" "apellidos" => "Campoa" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Luis" "apellidos" => "Ruano" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Maria" "apellidos" => "Sucena" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Oporto, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Algarve, Faro, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes con déficit de alfa-1 antitripsina: estudio transversal" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alpha 1-Antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), though often under-diagnosed, is one of the most common genetic respiratory disorders worldwide, affecting from 1 in 2000 to 1 in 5000 individuals.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> AATD predisposes to lung and liver disease and some other conditions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alpha 1-Antitrypsin is the prototype member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily of proteins, and is caused by mutations in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SERPINA1</span> gene located in the long arm of chromosome 14.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,4</span></a> This genetic defect results in decreased serum levels of α1-antitrypsin, leading to low alveolar concentrations and protease excess, causing emphysema.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), measures of Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) are frequently used as descriptive instruments or as outcome measures.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Since no cure has yet been found for most chronic respiratory diseases, a major goal of care is to improve HRQoL.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the lack of studies assessing HRQoL in patients with AATD and the increasing importance of HRQoL measures, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between HRQoL and gender, functional parameters and history of hospitalizations (previous year) in patients with AATD.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Study Design and Setting</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is a cross-sectional study of patients with AATD recruited from January to June 2013 (6 months) in the pulmonology outpatient clinic at the University Hospital São João, a tertiary hospital. The research protocol was submitted to and approved by the local research ethics committee.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Patients</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sample included 26 consecutive patients attending the pulmonology outpatient clinic, with an AATD diagnosis confirmed by genetic analysis (genotypes ZZ and SZ). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient. Illiterate patients and those with physical and mental disabilities prior to the diagnosis of AATD were excluded.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Clinical and Pulmonary Function Assessment</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Social-demographic data were recorded, namely age, gender, educational level, social and employment status. Patients also underwent clinical evaluation that included dyspnea severity measured on the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> assessment of smoking status, presence of significant co-morbidities and current medication. The results from the genetic analysis were also retrieved. The number of hospitalizations due to respiratory disease in the previous year was retrospectively analyzed using clinical records. Each patient was tested for spirometry and lung volumes (MasterScreen™ Body; Jaeger, Würzburg, Germany) according to international guidelines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7,8</span></a> The 6-min walking test (6MWT) was performed using the methodology described by the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Quality of Life</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HRQoL was assessed using the Portuguese version of the short form-36 (SF-36) health survey questionnaire.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,11</span></a> The SF-36 questionnaire was used as it is considered a well-researched and reliable instrument that has been culturally adapted and validated for the Portuguese population.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Moreover, it has been used as an outcome measure in different studies in chronic respiratory diseases, such a COPD.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The questionnaire was administered during the patient's first visit to the pulmonology outpatient clinic in the study period.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Statistical Analysis</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Continuous variables are described with their mean and standard deviation. Categorical variables are described by their relative frequencies (in percentage).</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The independent samples <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test was used to compare the SF-36 scores between genders, genotypes, patients untreated <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> patients treated with augmentation therapy, and patients without <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> patients with hospitalizations due to respiratory disease in the previous year. Linear regression was used to analyze the association between the SF-36 scores and age, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and 6-min walking test distance (6MWTD).</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Results</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Socio-demographic characteristics of AATD patients are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. The mean age of the sample population was 48.2 years, 73.1% (Standard Error, SE=0.09) of the patients were married and 19.2% (SE=0.08) single. Regarding the education level, 46.2% (SE=0.10) had more than basic education.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main baseline clinical characteristics of patients are described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>. The AAT phenotype was ZZ for 15 patients (57.7%, SE=0.10) and SZ for 11 (42.3%, SE=0.10). All patients had lung involvement with emphysema or bronchiectasis on chest tomography. The majority of patients (80.8%, SE=0.08) had respiratory symptoms: dyspnea in 18 (69.2%, SE=0.09), chronic bronchitis in 16 (61.5%, SE=0.10) and wheezing in 10 (38.5%, SE=0.10). Liver disease was found in 50% (SE=0.10) of patients.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most patients had a ventilatory obstructive pattern, with a mean FEV1 of 64.9% predicted, and 38.5% (SE=0.10) of patients with a FEV1 of less than 50% predicted. The mean 6MWTD was 387.2 meters, and the mean desaturation was 8.2%.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the study period, 23 patients (88.5%, SE=0.06) were treated with long-acting bronchodilators, whereas 19 (73.1%, SE=0.09) also received inhaled corticosteroids. Seven patients (26.9%, SE=0.09) were undergoing long-term oxygen therapy. Eight patients (30.8%, SE=0.09) were given augmentation therapy during the study period according to a 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg weekly administration regimen, in accordance with the guidelines published by the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirurgía Torácica</span> (SEPAR).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Patients receiving augmentation therapy had more severe airflow limitation than untreated patients (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><0.05), and all of them presented a ZZ phenotype.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The association between the SF-36 dimensions and gender, phenotype, hospitalizations (in the previous year) and treatment with augmentation therapy is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0015">Tables 3 and 4</a>. A statistically significant difference between genders was found in 3 dimensions of the questionnaire, bodily pain (89.0 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 65.2; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.016), vitality (58.8 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 39.6; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.043) and mental health (74.2 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 52.9; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.027), with female gender presenting lower scores in both dimensions. Patients with at least 1 hospitalization in the previous year due to respiratory disease had significantly lower scores in several dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire (physical functioning, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>≤0.001; role limitation due to physical health problems, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.012, bodily pain, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.017; vitality, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001; social functioning, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.046). ZZ patients receiving augmentation therapy had significantly higher scores in the change of health item than ZZ patients no receiving this therapy (2.0 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 3.0, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.021).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a> presents the correlation of the SF-36 score with age, FEV1, FVC, 6MWTD and mMRC score. Older age negatively influenced 3 dimensions of the score (physical functioning, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span>=−1.06, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.020; role limitation due to physical health problems, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span>=−1.8, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.038; role limitation due to emotional function, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span>=−1.42, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.021). A positive correlation between FEV1 and physical functioning (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span>=0.64, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><0.001), role limitation due to physical health problems (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span>=0.62, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.045) and general health perception (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span>=0.18, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.002) was found. A higher distance mark in the 6MWT positively influenced several dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire (physical functioning, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span>=0.12, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.007; role limitation due to physical health problems, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span>=0.24, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.010; bodily pain, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span>=0.17, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><0.001; general health perception, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span>=0.12, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.020; vitality, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span>=3.32, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.002; social functioning, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span>=0.14, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.002; mental health, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span>=0.16, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=0.008). Higher mMRC scores negatively influenced the 8 dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire, as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Discussion</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this paper, we describe a cross-sectional study that analyses the relationship between HRQoL and social-demographic, clinical and functional parameters in patients with AATD. All the patients included in this study were routinely followed-up in the pulmonology outpatient clinic and had documented lung involvement, with most of them having a ventilatory obstructive pattern. The cross-sectional data available found some significant statistical correlations.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study, female patients had significantly lower scores in 2 dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire. In COPD patients, published data shows that women have higher levels of anxiety and depression and worse symptom-related quality of life than their male counterparts; nevertheless, gender-related determinants of HRQoL in COPD are not fully understood.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A higher score in the SF-36 change of health item was found in ZZ patients receiving augmentation therapy. However, the difference found is of little value outside a randomized controlled double-blinded trial.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A positive correlation between FEV1, 6MWTD and numerous dimensions of the SF-36 was found, and higher mMRC scores negatively influenced all dimensions of HRQoL. Additionally, we found significantly lower scores in several dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire in patients with at least 1 hospitalization in the previous year due to respiratory disease. Thus, a significant association between different markers of respiratory disease progression and several domains of the SF-36 questionnaire was identified in this patient sample. In line with these findings, published data shows that the SF-36 questionnaire could be a useful instrument to predict exacerbations in COPD patients, and that it correlates with the mMRC score and the 6MWTD in these patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14,15</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As the present study relied on cross-sectional data, unequivocal determinations of cause-and-effect are not possible. Furthermore, a larger sample would be needed to gain a better understanding of the relationship between the different markers of disease progression and outcomes and the SF-36 domains in a multivariate analysis.</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HRQoL questions about perceived physical and mental health and function are an important component of health surveillance, and are considered indicators of service needs and intervention outcomes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Measuring HRQoL in AATD patients can help determine the impact of the disease and provide valuable insight into intervention outcomes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> What little data is available on this subject is based on AATD National Registries.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17,18</span></a> Despite its limitations, the present study represents an important step forward, since it analyzes the relationship between several characteristics of AATD patients and HRQoL dimensions. The results also suggest that the SF-36 questionnaire could be useful as a patient reported outcome for AATD patients with lung involvement.</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conclusions</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Older and female patients with AATD have worse HRQoL when assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire. The present study found an association between different markers of respiratory disease progression and worse HRQoL in patients with AATD and lung involvement. Despite these findings, correlations between HRQoL outcome measures and clinical data have to be further investigated with prospective studies.</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the scarcity of studies in HRQoL in patients with AATD, our findings can play an important role in the management of these patients.</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Funding</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare they have received no funding.</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Author Contributions</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MTR contributed to study design, data collection, and authorship. EC was involved in study design, performed data collection and reviewed the manuscript. LR contributed to authorship and reviewed the manuscript for important intellectual content. MS was involved in study design, performed data collection, contributed to authorship and reviewed the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors contributed toward data analysis, drafting and critically revising the paper, and are accountable for all aspects of the manuscript.</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conflict of Interests</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors state that they have no conflict of interests.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:13 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres798270" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec796259" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres798271" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec796260" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Study Design and Setting" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Patients" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Clinical and Pulmonary Function Assessment" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Quality of Life" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Statistical Analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Author Contributions" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Conflict of Interests" ] 12 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2016-03-14" "fechaAceptado" => "2016-05-31" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec796259" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "α1-Antitrypsin deficiency" 1 => "Health related quality of life" 2 => "SF-36 questionnaire" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec796260" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Déficit de α1-antitripsina" 1 => "Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud" 2 => "Cuestionario SF-36" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Measures of health related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) can help to determine the impact of the disease and provide an important insight into the intervention outcomes. There is few data regarding this issue in the literature. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between HRQoL and gender, functional parameters and history of hospitalizations in patients with AATD.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This is a cross-sectional study of 26 patients with severe AATD recruited in the pulmonology outpatient clinic at a tertiary care medical center. Social-demographic, clinical and functional parameters were recorded and HRQoL was assessed with the Portuguese version of the medical outcome study short form-36 (SF-36) self-administered questionnaire.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Older patients, females and patients with at least one hospitalization in the previous year due to respiratory disease had statistical lower scores in some dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire. Superior FEV1 and higher distance mark in the 6-min walking test distance influenced positively several dimensions of the questionnaire. Higher scores in the mMRC scale influenced negatively the HRQoL.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">These data suggests that older and female patients with AATD have worse HRQoL. Hospitalizations and functional markers of respiratory disease progression influenced negatively the HRQoL, suggesting that the SF-36 questionnaire could be useful as an outcome for AATD patients with lung involvement.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducción</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las medidas de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) pueden ayudar a determinar los efectos de la enfermedad de los pacientes con déficit de α1-antitripsina (DAAT) y proporcionar una perspectiva valiosa de los resultados de las intervenciones. Este tema se ha abordado poco en la literatura, y el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si existe alguna relación entre la CVRS y el sexo, los parámetros funcionales y los antecedentes de hospitalización de los pacientes con DAAT.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Métodos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Para este estudio transversal se reclutaron 26 pacientes con DAAT grave que eran atendidos en las consultas externas de neumología de un hospital terciario. Se registraron parámetros sociodemográficos, clínicos y funcionales, y se evaluó la CVRS mediante la versión portuguesa del cuestionario de salud SF-36.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes de mayor edad, de sexo femenino y los que habían sido hospitalizados por enfermedad respiratoria al menos una vez durante el año anterior mostraron puntuaciones más bajas en algunas dimensiones del cuestionario SF-36. Los valores más altos de FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> y distancias recorridas más largas en la prueba de la marcha de 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min tuvieron una influencia positiva sobre varias dimensiones del cuestionario, mientras que las puntuaciones más altas en la escala MRCm influyeron negativamente en la CVRS.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los resultados muestran que la CVRS de los pacientes de mayor edad y las mujeres con DAAT es peor. Las hospitalizaciones y los marcadores funcionales de progresión de la enfermedad respiratoria tuvieron una influencia negativa sobre la CVRS, lo que indica que el cuestionario SF-36 podría ser de utilidad como medida de resultados de los pacientes con DAAT y afectación pulmonar.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0035">Please cite this article as: Torres Redondo M, Campoa E, Ruano L, Sucena M. Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes con déficit de alfa-1 antitripsina: estudio transversal. Arch Bronconeumol. 2017;53:49–54.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviation</span>: SD, standard deviation.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gender</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 (50.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 (50.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Whole sample, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mean</span> (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48.2 (15.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Marital status</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Married, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 (73.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Single, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (19.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Widowed, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (3.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Divorced, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (3.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Education level</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Less than basic education, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (26.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Basic education, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (26.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Secondary school, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 (30.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Higher education, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (15.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Employment status</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Employed, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (38.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Unemployed, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (19.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Retired, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (38.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Housewife, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (3.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1338915.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Socio-demographic Characteristics.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>: 6MWT, six-minute walk test; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s; FVC, forced vital capacity; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; RV, residual volume; SD, standard deviation; TLC, total lung capacity.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Smoking status</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Never, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 (42.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Former, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 (46.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Current, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (11.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mMRC dyspnea scale</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 (34.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (15.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 (23.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 (23.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (3.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospitalizations due to respiratory disease</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>In the year prior to inclusion, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mean</span> (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.19 (0.49) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>At least 1 exacerbation during the year prior to inclusion, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (15.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">6MWT</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Distance m, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mean</span> (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">387.2 (136.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Desaturation %, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mean</span> (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.2 (5.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FVC (%predicted), mean (SD)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">87.5 (22.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV1 (%predicted), mean (SD)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">64.9 (30.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">RV (%predicted), mean (SD)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">180.8 (65.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TLC (%predicted), mean (SD)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">118.5 (20.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treatment</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Inhaled corticosteroids, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 (73.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Long-acting β2-agonists, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20 (76.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Long-acting anti-cholinergic agentes, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 (53.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Augmentation therapy, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 (30.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Long term oxygen therapy, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (26.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1338914.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical Characteristics.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Physical Functioning<br>Mean (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Role Limitation Due to Physical Health Problems<br>Mean (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Bodily Pain<br>Mean (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">General Health Perception<br>Mean (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gender</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">69.6 (26.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.276</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">51.9 (45.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.920</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">89.0 (17.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.016</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43.7 (27.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.919</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.3 (30.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">53.8 (51.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">65.2 (28.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">44.7 (21.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phenotype</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ZZ (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.0 (29.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.166</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">55.0 (48.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.798</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">78.7 (29.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.718</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39.1 (27.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.187</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SZ (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=11) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">72.3 (24.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50.0 (48.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">75.0 (22.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">51.2 (18.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospitalization (previous year)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18.8 (11.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><0.001</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0 (0.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.012</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">44.3 (19.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.017</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25.0 (22.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.128</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=22) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">71.6 (22.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">62.5 (45.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">83.1 (22.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">47.7 (23.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ZZ patients (treatment with augmentation therapy)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Treated (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">55.0 (31.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.793</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">65.6 (44.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.391</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">83.3 (25.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.544</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">44.3 (27.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.452</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Untreated (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">59.3 (30.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42.9 (53.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">73.4 (33.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33.1 (27.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1338912.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><0.05 (statistically significant).</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>: SD, standard deviation; SF-36, Short Form-36 self-administered questionnaire.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SF-36 Dimensions (Physical Health) and Gender, Phenotype, Hospitalizations (Previous Year) and Treatment With Augmentation Treatment Status.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Vitality<br>Mean (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Social Functioning<br>Mean (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Role Limitation Due to Emotional Function<br>Mean (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mental Health<br>Mean (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Change of Health<br>Mean (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="11" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gender</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58.8 (24.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.043</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">78.8 (26.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.497</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">74.4 (41.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.138</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">74.2 (19.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.027</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.6 (1.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.153</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39.6 (21.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">72.1 (22.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46.2 (51.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">52.9 (25.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.2 (0.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="11" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="11" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phenotype</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ZZ (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50.0 (29.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.844</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">76.7 (24.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.784</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">62.2 (48.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.814</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">67.7 (29.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.284</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.7 (1.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.323</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SZ (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=11) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48.2 (16.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">73.9 (26.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.6 (49.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.8 (15.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.1 (0.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="11" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="11" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospitalization (previous year)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.0 (8.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><0.001</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">53.1 (6.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.046</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25.0 (50.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.196</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">51.0 (36.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.487</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.5 (1.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.348</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=22) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">56.4 (19.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">79.5 (24.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">66.7 (46.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">65.8 (22.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.8 (0.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="11" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="11" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ZZ patients (treatment with augmentation therapy)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Treated (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">54.4 (33.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.553</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">78.1 (21.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.816</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">66.7 (47.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.723</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">82.5 (12.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">0.059</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.1 (0.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.017</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Untreated (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>=7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45.0 (25.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">75.0 (27.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.1 (53.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50.9 (35.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.4 (1.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1338913.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><0.05 (statistically significative).</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Abbreviations: SF-36, Medical Outcome Short Form-36 self-administered questionnaire; SD, standard deviation.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SF-36 Dimensions (Mental Health, Change of Health Item) and Gender, Phenotype, Hospitalizations (Previous Year) and Treatment With Augmentation Treatment Status.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at5" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FEV1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FVC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">6MWTD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">mMRC Score \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Physical functioning</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−1.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−15.34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.52 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.52 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.020</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><0.001</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.010</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.007</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><0.001</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Role limitation due to physical health problems</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−1.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−23.78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.038</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.045</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.160 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.010</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><0.001</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bodily pain</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−12.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.38 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.059 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.364 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.220 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><0.001</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.001</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">General health perception</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−10.21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.051 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.002</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.370 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.020</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.040</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vitality</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−9.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.52 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.137 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.190 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.140 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.002</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.006</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Social functioning</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−11.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.08 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.175 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.400 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.700 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.002</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.010</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Role limitation due to emotional function</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−1.42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.46 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−19.38 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.53 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.021</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.160 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.140 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.090 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.006</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mental health</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−7.41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.874 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.650 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.780 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.008</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.050</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Change of health</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.445 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.310 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.340 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.313 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1338911.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><0.05 (statistically significant).</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0030"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>: 6MWTD, six-minute walk test distance; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span>, beta coefficient of the linear regression; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s; FVC, forced vital capacity; mMRC, Modified Medical Research Council; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span>, correlation coefficient of the linear regression; SF-36, Short Form-36 self administered questionnaire.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SF-36 Dimensions and Age, FEV1, FVC, 6MWTD and mMRC Score.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:18 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A review of α1-antitrypsin deficiency" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.K. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 October | 42 | 20 | 62 |
| 2024 September | 58 | 17 | 75 |
| 2024 August | 65 | 43 | 108 |
| 2024 July | 48 | 26 | 74 |
| 2024 June | 64 | 31 | 95 |
| 2024 May | 101 | 38 | 139 |
| 2024 April | 37 | 26 | 63 |
| 2024 March | 47 | 21 | 68 |
| 2024 February | 28 | 24 | 52 |
| 2023 July | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2023 April | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2023 March | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| 2023 February | 68 | 33 | 101 |
| 2023 January | 40 | 33 | 73 |
| 2022 December | 88 | 36 | 124 |
| 2022 November | 65 | 45 | 110 |
| 2022 October | 79 | 33 | 112 |
| 2022 September | 87 | 29 | 116 |
| 2022 August | 63 | 48 | 111 |
| 2022 July | 36 | 37 | 73 |
| 2022 June | 37 | 31 | 68 |
| 2022 May | 52 | 68 | 120 |
| 2022 April | 55 | 36 | 91 |
| 2022 March | 38 | 44 | 82 |
| 2022 February | 36 | 29 | 65 |
| 2022 January | 45 | 45 | 90 |
| 2021 December | 37 | 41 | 78 |
| 2021 November | 56 | 45 | 101 |
| 2021 October | 130 | 54 | 184 |
| 2021 September | 37 | 50 | 87 |
| 2021 August | 38 | 25 | 63 |
| 2021 July | 37 | 30 | 67 |
| 2021 June | 34 | 40 | 74 |
| 2021 May | 52 | 19 | 71 |
| 2021 April | 114 | 104 | 218 |
| 2021 March | 69 | 26 | 95 |
| 2021 February | 47 | 23 | 70 |
| 2021 January | 39 | 20 | 59 |
| 2020 December | 36 | 12 | 48 |
| 2020 November | 37 | 20 | 57 |
| 2020 October | 36 | 20 | 56 |
| 2020 September | 35 | 12 | 47 |
| 2020 August | 26 | 10 | 36 |
| 2020 July | 29 | 19 | 48 |
| 2020 June | 39 | 8 | 47 |
| 2020 May | 45 | 19 | 64 |
| 2020 April | 41 | 23 | 64 |
| 2020 March | 39 | 12 | 51 |
| 2020 February | 40 | 21 | 61 |
| 2020 January | 34 | 27 | 61 |
| 2019 December | 53 | 25 | 78 |
| 2019 November | 38 | 24 | 62 |
| 2019 October | 24 | 19 | 43 |
| 2019 September | 21 | 10 | 31 |
| 2019 August | 34 | 23 | 57 |
| 2019 July | 29 | 20 | 49 |
| 2019 June | 24 | 11 | 35 |
| 2019 May | 28 | 10 | 38 |
| 2019 April | 34 | 9 | 43 |
| 2019 March | 36 | 16 | 52 |
| 2019 February | 28 | 19 | 47 |
| 2019 January | 19 | 8 | 27 |
| 2018 December | 22 | 8 | 30 |
| 2018 November | 80 | 21 | 101 |
| 2018 October | 183 | 23 | 206 |
| 2018 September | 36 | 12 | 48 |
| 2018 May | 11 | 1 | 12 |
| 2018 April | 18 | 8 | 26 |
| 2018 March | 16 | 11 | 27 |
| 2018 February | 23 | 8 | 31 |
| 2018 January | 26 | 9 | 35 |
| 2017 December | 40 | 11 | 51 |
| 2017 November | 26 | 7 | 33 |
| 2017 October | 33 | 8 | 41 |
| 2017 September | 20 | 18 | 38 |
| 2017 August | 24 | 10 | 34 |
| 2017 July | 23 | 11 | 34 |
| 2017 June | 42 | 17 | 59 |
| 2017 May | 42 | 16 | 58 |
| 2017 April | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2017 February | 1 | 1 | 2 |
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