Letter to the Editor
Eosinophilic Pneumonia as a Paraneoplastic Manifestation of Colon Adenocarcinoma
Neumonía eosinofílica como manifestación paraneoplásica de un adenocarcinoma de colon
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The patient had hypertension under treatment with an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, but no other relevant medical or surgical history.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">He had a 1-month history of dry cough, dyspnea on moderate exertion, and constitutional symptoms (weight loss, 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg). Physical examination revealed inspiratory crackles in the lower lungs and diffuse wheezing. Initial blood tests showed leukocytosis with eosinophilia (47.3%; 6.20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span>/L) and elevated C-reactive protein (93.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/dL). Chest radiography showed diffuse, heterogeneous infiltrates, and moderate hypoxemia (PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>, 64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg) was detected. Sputum cultures for bacteria and staining for mycobacteria were negative.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A chest high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scan showed areas of subpleural ground-glass opacities, mainly in the upper lobes, areas of interlobular septal thickening in the lower lobes, and several enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). No endobronchial lesions were detected by bronchoscopy. Bronchoalveolar lavage total and differential cell counts revealed intense eosinophilic alveolitis (39%), but no microorganisms or malignant cells. Adenocarcinoma cells were detected on endobronchial ultrasonography with transbronchial biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes. All possible causes of EP were excluded. Meanwhile, an abdominopelvic CT scan revealed a neoplastic mass at the hepatic flexure of the colon, in addition to several hepatic metastatic lesions. Despite high corticosteroid doses and chemotherapy with FOLFIRI (folinic acid, fluorouracil, and irinotecan), the patient continued to deteriorate, with respiratory failure and progression of radiological lesions, and died just 2 months after the diagnosis.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is the first case reporting EP as a primary manifestation of colon cancer. To our knowledge, there have only been 4 reports of EP as a paraneoplastic syndrome.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2–5</span></a> Many explanations have been proposed for cancer-related hypereosinophilia, but the most consistent seems to be related with bone marrow stimulation through circulatory factors secreted by the tumor (interleukin [IL] 5, IL-3, and colony stimulating factors G-CSF and GM-CSF).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The association of hypereosinophilia with EP in the absence of other organ damage is not clear, although it could be related to early lung metastasis and local eosinophilic proliferation, as appears to have been the case in the other reports of cancer-associated EP.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2–5</span></a> Peripheral eosinophilia in a malignant context is usually a sign of disseminated disease, and is associated with a poor prognosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Nevertheless, metastatic disease was present in most but not all of the cases of malignant EP described to date.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2–5</span></a> Variable outcomes were reported, and metastasis would appear to be more closely related to the type and extent of cancer involved than to the presence of EP.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2–5</span></a> Besides corticosteroids, no specific treatment for EP in this context has been defined.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2–5</span></a> In all events, the presence of hypereosinophilia demands an extensive work-up, and paraneoplastic phenomena must be considered in all cases.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Funding</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None to declare.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Araújo D, Meira L, Moreira C, Morais A. Neumonía eosinofílica como manifestación paraneoplásica de un adenocarcinoma de colon. Arch Bronconeumol. 2016;52:224–225.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 547 "Ancho" => 1400 "Tamanyo" => 154419 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Chest computed tomography scan showing areas of subpleural ground-glass opacities, mainly in the upper lobes, and areas of interlobular septal thickening, mainly in the lower lobes.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Excessive eosinophilia as paraneoplastic syndrome in a patient with non-small-cell lung carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.S. 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Khayat" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1159/000095939" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Respiration" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "74" "paginaInicial" => "224" "paginaFinal" => "227" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17003525" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Triad of interstitial pneumonia, eosinophilia, and eosinophilic pleural effusion: a rare paraneoplastic manifestation of lung adenocarcinoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Kalra" 1 => "D. Fabius" 2 => "M. Gajera" 3 => "C. Palaniswamy" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "138" "numero" => "4_Meeting Abstracts" "paginaInicial" => "101A" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0213005X08727253" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "0213005X" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" "texto" => "<p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors are grateful to the staff of the Respiratory Medicine and Oncology Departments at Centro Hospitalar São João for their support.</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15792129/0000005200000004/v2_201604010234/S1579212915002128/v2_201604010234/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "49861" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Scientific letters" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000005200000004/v2_201604010234/S1579212915002128/v2_201604010234/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212915002128?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 2024 October | 76 | 30 | 106 |
| 2024 September | 58 | 24 | 82 |
| 2024 August | 107 | 45 | 152 |
| 2024 July | 112 | 33 | 145 |
| 2024 June | 85 | 49 | 134 |
| 2024 May | 89 | 35 | 124 |
| 2024 April | 50 | 28 | 78 |
| 2024 March | 70 | 18 | 88 |
| 2024 February | 40 | 25 | 65 |
| 2023 June | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2023 March | 5 | 4 | 9 |
| 2023 February | 67 | 33 | 100 |
| 2023 January | 62 | 28 | 90 |
| 2022 December | 71 | 29 | 100 |
| 2022 November | 76 | 28 | 104 |
| 2022 October | 51 | 24 | 75 |
| 2022 September | 71 | 31 | 102 |
| 2022 August | 51 | 38 | 89 |
| 2022 July | 67 | 49 | 116 |
| 2022 June | 57 | 46 | 103 |
| 2022 May | 61 | 36 | 97 |
| 2022 April | 80 | 23 | 103 |
| 2022 March | 96 | 44 | 140 |
| 2022 February | 96 | 25 | 121 |
| 2022 January | 76 | 50 | 126 |
| 2021 December | 64 | 41 | 105 |
| 2021 November | 73 | 53 | 126 |
| 2021 October | 72 | 58 | 130 |
| 2021 September | 60 | 50 | 110 |
| 2021 August | 55 | 29 | 84 |
| 2021 July | 52 | 34 | 86 |
| 2021 June | 67 | 60 | 127 |
| 2021 May | 82 | 45 | 127 |
| 2021 April | 206 | 114 | 320 |
| 2021 March | 103 | 26 | 129 |
| 2021 February | 83 | 38 | 121 |
| 2021 January | 77 | 25 | 102 |
| 2020 December | 59 | 26 | 85 |
| 2020 November | 52 | 18 | 70 |
| 2020 October | 44 | 19 | 63 |
| 2020 September | 57 | 11 | 68 |
| 2020 August | 62 | 15 | 77 |
| 2020 July | 62 | 16 | 78 |
| 2020 June | 49 | 10 | 59 |
| 2020 May | 61 | 19 | 80 |
| 2020 April | 51 | 24 | 75 |
| 2020 March | 45 | 15 | 60 |
| 2020 February | 70 | 40 | 110 |
| 2020 January | 60 | 24 | 84 |
| 2019 December | 59 | 22 | 81 |
| 2019 November | 45 | 23 | 68 |
| 2019 October | 45 | 17 | 62 |
| 2019 September | 57 | 11 | 68 |
| 2019 August | 54 | 22 | 76 |
| 2019 July | 53 | 22 | 75 |
| 2019 June | 39 | 8 | 47 |
| 2019 May | 65 | 19 | 84 |
| 2019 April | 89 | 22 | 111 |
| 2019 March | 50 | 25 | 75 |
| 2019 February | 40 | 20 | 60 |
| 2019 January | 40 | 13 | 53 |
| 2018 December | 47 | 14 | 61 |
| 2018 November | 55 | 32 | 87 |
| 2018 October | 67 | 22 | 89 |
| 2018 September | 36 | 13 | 49 |
| 2018 May | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2018 April | 32 | 2 | 34 |
| 2018 March | 26 | 4 | 30 |
| 2018 February | 15 | 5 | 20 |
| 2018 January | 12 | 3 | 15 |
| 2017 December | 18 | 2 | 20 |
| 2017 November | 11 | 6 | 17 |
| 2017 October | 23 | 6 | 29 |
| 2017 September | 21 | 7 | 28 |
| 2017 August | 21 | 6 | 27 |
| 2017 July | 21 | 1 | 22 |
| 2017 June | 32 | 17 | 49 |
| 2017 May | 27 | 10 | 37 |
| 2017 April | 20 | 15 | 35 |
| 2017 March | 12 | 9 | 21 |
| 2017 February | 11 | 9 | 20 |
| 2017 January | 16 | 9 | 25 |
| 2016 December | 20 | 5 | 25 |
| 2016 November | 30 | 13 | 43 |
| 2016 October | 36 | 14 | 50 |
| 2016 September | 18 | 4 | 22 |
| 2016 August | 39 | 8 | 47 |
| 2016 July | 29 | 8 | 37 |
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