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High-resolution computed tomography &#40;HRCT&#41; revealed bilateral pulmonary opacities&#44; predominantly in the upper lung regions&#46; Clinical laboratory tests showed eosinophilia in blood and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid &#40;7&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;l and 80&#37;&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; The patient was diagnosed with eosinophilic pneumonia&#59; sulfasalazine was switched to 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg prednisone once a day&#44; resulting in clinical and functional improvement&#46; The patient was not followed up&#46; In September 2013&#44; he presented again with a 5-month history of dry cough and progressive dyspnea&#46; He had discontinued prednisone prematurely&#44; and against our advice&#44; had started taking sulfasalazine again&#46; Spirometry showed an obstructive ventilatory defect &#40;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#61;905<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml &#91;31&#37; predicted&#93;&#59; FVC&#61;1300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml &#91;34&#37; predicted&#93;&#59; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#47;FVC&#61;&#91;69&#37; predicted&#93;&#41;&#46; Arterial blood gases revealed hypoxemia&#44; HRCT found bilateral areas of mosaic attenuation &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; and clinical laboratory results showed 1&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;l eosinophils in blood&#46; Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed hyperemia throughout the tracheobronchial mucosa&#44; endobronchial biopsy found prominent eosinophil inflammation&#44; and 32&#37; eosinophils were seen on the bronchoalveolar lavage &#40;BAL&#41; leukocyte formula&#46; Sulfasalazine was withdrawn&#44; and the patient began treatment for HOB with 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg prednisone once a day and nebulized bronchodilators and corticosteroids&#44; producing notable clinical and functional improvement&#46; In November 2013&#44; the patient&#39;s FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> was 2900<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml &#40;114&#37;&#41; and FVC 3810 &#40;105&#37;&#41;&#46; We recommended a gradual reduction over the course of several weeks of the initial dose of corticosteroids to the minimum maintenance dose for normal lung function and control symptoms&#46; The patient also received formoterol&#47;budesonide&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cordier et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> recently characterized HOB as a new eosinophilic respiratory disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> These authors established 3 diagnostic criteria&#58; &#40;1&#41; eosinophils in blood&#62;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;l &#40;and&#47;or &#62;25&#37; eosinophils in BAL&#41;&#59; &#40;2&#41; persistent airflow obstruction in lung function tests&#44; with a post-bronchodilator FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#47;FVC ratio&#60;70&#37; and FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#60;80&#37; predicted&#44; with no improvement after 4&#8211;6 weeks of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids &#40;2000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;day beclomethasone or equivalent&#41; &#8722; other functional parameters indicative of obliterative bronchiolitis are a decrease in forced expiratory flow between 25&#37; and 75&#37; of forced vital capacity &#40;FVC&#41; and an increase in the residual volume&#47;total lung capacity ratio and &#40;3&#41; inflammatory bronchiolitis with significant eosinophilic infiltration on lung biopsy and&#47;or signs of bronchiolitis on HRCT&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HOB may be idiopathic&#44; associated with asthma&#44; or an integral part of an established disease &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; Churg&#8211;Strauss syndrome&#44; hypereosinophilic syndrome&#44; allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis&#44; or adverse drug reaction&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> To date&#44; no cases of drug-induced HOB have been reported&#46; However&#44; a report published some time ago described a 28-year-old man with minocycline-induced pulmonary eosinophilia&#46; Cordier et al&#46; reassessed this case and attributed it to possible iatrogenic HOB&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our case&#44; sulfasalazine was the etiological agent for this specific syndrome&#46; While reports of drug-induced HOB in the literature are rare&#44; specialists should be aware of this clinical entity&#44; since early diagnosis is the mainstay of treatment&#46;</p></span>"
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Letter to the Editor
Sulfasalazine-induced Hypereosinophilic Obliterative Bronchiolitis
Bronquiolitis obliterante hipereosinofílica inducida por sulfasalazina
Stamatis Katsenos
Corresponding author
skatsenos@yahoo.gr

Corresponding author.
, Elvira-Markela Antonogiannaki, Konstantinos Psathakis
Department of Pneumonology, Army General Hospital of Athens, Atenas, Greece
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High-resolution computed tomography &#40;HRCT&#41; revealed bilateral pulmonary opacities&#44; predominantly in the upper lung regions&#46; Clinical laboratory tests showed eosinophilia in blood and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid &#40;7&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;l and 80&#37;&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; The patient was diagnosed with eosinophilic pneumonia&#59; sulfasalazine was switched to 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg prednisone once a day&#44; resulting in clinical and functional improvement&#46; The patient was not followed up&#46; In September 2013&#44; he presented again with a 5-month history of dry cough and progressive dyspnea&#46; He had discontinued prednisone prematurely&#44; and against our advice&#44; had started taking sulfasalazine again&#46; Spirometry showed an obstructive ventilatory defect &#40;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#61;905<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml &#91;31&#37; predicted&#93;&#59; FVC&#61;1300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml &#91;34&#37; predicted&#93;&#59; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#47;FVC&#61;&#91;69&#37; predicted&#93;&#41;&#46; Arterial blood gases revealed hypoxemia&#44; HRCT found bilateral areas of mosaic attenuation &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; and clinical laboratory results showed 1&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;l eosinophils in blood&#46; Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed hyperemia throughout the tracheobronchial mucosa&#44; endobronchial biopsy found prominent eosinophil inflammation&#44; and 32&#37; eosinophils were seen on the bronchoalveolar lavage &#40;BAL&#41; leukocyte formula&#46; Sulfasalazine was withdrawn&#44; and the patient began treatment for HOB with 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg prednisone once a day and nebulized bronchodilators and corticosteroids&#44; producing notable clinical and functional improvement&#46; In November 2013&#44; the patient&#39;s FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> was 2900<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml &#40;114&#37;&#41; and FVC 3810 &#40;105&#37;&#41;&#46; We recommended a gradual reduction over the course of several weeks of the initial dose of corticosteroids to the minimum maintenance dose for normal lung function and control symptoms&#46; The patient also received formoterol&#47;budesonide&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cordier et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> recently characterized HOB as a new eosinophilic respiratory disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> These authors established 3 diagnostic criteria&#58; &#40;1&#41; eosinophils in blood&#62;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;l &#40;and&#47;or &#62;25&#37; eosinophils in BAL&#41;&#59; &#40;2&#41; persistent airflow obstruction in lung function tests&#44; with a post-bronchodilator FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#47;FVC ratio&#60;70&#37; and FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#60;80&#37; predicted&#44; with no improvement after 4&#8211;6 weeks of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids &#40;2000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;day beclomethasone or equivalent&#41; &#8722; other functional parameters indicative of obliterative bronchiolitis are a decrease in forced expiratory flow between 25&#37; and 75&#37; of forced vital capacity &#40;FVC&#41; and an increase in the residual volume&#47;total lung capacity ratio and &#40;3&#41; inflammatory bronchiolitis with significant eosinophilic infiltration on lung biopsy and&#47;or signs of bronchiolitis on HRCT&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HOB may be idiopathic&#44; associated with asthma&#44; or an integral part of an established disease &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; Churg&#8211;Strauss syndrome&#44; hypereosinophilic syndrome&#44; allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis&#44; or adverse drug reaction&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> To date&#44; no cases of drug-induced HOB have been reported&#46; However&#44; a report published some time ago described a 28-year-old man with minocycline-induced pulmonary eosinophilia&#46; Cordier et al&#46; reassessed this case and attributed it to possible iatrogenic HOB&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our case&#44; sulfasalazine was the etiological agent for this specific syndrome&#46; While reports of drug-induced HOB in the literature are rare&#44; specialists should be aware of this clinical entity&#44; since early diagnosis is the mainstay of treatment&#46;</p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 15792129
Original language: English
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