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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Upper panel&#58; computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; images of the chest obtained at the time of presentation with pneumothorax and pleural effusion&#46; Consolidation is shown in the right middle lobe &#40;first and second panel&#41;&#44; and air-fluid levels are shown in the right pleural space &#40;third panel&#41;&#46; Tree-in-bud opacification is shown in both lungs&#46; Lower panel&#58; CT images obtained 3 months following commencement of treatment for NTM disease&#46; There is resolution of the right sided pleural effusion and pneumothorax&#44; with re-expansion of the lung and improvement in consolidation of the right middle lobe&#46;</p>"
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and chest radiography performed 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h later did not show pneumothorax&#46; As her pain had resolved&#44; she was discharged home&#46; During subsequent days&#44; she reported fever &#40;101&#8211;105<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;F&#41; and intermittent back and right upper quadrant pain with no dyspnea or change in cough&#46; She was evaluated in the clinic on the fifth day after the procedure&#46; Chest CT showed an extensive right lower and middle lobe consolidation with hydropneumothorax &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#44; upper panel&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">By this time&#44; BAL smear and cultures were positive for AFB&#46; Thoracentesis was performed&#44; confirming an exudative pleural effusion that was lymphocyte-predominant &#40;82&#37; lymphocytes&#41;&#44; and cultured no organisms&#46; She commenced recommended treatment for non-tuberculous mycobacterium &#40;NTM&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> and also treatment for presumed health-care associated pneumonia&#46; The hydro-pneumothorax was managed without need for insertion of a pleural catheter or surgical intervention&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A diagnosis of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; avium complex</span> was later confirmed from BAL fluid&#46; She tolerated the NTM regimen well&#44; reporting decreased symptoms of fever and back pain&#46; Subsequent chest CT imaging following 3 months of treatment for NTM showed resolution of the pleural effusion and pneumothorax&#44; and improvement in tree-in-bud appearances &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#44; lower panel&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">NTM disease may be associated with spontaneous pneumothorax with an incidence of 2&#46;4&#37;&#8211;4&#46;1&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Mortality due to pneumothorax in such patients may be as high as 66&#37;&#44; compared to 8&#37; in those without pneumothorax&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Conversely&#44; the overall risk of pneumothorax during BAL fluid collection is extremely low&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> In a study of 1127 BAL procedures&#44; no patient developed pneumothorax&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> while in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome&#44; the reported incidence related to BAL is 0&#46;9&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> To our knowledge&#44; there are no previous reports of pneumothorax due to BAL performed for the diagnosis of NTM disease&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">While our patient developed back pain shortly after the procedure&#44; chest radiography did not show pneumothorax at 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h post-procedure&#46; It is possible that the pneumothorax may have been too small to be initially recognized by portable chest radiography&#46; Furthermore&#44; a protracted history of fevers and persistent pain in the days following the procedure may have reflected aggravation of pleural inflammation&#44; thus conceivably increasing the risk of pneumothorax during this later period&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bronchoscopy is a commonly-used procedure in diagnosing NTM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Our case highlights an important complication in patients with NTM who undergo bronchoscopy for diagnostic confirmation&#46; Despite the occurrence of pneumothorax&#44; a definitive diagnosis was obtained&#44; allowing initiation of treatment for an otherwise rapidly-progressive pulmonary infection&#46;</p></span>"
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Letter to the Editor
Pneumothorax Following Bronchoalveolar Lavage for the Diagnosis of Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Infection – An “Atypical” Complication of Bronchoscopy?
Neumotórax tras lavado broncoalveolar realizado para diagnóstico de infección por micobacterias no tuberculosas. ¿Una complicación «atípica» de la broncoscopia?
Trevor T. Nicholsona,
Corresponding author
, Gökhan M. Mutlub
a Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
b Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of an 80 year-old woman who had had dry cough and wheeze for many years&#44; presenting with increased symptoms associated with recent development of generalized weakness and weight loss&#46; She had had several episodes of pneumonia&#46; Previous bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage &#40;BAL&#41; 13 years ago was negative for acid-fast bacilli &#40;AFB&#41; but identified Curschmann&#39;s spirals&#46; Recent chest CT showed progression of consolidation in the right upper&#44; middle and lower lobes with bilateral bronchiectasis and centrilobular micronodules in a tree-in-bud configuration&#46; Bronchoscopy was performed for further evaluation&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Shortly after the procedure&#44; she reported acute right-sided back pain&#44; which responded to acetaminophen&#46; Examination was unchanged&#44; and chest radiography performed 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h later did not show pneumothorax&#46; As her pain had resolved&#44; she was discharged home&#46; During subsequent days&#44; she reported fever &#40;101&#8211;105<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;F&#41; and intermittent back and right upper quadrant pain with no dyspnea or change in cough&#46; She was evaluated in the clinic on the fifth day after the procedure&#46; Chest CT showed an extensive right lower and middle lobe consolidation with hydropneumothorax &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#44; upper panel&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">By this time&#44; BAL smear and cultures were positive for AFB&#46; Thoracentesis was performed&#44; confirming an exudative pleural effusion that was lymphocyte-predominant &#40;82&#37; lymphocytes&#41;&#44; and cultured no organisms&#46; She commenced recommended treatment for non-tuberculous mycobacterium &#40;NTM&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> and also treatment for presumed health-care associated pneumonia&#46; The hydro-pneumothorax was managed without need for insertion of a pleural catheter or surgical intervention&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A diagnosis of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; avium complex</span> was later confirmed from BAL fluid&#46; She tolerated the NTM regimen well&#44; reporting decreased symptoms of fever and back pain&#46; Subsequent chest CT imaging following 3 months of treatment for NTM showed resolution of the pleural effusion and pneumothorax&#44; and improvement in tree-in-bud appearances &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#44; lower panel&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">NTM disease may be associated with spontaneous pneumothorax with an incidence of 2&#46;4&#37;&#8211;4&#46;1&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Mortality due to pneumothorax in such patients may be as high as 66&#37;&#44; compared to 8&#37; in those without pneumothorax&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Conversely&#44; the overall risk of pneumothorax during BAL fluid collection is extremely low&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> In a study of 1127 BAL procedures&#44; no patient developed pneumothorax&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> while in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome&#44; the reported incidence related to BAL is 0&#46;9&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> To our knowledge&#44; there are no previous reports of pneumothorax due to BAL performed for the diagnosis of NTM disease&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">While our patient developed back pain shortly after the procedure&#44; chest radiography did not show pneumothorax at 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h post-procedure&#46; It is possible that the pneumothorax may have been too small to be initially recognized by portable chest radiography&#46; Furthermore&#44; a protracted history of fevers and persistent pain in the days following the procedure may have reflected aggravation of pleural inflammation&#44; thus conceivably increasing the risk of pneumothorax during this later period&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bronchoscopy is a commonly-used procedure in diagnosing NTM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Our case highlights an important complication in patients with NTM who undergo bronchoscopy for diagnostic confirmation&#46; Despite the occurrence of pneumothorax&#44; a definitive diagnosis was obtained&#44; allowing initiation of treatment for an otherwise rapidly-progressive pulmonary infection&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Nicholson TT&#44; Mutlu GM&#46; Neumot&#243;rax tras lavado broncoalveolar realizado para diagn&#243;stico de infecci&#243;n por micobacterias no tuberculosas&#46; &#191;Una complicaci&#243;n &#171;at&#237;pica&#187; de la broncoscopia&#63; Arch Bronconeumol&#46; 2016&#59;52&#58;278&#8211;279&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Upper panel&#58; computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; images of the chest obtained at the time of presentation with pneumothorax and pleural effusion&#46; Consolidation is shown in the right middle lobe &#40;first and second panel&#41;&#44; and air-fluid levels are shown in the right pleural space &#40;third panel&#41;&#46; Tree-in-bud opacification is shown in both lungs&#46; Lower panel&#58; CT images obtained 3 months following commencement of treatment for NTM disease&#46; There is resolution of the right sided pleural effusion and pneumothorax&#44; with re-expansion of the lung and improvement in consolidation of the right middle lobe&#46;</p>"
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Article information
ISSN: 15792129
Original language: English
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